The primary oocyte is meiotically divided into the secondary oocyte and polar body during oogenesis, and the polar body then goes through meiosis II to produce two polar bodies. Polar bodies are thought to feed the mature ovum cell, which develops during meiosis II in oogenesis.
A polar body is a byproduct of meiotic oocyte division. It is normally the small cell that apoptoses, and it simply disappears. This depiction, however, does not do the cell justice. Polar bodies function to remove one half of the diploid chromosome set produced by meiotic division in the egg, leaving a haploid cell behind. The cell must divide asymmetrically to produce the polar bodies, which is fueled by furrowing (the formation of a trench) near a specific point on the cell membrane.
Three polar bodies are formed during human oogenesis. Polar bodies are tiny cytoplasmic exclusion structures that form after sperm fertilization to contain extra DNA produced during oocyte meiosis. The zygote contains approximately 2-3 polar bodies derived from the oocyte.
The smaller cell is known as the primary polar body, and the larger cell is known as the secondary oocyte.
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When a species is separated by water, what type of speciation can occur?
Geographic Isolation
Reproductive Isolation
Genetic Drift
Co-evolution
Answer: Geographic Isolation
Explanation: Geographic isolation is when two populations are separated by a geographical barrier so A is the correct answer
What is the difference between pcr and sanger sequencing with regard to the materials needed to perform these reactions?.
Answer: The primary difference is the addition of ddNTPs in Sanger Sequencing
Explanation:
Sanger sequencing requires a DNA template, a sequencing primer, a thermostable DNA polymerase, nucleotides (dNTPs), dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs), and buffer.
The various components required for PCR include a DNA template, DNA primers, dNTPs, and DNA polymerase.
ddNTPS lack a 3' -OH causing elongation termination which is necessary for Sanger sequencing.
the phosphorus is a limiting factor for algae growth? Why or why not?
Answer:
Phosphorus can be a limiting factor for algae growth
Explanation:
Phosphorus and nitrogen are essential for algae growth. An increase in these nutrients causes the growth of algae to rapidly increase. This can be harmful to other plants and organisms living in the pond/sea, as the rapid increase in algae blocks sunlight from reaching the bottom of the pond. This kills plants that require sunlight to photosynthesise and saprobiotic bacteria decomposes this matter, by using oxygen. In turn this depletes oxygen available for any surviving plants and other fish species living in the area, causing them to die as they need oxygen to respire.
This process is called eutrophication where the increase in Phosphorus and nitrogen leading to a dense growth in plant matter
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3. the gwd (ground water disinfection) rule is concerned with potential health hazards from pathogenic viruses and? a. drinking water b. bacteria in groundwater and water-borne viruses c. germs d. giardia lamblia
The gwd (ground water disinfection) rule is concerned with potential health hazards from pathogenic viruses and bacteria in groundwater and water-borne viruses. Correct answer: letter B.
The standard for groundwater disinfectionOne of the most important aspects of public health is ensuring that the water we drink is clean and safe. The gwd (ground water disinfection) rule is designed to protect us from these potential health hazards.
There are two main ways to disinfect groundwater:
Chlorination is the most common method, and it is effective at killing viruses and bacteria. Ultraviolet light is also effective, but it is more expensive.The gwd rule requires that all public water systems disinfect their groundwater. This protects us from pathogenic viruses and bacteria that could make us sick. It also protects us from water-borne viruses that could cause serious illnesses.
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the menstrual cycle starts on the 1st of a woman's period what hormone is produced during the first half of the month?
The hormone produced during the first half of the month is the estradiol.
Chemicals released into the space between nerve cells that bind to receptors are calledQuestion options:A) action potentials.B) neurochemicals.C) neurotransmitters.D) platelets.
The correct answer is C) neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are neurochemicals that work between neurons' spaces. As the name describes, they transmit information between nerve cells.
the tumor in colette's shoulder was considered to have malignant potential, although the pet scan was negative for metastasis to the lymph nodes. rather than treat her entire body with chemotherapy, colette's physician recommended a treatment more specific to the one area, radiation, and referred colette to a radiation oncologist. what is a radiation oncologist?
Specialist in treatment of disease with high-energy radiation.
Moreover, To correctly diagnose a hand nerve injury, your orthopedic doctor will perform a thorough evaluation, which includes a review of your medical history and symptoms as well as physical and neurological examination of your hand.
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Put the events in the correct order.
(1. Decomposers increase oxygen consumption) (2. Algae consume the
available nutrients and then begin to die off) (3. Decomposers break down
algae and increase in number) (4. An algal bloom occurs)
Answer: 3
Explanation:
creatine kinase group of answer choices catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from cp to adp. functions as a substitute for atp during anaerobic fermentation. acts as a second messenger in muscle fibers. phosphorylates and activates certain enzymes in the sarcoplasm. donates one of its phosphate groups to adp.
creatine kinase : donates one of its phosphate groups to adp.
