In the experiment described in the tutorial, the investigators add a mutagen to the culture medium to increase the rate of evolutionary change in the viruses.
What is mutagen?Any factor that results in a mutation (a change in the DNA of a cell). Mutagens can injure cells and cause some diseases, like cancer, by altering DNA. Radioactive elements, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, and certain compounds are examples of mutagens.
What is a virus?A virus is an infectious microorganism made up of a protein-coated segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA). A virus can't multiply by itself; it has to infect cells in order to utilize the host cell's components to make copies of itself. Viruses are composed of bundles of DNA or RNA that are encased in a protein capsule called a capsid. Infectious agents that are acellular and must exist in the presence of a host cell in order to grow, viruses are frequently referred to as obligatory intracellular parasites. All cell types, including those in people, animals, plants, bacteria, yeast, archaea, and protozoa, have been proven to be susceptible to certain viruses.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that in the experiment described in the tutorial, the investigators add a mutagen to the culture medium to increase the rate of evolutionary change in the viruses.
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A(n) ___ worldview puts humans above the earth.
A. planetary-management and stewardship
B. none of these
C. planetary-management
D. environmental-wisdom
E. stewardship
F. all of these
Answer: C
Explanation:
which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing? which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing? cells producing monoclonal antibodies vaccinated animals, cells producing monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures viral cultures vaccinated animals and cells producing monoclonal antibodies vaccinated animals
Monoclonal antibodies and vaccinated animals are two sources of antibodies used in serological testing.
Which of the following is a test to see if soluble antigens are present?It is possible to modify the agglutination test to measure soluble antigens. The term "hemagglutination inhibition" refers to this test. Hemagglutination inhibition refers to the measurement of soluble antigen's capacity to prevent antibodies from adhering to antigen-coated red blood cells.
Which antibodies are present in saliva, tears, and mucus?IgA is the primary class of antibody present in a variety of bodily fluids, including tears, saliva, respiratory, intestinal, and colostrum secretions. IgA levels in serum are quite low. B cells found in the body's mucous membranes create IgA.
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Suppose two monsters that are heterozygous for eye shape
are crossed. What is the likelihood that the offspring will have
three eyes? (Note: Two eyes are dominant to three eyes.)
Answer:
then the percentage of offspring with recessive phenotype will be: Aa x Aa = AA Aa Aa aa, so recessive phenotypes would be 1/4 = 25%.
Explanation:
The space between the soil is part of the _________.
Answer:The space between he soil is part of the pores.
Explanation:The volume of all the pores divided by the volume of the soil profile is the porosity. Water, air and other gases move into and out of these pores. Soil-water is the water that fills part or all of the pores.
do you support the lgbtg community
Answer: No
Explanation:
I hope it dies
what is the effect energy is transferred through the circulation of heated molecules?
Kinetic energy is the energy that is transferred through the circulation of heated molecules.
What is the effect of the transfer of heat energy?If two bodies at different temperatures are conducted together, energy is transferred i.e. heat flows from the hotter body to the colder. The effect of this transfer of energy normally, but not always, is an increase in the temperature of the colder body and a reduction in the temperature of the hotter body. This is called conduction and is a very effective method of heat transfer in metals. However, air conducts heat poorly. Heat transfer is defined as the process in which the molecules are moved from a region of higher temperature to a lower temperature.
So we can conclude that Conduction is the transfer of heat energy from one matter to another or within a substance.
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The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. Choose the one that occurs last
1. Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin.
2. The free myosin head splits ATP.
3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere.
5. Calcium ion binds to troponin.
6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin.
a. 3,5, 1,4,6,2
b. 1,4,6,2,3,5
c. 3,5, 1,2,4,6
d.5, 1,4,6,2,3
e. 1,3,5,4,6,2
The answer is a) 3,5,1,4,6,2. Muscle contraction is defined as the muscle response to a stimulus that involves the interaction of the contractile proteins actin and myosin in the presence of calcium.
The correct sequence of muscle contractions is:
3. Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
5. Calcium ions binding to Troponin
1. Myosin Bridges Bind Actin
4. The myosin head pivots towards the center of the sarcomere
6. Myosin heads bind to ATP molecules and are detached from actin filaments
2. Free myosin head cleaves ATP.
The movement of muscle shortening occurs when the myosin head attaches to actin and actin is pulled inward. This action requires energy provided by ATP. Myosin binds to actin at the binding site of the globular actin protein. Myosin has another binding site for ATP where enzymatic activity hydrolyzes ATP to ADP, releasing an inorganic phosphate molecule and energy.
