More polymer will form if the concentration of free actin monomers is higher than the Cc at both the plus and minus ends.
Less polymer will form if the concentration of free actin monomers is lower than the Cc at both the plus and minus ends.
Actin polymerization encourages FAK and Src to activate small G proteins by signalling to GEFs and GTPases (e.g., Rho and Rac). The actomyosin network is then forced to develop as a result of G proteins' induction of cytoskeleton-regulating proteins.
What stops cells from forming actin polymers?
Actin monomer is sequestered by monomer-binding proteins, reducing its availability for polymerization. As a result, actin does not polymerize when monomer-binding proteins are present in stoichiometric levels.
Q. If a cell increases the activity of its actin severing proteins, will it lead in the short term to MORE or LESS actin polymer mass? Chose the most accurate answer.
Increased severing activity will result in LESS polymer under any conditions.
Increased severing activity will result in NO CHANGE in the total amount of polymer under any conditions. It simply results in a larger number of smaller filaments.
Increased severing activity will result in MORE polymer under any conditions.
If the concentration of free actin monomers is below the Cc for both the plus and minus ends, then MORE polymer will result. If the concentration of free actin monomers is above the Cc for both the plus and minus ends, then LESS polymer will result.
If the concentration of free actin monomers is above the Cc for both the plus and minus ends, then MORE polymer will result. If the concentration of free actin monomers is below the Cc for both the plus and minus ends, then LESS polymer will result.
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The characteristic that determines which generation in plants is dominant is the generation that:
a) is diploid
b) is haploid
c) carries out the majority of photosynthesis
d) produces the most gametes
The function that determines which era in flora is dominant is the technology option C. which includes the majority of photosynthesis.
The sporophyte is the dominant generation, however multicellular male and lady gametophytes are produced inside the flora of the sporophyte.
Dominant trends are the ones that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization. Recessive developments turn out to be latent or disappear, in the offspring of a hybridization. The recessive trait does, however, reappear within the progeny of the hybrid offspring. An instance of a dominant trait is the violet-flower trait.
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What are accommodation reflexes, and how do they support seeing objects that are near and far
Why do rods not function effectively in bright light while cones do not function effectively in dim lights?
The accommodation reflex, also known as the close reaction, is a three-part reflex that thickens the lens, constricts the pupil, and rotates the eyes inward, or converges the eyes.
What accommodation reflexes and rods relations?When a person examines a close object, the medial rectus muscle becomes more toned and the pupil constrictes (the papillae constrictor muscle contracts), which together result in accommodation and convergence of the eyes.
Therefore, The accommodation reflex's job is to coordinate the visual focus of attention on nearby things. Diplopia is avoided by proper convergence. The depth of field is increased by pupil constriction.
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an immunoassay was developed to rapidly diagnose patients infected with an emerging virus. however, the researchers discovered that some individuals were producing false negatives when tested, despite being infected with the virus. what might explain this? a) rapid evolution of the viral antigen b) changes in the length of the viral dna c) number of genome copies carried in each virion d) changes in the antibody produced by thevirus
Despite having the virus, they passed the test. the viral antigen has evolved quickly (option a).
How to describe a virusA length of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA), encased in a protein coat, makes up a virus, an infectious bacterium. Since viruses are unable to multiply on their own, they must infect host cells in order to utilise those cells' components as building blocks for their own replication.
Where do viruses come from?Adaptable genetic components that could migrate across cells may have given origin to viruses. They could be the offspring of once-free-living creatures that developed a parasitic reproduction strategy. Perhaps viruses were present before cellular life evolved and were responsible for this.
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Classify each description as a characteristic of nondisjunction in meiosis I or nondisjunction in meiosis II.
a. homologous chromosomes fail to separate
b. results in one cell that is n+1, one cell that is n-1, and 2 normal cells
c. sister chromatids fail to separate
d. results in 4 abnormal cells
Meiosis 1 characteristics include d. results in 4 abnormal cells and a. homologous chromosomes fail to separate, while Meiosis 2 features include b. results in one cell that is n+1, one cell that is n-1, and 2 normal cells and c. sister chromatids fail to separate.