Explain the creatine kinase ?The enzyme (EC 2.7.3.2) creatine kinase (CK), sometimes referred to as creatine phosphokinase (CPK) or phosphocreatine kinase, is expressed by a variety of organs and cell types. Using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine, CK converts the latter into phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Because of the reversibility of this CK enzyme reaction, ATP can be produced from PCr and ADP.PCr serves as an energy reservoir for the quick buffering and regeneration of ATP in situ, as well as for intracellular energy transport by the PCr shuttle or circuit, in tissues and cells that rapidly consume ATP, particularly skeletal muscle, but also brain, photoreceptor cells of the retina, hair cells of the inner ear, spermatozoa, and smooth muscle.Learn more about creatine kinase refer to :
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Many eukaryotic genes can be placed into bacteria and expressed in bacterial cells. However, some modifications must be made for this to work successfully. What do you predict is a primary issue with expressing eukaryotic genes in bacterial cells?.
It is expected to observe as a primary issue a differential expression of eukaryotic genes in bacterial cells since in bacteria lack several gene modulation mechanisms such as epigenetic modulation.
What is the differential expression of eukaryotic genes?The differential expression of eukaryotic genes is a complex process that involves regulation both at transcriptional levels and posttranscriptional levels.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the expression of eukaryotic genes is much more complex than bacteria and we have taken it into account when expressing eukaryotic genes into bacterial cells
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i need help please. my grades are going downhill please help by
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
control variable- what is staying the same
dependent variable- what you are measuring
independent variable- what is changing
same motor- control
increase in voltage- independent
how fast electric motor turns- dependant
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what cell type would you expect to increase if a person were infected with a relatively large parasite such as a tapeworm?
the type of cell which would increase if a person were infected with a relatively large parasite such as a tapeworm is Eosinophils.
When your body produces an abnormally high number of eosinophils, the condition is called eosinophilia. One of the many white blood cells that help your immune system is an eosinophil.
The most common cause of persistent eosinophilia is parasitic helminth infections like tapeworms. Trichinosis, ascariasis, filariasis, and paragonimiasis are some other infections caused by helminths that have life cycles that include tissue migratory phases. These infections cause persistently elevated eosinophilia in the blood and tissues of the host.
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(ii) Describe the stages used in the laboratory to clone and produce Tegon from the genetically
engineered cell.
Answer:
Explanation:
A small piece of circular DNA called a plasmid is extracted from the bacteria or yeast cell.A small section is then cut out of the circular plasmid by restriction enzymes, ‘molecular scissors’.The gene for human insulin is inserted into the gap in the plasmid. This plasmid is now genetically modified.The genetically modified plasmid is introduced into a new bacteria or yeast cell.This cell then divides rapidly and starts making insulin.To create large amounts of the cells, the genetically modified bacteria or yeast are grown in large fermentation vessels that contain all the nutrients they need. The more the cells divide, the more insulin is produced.When fermentation is complete, the mixture is filtered to release the insulin.The insulin is then purified and packaged into bottles and insulin pens for distribution to patients with diabetes.The DNA of an animal's somatic cell is transferred into an egg cell that has had its nucleus and DNA removed in order to create a clone. With the same genes as the cell donor, the egg develops into an embryo. The embryo is then placed inside the uterus of an adult female to develop.
What is DNA ?A polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to form a double helix is called deoxyribonucleic acid. All known organisms and many viruses have genetic information in the polymer that is necessary for their development, operation, growth, and reproduction. Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid.
The process of genetic engineering consists of three main phases. These include (1) isolating DNA fragments from a donor organism, (2) integrating an isolated donor DNA fragment into the genome of the vector, and (3) allowing the recombinant vector to develop in the proper host.
Selection, mutagenesis, conjugation, and protoplasm fusion are examples of conventional genetic modification techniques that have been used, particularly for microbial starter cultures. The latter is comparable to somatic hybridization in plant systems.
Thus, The DNA of an animal's somatic cell is transferred into an egg cell that has had its nucleus and DNA removed in order to create a clone.
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Living organisms rely on four major biomolecules:carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.Carbohydrates are sugars and starches. Lipids are fatty acids. Proteins are long chains of amino acids. Nucleic acids are found in geneticmaterial. Two examples of biomolecules are shown here.Which elements from sugar molecules, such as glucose,are used to make amino acids?A. Carbon,Hydrogen, and OxygenB. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,and NitrogenC. Carbon, Hydrogen,and NitrogenD.Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
The elements from sugar molecules that are used to make amino acids are: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. Nitrogen is also necesay for amino acids, but carbohydrates are not a source of this element.