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Hi!!
With the help of diagram explain how exchange of gases occurs in leaf of a plant.
Please I need it asap
Answer:
The stomata will take in Carbon dioxide while the cell membrane will release oxygen
Explanation:
an erosion of the mucosa of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum caused by the breakdown of gastric barriers or by excessive amounts of gastric acid is called a(n)
Ulcers are caused by the destruction of gastrointestinal barriers or by the overproduction of stomach acid.
What is the digestive process?Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and faeces are the six steps in the digestion process. Ingestion, the first of these procedures, is the process by which food enters the alimentary canal through the mouth.
Is stomach acid a barrier of any kind?Several mucosal defence mechanisms in the stomach guard it from harmful substances including hydrochloric acid. The mucus-bicarbonate barrier makes up the pre-epithelial barrier. The pH gradient created by mucus and the bicarbonate that mucus cells release helps to keep the epithelial cell surface close to neutral.
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Parasites often play a role in maintaining the carrying capacity of an organism. Parasites are organisms that feed on or in an individual using the host organism’s resources while providing nothing in return. Parasites can best be described as which of the following?
A. producer
B. bio factor
C. abiotic factor
D. primary consumer
The correct answer is B. A parasite is a biotic factor.
What is a parasite really?
Parasite: an organism that depends on the host organism for its survival. It gets all its nutrients, food and shelter from the host, and sometimes, it even harms the host organism. It includes organisms like fungi, protozoas etc.
Parasites can also cause diseases in humans, examples of parasites that cause diseases are protozoa, ectoparasites, helminthes, etc.
Other examples are tapeworms, fleas and barnacles. Tapeworms are attached inside the intestines of animals like pugs, cows, etc.
Parasites get inside our bodies by the following ways:
Poor hygiene Weak immune system Visiting areas that have parasites Bad sanitationHiv/ aidsTherefore, parasites are biotic factors. They depend on hosts for survival.
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how an atom change if all of its electrons are removed
Answer:
If all the electrons of an atom are removed, it will change to become a positively charged ion called a cation. Additionally, the loss of all of its electrons means there is no negative charge to balance the positive charges of the protons.
Explanation:
In multicellular organisms, which term tells the highest level of cellular organization?
organs
cells
tissues
systems
Answer:
D, Systems
would be your answer
Which of the following correctly describes how two systems of the human body interact to carry out life processes?
A.
The excretory system takes fluids into the body, and the digestive system disposes of excess fluids.
B.
The digestive system takes oxygen into the body, and the respiratory system distributes it.
C.
The circulatory system takes fluids into the body, and the excretory system disposes of excess fluids.
D.
The respiratory system takes oxygen into the body, and the circulatory system distributes it.
Answer:
D.
The respiratory system takes oxygen into the body,and the circulatory system distributes it
what are some of the organs involved in the respiratory system
Answer:
Respiratory system organs: Lungs, trachea, Nose
Explanation:
How is the Respiratory system helpful.The Respiratory system helps your help take out carbon dioxide and take in oxygen.
What's the Respiratory System.It's a system of organs and tissues that help you breathe.
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Scientific researchers discovered agents that behaved like bacteria causing diseases such as rabies and hoof-and-mouth, but were much smaller. It became the general view that viruses were biologically "alive." This perception changed in 1935 when the tobacco mosaic virus was crystallized and scientists demonstrated that the particles lacked any mechanisms necessary for metabolic function. It was determined that viruses consisted of a nucleic acid, DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein shell. Viruses exist in two distinct states. When not in contact with a host cell, the virus remains entirely dormant. During this time there are no biological activities occurring and the virus is nothing more than a static organic particle. Viruses can remain like this for extended periods of time, waiting to come into contact with the appropriate host. When the virus comes into contact with a host, it becomes active, reacts to its environment and/or host and directs its efforts toward self-replication. The viral goal now is to produce more viruses to attack host cells.