What is the process of meiosis?The process of meiosis is a type of cell division characterized to form gametes germinal cells which are based on producing four cells each one having half genetic material and this process has two successive cell divisions called meiosis I and meiosis II in which non disjunction problems may change the amount of genetic material on daughter cells.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of meiosis is able to generate four cells that have the half genetic material which may be altered due to non disjunction problems.
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Using the structural classification, what type of joint is the epiphyseal plate? a. fibrous joint b. synarthrotic joint c. cartilaginous joint d. amphiarthrotic joint
Using the structural classification, cartilaginous joint type of joint is the epiphyseal plate.
There is a chance that we will be able to do so with the fact that we will be able to compete with them. Synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable), and diarthrosis are the three functional types of joints (freely moveable). Synarthroses are fibrous, amphiarthroses are cartilaginous, and diarthroses are synovial, according to the two classification schemes.
Other joints, such as sutures between skull bones, allow very little movement (only during birth) to protect the brain and sense organs. A joint is the connection between a tooth and the jawbone, and it is described as a fibrous joint known as a gomphosis. Joints are classified structurally as well as functionally.
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the flow of highly energetic electrons through the electron transport chain changes the of the pump proteins, which causes them to transport protons across the membrane.
The flow of the highly energetic electrons through electron transport chain will change the shape of the pump.
As the high-energy electrons are transported along the chain, some of their energy is trapped. This energy is used to drive hydrogen ions (from NADH and FADH2) from the matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space.
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another and the energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient.
Chemiosmosis uses the energy stored in the gradient to produce ATP. When an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, energy is absorbed by the atom.
Therefore, the flow of highly energetic electrons through the electron transport chain changes the Electron transport chain of the pump proteins, which causes them to transport protons across the membrane.
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Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) plays a key role in supporting populations of fish and crabs in the shallow portions of the Chesapeake Bay and the rivers that flow into it. There are many species of underwater plants that make up SAV beds. Use what you know about photosynthesis and cellular respiration to explain why SAV beds are critical to the health of fish and crabs that live in the Chesapeake Bay. Use evidence and scientific reasoning to support your answer.
Submerged aquatic vegetation which is also called underwater aquatic plants play a key role in the survival of fish and crustaceans due to the products of photosynthesis, such as oxygen.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants use a green pigment called chlorophyll to make their food by using energy from sunlight.
The result of photosynthesis is oxygen, which in turn is used by aquatic animals such as fish and crabs for cellular respiration.
Underwater plants consist of aquatic plants that grow completely underwater. Aquatic animals produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis to survive.
Underwater plants can be found in both fresh and salt water.
Therefore, aquatic plants play a key role in the survival of fish and crustaceans due to the products of photosynthesis, such as oxygen.
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if there are 50 flowers, 30 red (rr), 15 pink (rr) and 5 white (r), how many recessive alleles is in the population?
About 25 recessive alleles are there in the flower population.
The genetic diversity of a population at equilibrium can be determined using the Hardy-Weinberg equation. This equation is given by, p²+2pq+q² = 1.
Where p² is the frequency of homozygous dominant, q² is the frequency of homozygous recessive, 2pq is the frequency of heterozygous, p is the frequency of the dominant allele, and q is the recessive allele frequency.
Given, p² is 30, 2pq is 15, and q is 5. We have to find the frequency of homozygous recessive.
q² = 5² = 25
Therefore, the answer is 25. The correct option is option d.
The complete question is -
If there are 50 flowers, 30 red (RR), 15 pink (Rr) and 5 white (r), how many recessive alleles is in the population?
a)5 b)10 c)20 d)25
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the origin of a new plant species by hybridizing two existing species, coupled with accidents during cell division, is an example of _____.
The origin of a new plant species by hybridizing two existing species, coupled with accidents during cell division, is an example of hybrid speciation.