The correct answer is option A.
what is another term for alcohol dependence ?A. alcohol poisoning B. alcohol withdrawal C. alcohol addiction
Another term for alcohol dependence is alcohol addiction. (option C)
Answer:
C alcohol addiction
Explanation:
a researcher identifies a gram positive coccus that forms grape-like clusters. the cells are coagulase negative. this microbe could be
The gram-positive coccus Staphylococcus grows in clusters resembling grapes and produces coagulase-negative cells.
What species of gram-positive bacteria shows a positive coagulase test result?An enzyme called coagulase helps blood plasma to clot. To find the coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, this test is run on Gram-positive, catalase-positive organisms.
What does the organism's coagulase positivity or negativity indicate?Since S. aureus is typically coagulase-positive, S. would be present if a coagulase test was positive. aureus or any of the other 11 Staphylococci that are coagulase-positive. Instead, a negative coagulase test would indicate the presence of S and other coagulase-negative organisms. or S. epidermidis.
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If a genotype is heterozygous (aA) will the result be a (recessive) or A (dominate)?
The most common site of implantation is which part of the uterus
When the embryo reaches the stage of blastocyst, it will be implanted in the uterus lining called endometrium, more specifically in the upper and posterior wall.
What are the regulations that apply to hazardous waste
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is the public law that creates the framework for the proper management of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste. The law describes the waste management program mandated by Congress that gave EPA authority to develop the RCRA program.er:
Explanation:
Test and Improve
Part A
Janelle placed a thermometer in the plastic bag in her oven, and Corey placed a thermometer underneath the
plastic wrap in his oven. They placed their ovens out in the Sun for one hour. At the end of the hour, they recorded
the temperature in each oven.
Solar Oven
Janelle's cone oven
Corey's shoe box oven
Final Temperature (°F)
148
112
Identify the design that worked better. Was your prediction correct? Why do you think this design got hotter than
the other?
The better design is that of Janelle in which the thermometer was put in the plastic bag in her oven.
Which design would work better?We know that the oven is a device that was designed for the purpose of heating a substance. The heat would move all through the substnace thw we want to heat. In this case, we are usng a plastic to put the material that we want to heat.
It is natural that if we put the thermometer inside the plastic bag of underneath the plastic wrap in his oven, the thermometer that is wrapped in the plastic bag is going to have a better measurement because it can be able to pick the temperature that is right inside the wrap.
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6. A sperm cell is a (gamete, zygote), and is (haploid, diploid).
Answer: haploid, diploid
Explanation:
in skeletal muscle fibers, each myosin head binds to a group of answer choices tropomyosin. myosin tail. g actin. titin. troponin complex.
Each myosin head needs to bind an ATP molecule for this release. The myosin head is released from the actin by ATP attaching to it.
The head "recocks" (the recovery stroke) as a result of the ATPase hydrolyzing the ATP into ADP and a phosphate group, preparing it for the following power stroke.
Actin and myosin do not shorten as skeletal muscle fibers contract, which is explained by the sliding filament hypothesis of muscle contraction. Instead, they pass one another by.
The separation of myosin heads from actin requires ATP. Also, observe that the H zone and the light I band appear to narrow with sarcomere contraction, but the dark A band does not.
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1) what are rules about matter we should follow when investigating and explaining how plants grow and function?
2) what are rules about energy we should follow when investigating and explaining how plants grow, move, and function?
1.) Just as matter is made up of particles that works together to lead to the successful functionality of the system, the plant is made up of cells and tissues that function together to lead to its growth and development.
2.) Just as energy is neither created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one state to another, the energy from sunlight is being transformed to chemical energy which is being used by plants to grow, move and function.
What is matter?Matter is defined as a substance that is made up of particles that has weight and can occupy space. Matter is also made up of three major states such as solid, liquid and gas.
A plant is considered to be a matter as it is made up of cells and tissues such as the pith, protoxylem, xylem, phloem, sclerenchyma, chloroplast and cortex. These plant tissue cells obey the rules of matter as they function together to bring about the effective growth and development of the plant.
Plants also follow the rules of energy because they have the ability to transform energy from sunlight to chemical energy which is utilised for growth, movement and functioning.
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What would happen to the effectiveness of an original vaccination if a mutation in the virus caused the protein spike to change ? Make a claim that answers the question, then support that claim with evidence. What did you learn about mutations that would support your claim ?