The characteristics of life: many are listed in the passage describing viruses. One important piece of evidence arguing against life for viruses is implied by the passage; not stated directly. Viruses are not living, because, as implied by the passage, they
A. Lack a nucleus
B. Have no DNA
C. Are not cellular
D. Do not reproduce
According to the given passage, viruses are not living because they (C) do not have a cellular organization.
Viruses lack a cellular organization which is a basic feature of all living organisms. A virus is a nucleoprotein, with the genetic material enclosed by a protein coat. The genetic material could be either DNA or RNA. The genetic material is responsible for causing infection in the host.
Viruses are inactive outside their specific host cell. They are non-cellular organisms. They possess an inert crystalline structure outside the living host cell. The protein coat of a virus, i.e. capsid, serves as a protective covering for the genetic material.
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Which answer is not a mechanism for evolution?
Random mutation is not an mechanism of evolution .
Five important factors for evolution mechanism are Natural Selection, genetic drift, gene flow, mutations, and non random mating. Through these process members of a population differs greatly in their traits.
Natural selection is the most important mechanism of evolution, other evolutionary mechanisms can also change the frequencies of traits in populations. These include mutation, genetic drift and migration. Natural selection have 5 basic and major components These are Variation (individual have variation in appearance and behavior ), Inheritance( traits are continuously passed on from parent to offspring), Selection, Time and Adaptation.
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in general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when in general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when parasympathetic stimulation is increased. sympathetic stimulation is increased. parasympathetic stimulation is decreased. somatomotor stimulation is increased. sympathetic stimulation is decreased.
In general, the autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when sympathetic stimulation is increased and parasympathetic stimulation is decreased.
How does sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous stimulation affect blood vessels?Sympathetic nervous stimulation refers to the stimulation of the autonomic nervous system during periods of intense activities known as the flight or flight response. The sympathetic nervous stimulation prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, increasing respiratory rate, increasing blood pressure, etc.
Parasympathetic nervous stimulation refers to the stimulation of the autonomic nervous system during periods of rest. The parasympathetic nervous stimulation returns or keeps the body at rest by decreasing heart rate, decreasing respiratory rate, decreasing blood pressure, etc.
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The results of zajonc's study on cockroaches and social facilitation showed __________.
The results of zajonc's study on cockroaches and social facilitation showed
similar results in humans. This led to his theory of social facilitation.
Moreover, Social facilitation is a phenomenon in which people show increased levels of effort and performance when in the presence of others whether real, perceived, implied, or virtual compared to their level of effort and performance when alone.
In addition, social facilitation is thought to involve three factors, including physiological factors, cognitive factors, and affective factors, which are anxiety and self-presentation. A tendency to perform simple or well-rehearsed tasks better in the presence of others than alone. Social inhibition. The tendency to perform complex or difficult tasks worse in the presence of others is called social facilitation.
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When a substance changes from a liquid to a gas, what happens to the
motion of its particles?
A. They move at the same speed but in random directions:
B. They move more quickly and independently.
C. They move more slowly and are fixed in place.
OD. They move at the same speed and in the same direction.
Answer: B. They move more quickly and independently.
Explanation:
In gases the particles move rapidly in all directions, frequently colliding with each other and the side of the container. With an increase in temperature, the particles gain kinetic energy and move faster.
Which particles orbit around the nucleus?
Answer:
Negative Charged Particles which are Electrons.
Answer:
Electrons
Explanation:
What are electrons:Electrons are particles charge of negatively electricity.
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if you select for two closely related species of bacteria on media and distinguish between them through sugar fermentation, which type of medium is this?
Specific species can develop on selective media, whereas differential media are used to separate one species from another.
What is fermentation explain?fermentation is an aerobic chemical method that breaks away molecules like glucose. More specifically, fermentation is really the foaming that happens during the creation both beer and wine. a procedure that has been around for at least 10,000 years.
What happens during fermentation?The breakdown of carbohydrates occurs by the enzyme of microbes during fermentation in the absence of air. Microbes like bacteria and fungi are able to produce enzymes that really can break down a variety of sugar molecules because they have special metabolic genes.
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7. Cells obtain energy by either capturing light energy through photosynthesis or
by breaking down carbohydrates through cellular respiration. In both
photosynthesis and cellular respiration, the energy is ultimately derived from the
Sun in a
O A. reversible process.
O B. highly efficient process which involves no loss of heat to the environment.