Hybrid speciation occurs when two existing species hybridize and a new species forms through the accidental alterations that can occur during cell division. Hybrid Speciation: The Evolution of a New Species Through Accidental Alterations in Cell DivisionHybrid speciation is a process of natural evolution which occurs when two existing species hybridize and a new species forms through the accidental alterations that can occur during cell division. These alterations can lead to new characteristics and traits that may give the new species an advantage over existing species in the same environment.
This process is often driven by a variety of factors, such as changes in the environment, competition for resources, and even the presence of different predators. Hybridization between two species is an unpredictable event, and the new species created may be better adapted for survival. Over time, this new species may become distinct enough to be considered a separate species from its parent species, allowing it to thrive and reproduce in its own environment.
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dental infections can lead to serious complications, since veins in the head and neck generally lack valves that prevent the backflow of blood. group of answer choices a. both the statement and the reason are correct and related. b. both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. c. the statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. d. neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Dental infections can develop in the tooth or its supporting structures and then spread to the nearby tissues. The head and neck region primarily lacks venous valves. It has been discovered that it can be challenging to identify and treat early face and dental infections.
What happens if a tooth infection is not treated?The harmful bacteria in your mouth can cause infections when your dental health is neglected and poor oral hygiene is practiced. An untreated tooth infection (abscess) can eventually make you ill.
What makes tooth infections more likely for me?Tooth infections are more likely to occur in those with diabetes, compromised immune systems, and those on particular drugs. Dental infections can spread to the surrounding tissues after starting in the tooth or its supporting structures.
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how would a researcher differentiate between two different cells in the same organism that look similar to each other?
Check the cell's proteome- There are numerous approaches of studying proteins in proteomics. Proteins can typically be found via mass spectrometry, electrophoresis, or antibodies (immunoassays).
The total set of proteins that an organism expresses is known as its proteome. The phrase can also be used to refer to the variety of proteins made at a certain period in a specific type of cell or tissue. Proteomics is the comprehensive analysis of the structure and function of proteins to comprehend the makeup of an organism.
The crucial tool of mass spectrometry is utilized to profile proteins in the cell. However, due to their complexity and dynamic nature, biomarker discovery continues to be the primary issue in proteomics.
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a hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of: group of answer choices leukocytosis. anemia. leukemia. polycythemia.
A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of Polycythemia.
So the correct answer is option B.
The relationship between familial hemochromatosis and polycythemia has been studied . It is believed that in this instance, polycythemia results from an increase in iron absorption by erythroid precursor cells as a result of greater transferrin saturation levels.
The bone marrow cells frequently produce an abnormally high number of red blood cells as a result of a JAK2 gene mutation. People with PV may also have unusually high numbers of platelets and white blood cells because the damaged bone marrow cells may be able to grow into other blood cells.
Obesity, smoking, binge drinking, and the use of certain drugs, including diuretics, are typical causes of apparent polycythaemia.
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which labeled structure is in charge of editing and sorting incoming sensory stimuli, and controlling information entry into the cerebral cortex?
Thalamus is in charge of editing and sorting incoming sensory stimuli, and controlling information entry into the cerebral cortex.
What is thalamus?
The brain's primary relay center is the thalamus. This central structure is traversed by motor pathways, limbic pathways, and sensory pathways other than olfaction.
s of the world's top ten percent of the world'ss of the world's greatest or to' the Each nucleus has distinct input routes and a variety of output projections, the majority of which communicate with the cerebral cortex.
The thalamus, a pair of egg-shaped structures located beneath the brain, has evolved to become larger and more complicated (like the cerebral cortex), and as mammals broke away from reptiles, its wiring grew considerably more complex.
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m protein, hyaluronidase, collagenase, and often a capsule, can be virulence factors for certain pathogenic strains of:________
M protein, hyaluronidase, collagenase, and often a capsule, can be virulence factors for certain pathogenic strains of streptococcus.