Vaccine contain weaakened or inactive parts of the organism or antigen. It triggers the immune response of the body. If there is a mutation that caused the pretein spike to change, the effectiveness of an original vaccination will be affected. The antibodies from the vaccine are dire3cted against it and will no longer be effective and binding to destroy the virus. This will eventually escape immune surveillance. When there is a new variant, the original vaccination will not be effective completely. But somehow, it can provide at least some protection against the new virus variant. It will not make the original vaccination totally ineffective because it will still provide an elicit immune responce. It is possible to change the composition of the vaccine to provide protection against the new variants.
which is part of fetal circulation? group of answer choices ductus venosus foramen ovale ductus arteriosus all of the above a
The foramen ovale is a shunt that directs most of the blood to the left atrium.
The sinus venosus is where?The heart chamber with muscular walls that is upstream of a right side of the heart in vertebrate animals and the solitary atrium in fish is called the sinuses venosus, or venous blood sinus. It is the area that is home to the dominant sinus node or cardiac pacemaker.
Which veins empty into the sinus venous?The sinus venosus is connected to the left & right cardinal cardinal veins by relatively short portions. The common compass vein is formed on either side by the union of the anterolateral cardinal veins, with the anterior conveying the vascular resistance from of the upper body as well as the posterior from of the lower body.
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which characteristic(s) are used to distinguish members of the enterobacteriaceae from one another? group of answer choices both motility and the ability to ferment lactose. the presence or absence of the enzyme oxidase. both motility and the presence or absence of the enzyme oxidase. motility the ability to ferment lactose.
Litmus milk is primarily used to distinguish members within the genus Clostridium. It distinguishes Enterobacteriaceae from other gram-negative bacilli based on the ability of enteric solvents to reduce litmus.
Moreover, Enterobacteriaceae is a family of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rods. Characteristics of this family include motility, catalase positive and oxidase negative includes reduction of nitrates to nitrites and acid production from glucose fermentation.
Members of the Enterobacteriaceae are bacilli, facultative anaerobes, fermenting sugars producing lactic acid, and various other end products. They are usually 1-5 μm long and have Gram-negative stains. Most have many flagella used for locomotion, but a few genera are non-motile.
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A saturated solution is one that has as much of the solute present as is capable of dissolving. A solution is said to be unsaturated if it doesn't contain all of the solutes that can dissolve in it.
The type of material used and the temperature affect any liquid's saturation point. When the amount of dissolved solute reaches the solvent's saturation point, the solution is said to be saturated. Some specific kinds of solutes can dissolve in a solvent.
For a solution to form, a solute must be introduced to a solvent. A homogeneous solution is created when the solute dissolves in a solvent. An unsaturated solution is a term used to describe a solution in which solutes dissolve.
Accordingly, a solution is said to be unsaturated if it doesn't include all of the solutes that it is capable of dissolving. A saturated solution, on the other hand, contains as much of the solute as it is capable of dissolving.
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What is translation?
Translation in biology is defined as the process of turning nucleic acid information into amino acids. The study of genes, genetic variants, and heredity is part of the molecular foundation of inheritance. The molecular foundation of heredity consists of DNA, RNA, and genetic code
Explanation:
Translation in simple terms is turning the transcripted mRNA codons or sequences into amino acids.
Transcription in simple terms is DNA codons or sequences getting converted into mRNA codons or sequences.
Both of these together are called Gene Expression.
Why would it be illogical to assume that such a large animal could live entirely on mice never cry wolf
The large animal could live entirely on mice never cry wolf and no all deer and mice living on a forest be a population because they are different species.
What is population?A population can be defined as the discrete entities with identifiable characteristics like people, animals and data collection has called a population. A local population can be restricted to a smaller area where as a metapopulation has defined as when individuals in local populations scatter among other local populations.
A population consists of a similar group of species who reside in a geographical location and interbreed to produce fertile offspring, all individuals are able to survive and reproduce due to genetic variations.
Therefore, The large animal could live entirely on mice never cry wolf and no all deer and mice living on a forest be a population because they are different species.
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A sarcomere that is at a resting length of 1. 7um will generate __________________ force compared to a sarcomere at 2. 15um.
A sarcomere will produce its maximum active force at a resting size around 1. 7um as opposed to 2. 15um.
What do sarcomeres do and what are they?Sarcomeres are the basic building blocks of muscle fibers or contractile units. The functional components responsible for producing muscle contraction are actin but also myosin, the two main protein filaments who make up each sarcomere. The most prevalent idea for why muscles contract is the hypodermic needle theory.
Why Do Sarcomeres Function?Muscle cells can be seen to contain striations and resemble stripes under a microscope. This pattern is formed by the layering of sarcomeres, a collection of basic muscle tissue units.
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