C. one-way process.
O D. pathway that involves taking in heat from the environment at each step.
In both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, the energy is ultimately derived from the Sun is a one-way process. Option C.
The plant captures mild strength and releases oxygen, that is finally ate up in cell respiration. Thus, the sun is the final supply in each the reaction. The strength is in the long run derived from the sun; this method is usually termed as a one-manner method.
Photosynthetic cells contain chlorophyll and different mild-touchy pigments that seize sun strength. In the presence of carbon dioxide, such cells are capable of convert this sun strength into strength-wealthy natural molecules, inclusive of glucose.
Through the method of cell respiration, the strength in meals is transformed into strength that may be utilized by the body's cells. During cell respiration, glucose and oxygen are transformed into carbon dioxide and water, and the strength is transferred to ATP.
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Which of the following images shows a chemical change occurring?
water condensation
© akchamczuk / iStock 2018
crushing a can
© gbrundin / iStock 2018
stretching an elastic
© emregologlu / iStock 2018
old rusted boat
Public Domain
Answer: Old rusted boat or stretching an elastic. If your good at math can you please help me and provide an explanation. Olivia has read 40 pages of a 70 page book, 60 pages of an 85 page book and 43 of a 65 page book. What is the percentage of pages Olivia has not read?
Explanation:
How is ATP is involved in making sugars in photosynthesis?
Explanation:
For plants, this is a particularly important source of ATP because ATP is also required for the first glucose synthesis process. Without a supply of ATP produced by photosynthetic processes, plants would be caught in a "catch-22" position where they would need to produce glucose in order to manufacture ATP.
What role does the chicken play
Answer:
Secondary Consumer
Explanation:
when an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what ionic movement in the presynaptic cell?
Where the potential of the cell is higher than the resting potential, this results in the inward flow or influx of sodium ions or cations. When the action potential peaks, the sodium channels shut while the outflow of potassium happens.
Neurotransmitters are used by neurons to communicate. Neurotransmitters are released by the action potential as it develops inside the cell and assists in the transmission of impulses from one neuron to another.
The permeability of the voltage gated ion channels, as well as the existence of the myelin sheath, are in an appropriate state. Once the action potential is set off, the neuron's depolarization (2) causes sodium channels to open, allowing sodium ions to enter the cell and creating a net positive charge in the neuron in comparison to the extracellular fluid.
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A pair of chromosomes, one inherited from the mother, the other from the father. They occur in pairs, are similar size and shape, and carry the same gene sequences.
A homologous chromosome is one of two chromosomes that share the same gene sequence, , chromosomal lengths, and centromere position. Two chromosomes, one paternal and one maternal, homologous pair.
What does biology homologate?possessing the same conventional arrangement and position. In biology, the term "homologous" can look at two anatomical features or behavioral characteristics that developed from a structure or characteristic of their shared ancestor organism.
Homologous structures: what are they?Organs or skeletal components that are homologous in structure are those that indicate a relationship to a common ancestor due to their similarities. They can be found in mammals and other species. Both the appearance and the function of these structures don't have to be identical.
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Question 2 of 10
What is the likely effect of increasing the use of fossil fuels?
O A. Pollution levels and their effects will decrease.
B. Global warming will steadily decrease.
C. Biodiversity will decrease in most ecosystems.
D. Ecosystems will become more resilient.
how does new traits become common?
Answer:constant repeat of the traits
Explanation:
after a meal, both insulin and glucagon are secreted into the blood stream. what is their relationship?
Together with the hormone insulin, glucagon regulates blood sugar levels and helps to maintain target ranges. Insulin is produced to prevent blood sugar levels from increasing too high (hypoglycemia) while glucagon is released to prevent blood sugar levels from falling too low (hyperglycemia).
The pancreatic islets of Langerhans' alpha cells release the peptide hormone known as glucagon. The best-known effect of glucagon is to promote glucose synthesis in the liver and hence maintain appropriate plasma glucose concentrations. Hypoglycemia is physiologically the most powerful secretory stimulation. The metabolism of hepatic lipids and amino acids is also influenced by glucagon, which may lead to an increase in resting energy expenditure.
The INS gene in humans encodes insulin, a peptide hormone generated by beta cells of the pancreatic islets. It is regarded as the body's primary anabolic hormone.
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