Virulence is the ability of an organism to infect a host and cause disease. Virulence factors are the cellular structures that enable microbial pathogens to achieve that as well as several things, such as:
Evading the host's immune response.Immunosuppression.Obtain nutritions from its host.Colonization of a niche in its host.Gain entry and exit out of cells.These factors can be used to either assist and promote colonization or bring damage to the bost.
Virulence factors can appear in many forms. Some pathogens are chromosomally encoded, while others obtain their factors from mobile genetic elements like bacteriophages.
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Place the following labels in order indicating the passage of light through the eyeball. Vitreous humor Lens Ante Posterior chamber Tunica vasculosa Poste Anterior chamber Cornea Vit Tunica interna Tur Pupil Tuni Reset
The correct order indicating the passage of light through the eyeball is described below:
CorneaAnterior ChamberPupil Posterior Chamber Vascular Tunic LensVitreous Humor RetinaHow does light pass through the eyeball?Light first enters through the cornea and passes through the anterior chamber, which is a fluid-filled space between the cornea and pupil.
The light then passes through the pupil and into the posterior chamber, which is also filled with fluid. From there, it enters the vascular tunic, or middle layer.
The light then passes through the lens and vitreous humor to the retina which converts the light to an electrochemical signal.
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What is the relationship between protein structure and nucleic acids?
The nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) coordinate and carry out a complicated process that builds proteins (RNA) is the relationship between protein structure and nucleic acids.
The process, known as protein biosynthesis, entails building protein chains out of individual amino acids in a certain order. Nucleic acids have been suggested to act as templates for the creation of proteins and to control the order of amino acids in protein molecules. This involvement has been confirmed by statistical evidence.
Assembled proteins are polymers of amino acids that carry genetic information in nucleic acids. It transports the proper amino acid to the location where proteins are made, and base pairing between the mRNA and tRNA enables the proper amino acid to be placed into the polypeptide chain.
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an adult elephant is much larger than a baby elephant Because it's cells are much larger?
Answer:-So beacuse the size of the cells in different organisms does not vary an elephant won't have larger cells than a rat. It has more number of cells as compared to the number of cells in a rat. But the size of the cells are same..!
The question of whether cells are bigger in larger mammals than in smaller ones — think of an elephant's liver cell compared with a liver cell from a mouse — is usually answered by saying that larger mammals don't typically have bigger cells, they just have more of them.
Animals can vary enormously in size, but they're alike in at least one way. The individual cells that compose all of their bodies--from shrews to people to dinosaurs--are roughly the same size. Big animals just have many more cells than little animals.
Cell is the basic unit of life. Yes, the cells of ant and elephant are same. All organisms are made up of cells and they are of different sizes and shapes. Size of cell does not make any difference between the ant and elephant but its the number of cells which makes such differences in their body sizes.
The scenario shows a distribution of plant height from genetically identical individuals plotted as a function of temperature. Check all that apply.
a. Temperature influences the growth of plants.
b. The genotype of the plant is likely altered by the environment.
c. The environment likely impacts the expression of genes important to plant height.
d. Plants grow well at 40oC.
e. Despite having the identical genetics the phenotype of organisms show continuous variation with respect to the environment.
Scenarios showing the distribution of plant heights of genetically identical individuals are plotted as a function of temperature.
a. Temperature influences the growth of plants.c. The environment likely impacts the expression of genes important to plant height.e. Despite having identical genetics, the phenotype of organisms shows continuous variation with respect to the environment.If the minimum ambient temperature then the plant will not grow. The optimum temperature will cause the growth rate to be high, while the temperature above the maximum will result in the plant not experiencing growth and the plant will die if it cannot adapt to stress.
An environment that affects genes is an environment that is not good for overall health, such as pollutants that are too high, temperatures that are too high, or nutrients that can affect gene formation.
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a woman whose father is a hemophiliac marries a man with normal clotting ability.b what is the probability that her first child will have hemophilia
The probability of having a son with hemophilia is 25% (or one in four). a 25% possibility of having a son that clots normally. a 25% possibility of having a carrier daughter. having a daughter with hemophilia has a 25% risk.
Should the father have hemophilia: As a result of receiving their mother's healthy X chromosome, none of his sons will be affected by hemophilia, but his daughters have a 50/50 chance of carrying the condition.
Overall, each pregnancy has a 1 in 4 (25%) chance of producing a male with hemophilia and a 1 in 4 (25%) chance of producing a daughter who is heterozygous.
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Why is the summer solstice the longest day of the year?
Answer:
because it is the day when the sun travels its longest path in the sky, allowing for the longest period of daylight to occur during one day each year.
Explanation:
hoped this helped:)
Tn response to falling blood glucose levels, which pancreatic islet cell releases glucagon?
The pancreatic beta islet cells react to a drop in blood sugar levels by releasing glucagon.
What is glucagon?Glucagon is a synthetic hormone that is used to treat very low blood sugar levels in diabetics who are taking insulin. This drug can also be used to help facilitate radiological examination of the digestive tract.
Beta cells (β Cells) are a type of cell found in the islets of the pancreas that synthesize and secrete insulin. Beta cells account for about 50-70% of the cells in the islets of the pancreas in the human body. The insulin hormone functions to lower blood sugar levels.
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how do allopatric and sympatric speciation differ? allopatric speciation involves a physical separation of groups as they form new species; sympatric speciation does not. allopatric speciation involves loss of gene flow between groups; sympatric speciation does not. allopatric speciation involves loss of reproductive compatibility between groups as they form new species; sympatric speciation does not. allopatric speciation involves genetic changes as groups form new species; sympatric speciation does not.
Allopatric speciation involves loss of reproductive compatibility between groups as they form new species; sympatric speciation does not.
How do allopatric and sympatric speciation differ?In allopatric speciation, groups become reproductively isolated and diverge due to a geographical barrier. In sympatric speciation, reproductive isolation and divergence occur without geographical barriers—for example, by polyploidy.
How does Allopatric differ from sympatry?The primary difference between the two types of speciation is that allopatric speciation occurs in geographically separated populations while sympatric speciation occurs in populations that could share a geographical area within the range of the ancestral population.
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many neurons of joints help to inform the brain about the activity of the joint, including pain or position of the joint. these types of neurons are classified as _____________________ neurons.
Afferent somatic neurons. Sensational physical neurons, which we relate to as" proprioceptors," are the specific neurons that communicate with the brain about the stir of the joints.
What about neurons?The introductory structure blocks of the brain and nervous system are neurons( also known as neurons or whim-whams cells).Neurons are the cells that admit sensitive information from the outside world, give motor orders to our muscles, and convert and bear electrical impulses at each stage along the way.The bulk of neurons in invertebrates are set up in the central nervous system, still some are set up in supplemental ganglia and numerous sensitive neurons are set up in sensitive organs like the retina and observance.The brain and spinal cord, which are CNS organs, contain neurons.The PNS contains neurons as well as the rest of the body.Information is transported throughout the mortal body via neurons.They aid in coordinating all conditioning by transferring electrical and chemical signals.In this composition, we define neurons and describe how they serve.Neurons are nervous system cells that communicate information to other whim-whams, muscle, and gland cells.Axons, dendrites, and a cell body make up the maturity of neurons.The nexus and cytoplasm are set up inside the cell body.Learn more about neurons here:
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by studying the chemicals in rare plants that grow only in rainforests, scientists hope to discover new life-saving medicines. chances of finding such new medicines are reduced by
Researchers are looking at the compounds in rare plants that only grow in rain forests in the hopes of finding new, life-saving medications. Because of Haman's actions, there are fewer opportunities to discover such novel medication.
A medication is a drug that is used to identify, treat, or prevent disease. It is also referred to as a medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply a drug. A significant area of medicine is drug therapy, or pharmacotherapy, which depends on the science of pharmacology for ongoing development and on pharmacy for effective management. There are many different categories for drugs. One of the important divides is by level of control, which separates prescription pharmaceuticals from over-the-counter medicines (prescription drugs are those that a pharmacist can only give on the advice of a doctor, physician assistant, or licensed nurse) (those that consumers can order for themselves). Traditional small molecule drugs, which are typically made through chemical synthesis, and biopharmaceuticals, which include recombinant proteins, vaccines, blood products used for therapeutic purposes (like IVIG), gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and cell therapy, are another important distinction (for instance, stem cell therapies). Biological systems impacted, delivery method, mode of action, and therapeutic outcomes are further classification categories for medications. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is a complex and frequently used classification scheme. The list of necessary medications is maintained by the World Health Organization.
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given that about 25% of the mammalian genome is associated with genes, including introns and regulatory sequence, what would be the approximate average length of dna per gene if the genome contained 20,000 genes?
40,000 Base Pair approximate average length of DNA per gene if the genome contained 20,000 genes.
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of polynucleotide chains that coil spherically each one-of-a-kind to form a double helix. The polymer includes genetic instructions for the development, functioning, boom, and replica of all seemed organisms and lots of viruses.
In all dwelling things, DNA is vital for an inheritance, coding for proteins, and offering instructions for life and its tactics. Human cells commonly consist of 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a complete forty-six chromosomes in every cell.
Most DNA is positioned within the cell nucleus. Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the power from meals right into a shape that cells can use.
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The half-reaction that occurs at the cathode during electrolysis of an aqueous sodium iodide solution is.
Answer: answer is below
Explanation:Reaction equation showing ionization of NaI is as follows. Reaction equation showing ionization of water is as follows. At cathode, only reduction reactions take place. Hence, reactions taking place at cathode are as follows. = -2.71Standard reduction potential equation for hydrogen ions is as follows. = 0.00 If a cation has more negative reduction potential then that ion is difficult to reduce as compared to the cation that has lower negative reduction potential.As has less electronegative reduction potential than .Thus, will be reduced easily and you will get the product at cathode.
The chitin in the walls of the tracheae has a similar chemical bonding and function as cellulose in plant cell walls. Explain how the chemical bonding in chitin enables it to carry out this function in insects. [3]
what is being measured in this investigation to determine the rate at which photosynthesis is occurring? what conclusions can you make as the lamp intensity was increased? (use specific values from the investigation to support your answer.) what conclusions can you make as the temperature was increased? (use specific values from the investigation to support your answer.)
Measurement of CO2 uptake by plants: Since CO2 is required for photosynthesis, determining how much of it is taken up by plants can tell us how much photosynthesis is taking place.
What occurs when the brightness of the light is increased?The rate of photosynthesis increases as light intensity rises, but only until another factor—a limiting factor—becomes scarce. Until another factor becomes limiting, the rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to the amount of light.
What occurs when the temperature rises?The kinetic energy of molecules increases with temperature. The likelihood of the reaction happening is raised by the molecules' increased movement and frequency of collisions. The reaction rate is accelerated by this.
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which medication directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increasing bone mass density (bmd)?
Calcitonin(Miacalcin) directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increasing bone mass density (BMD).
Osteoclasts are directly inhibited by calcitonin, which reduces bone loss and raises BMD. Raloxifene lowers the risk of osteoporosis by maintaining BMD without affecting the uterus estrogenically. The FDA recently gave teriparatide the go-ahead to treat osteoporosis. Calcium is more readily absorbed when vitamin D is present.
Calcitonin is a nasal spray and injection used to treat Paget's disease of the bones, excessive calcium, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It's not a first-choice treatment option, despite being offered in a less expensive generic form.
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Place the following digestive tract structures in the order they would be encountered by an ingested food molecule:
The placement of digestive tract structures in the order they would be encountered by an ingested food molecule would be Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon and Descending colon.
The pharynx is the part of respiratory system which carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth. It connects to the esophagus, which is a long tube like structure that ends in the stomach. Stomach is a muscular bag like structure where food is broken down and passed into intestine as small pieces. The main role of the duodenum is to complete the first phase of digestion. The primary function of the jejunum and ileum is to absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. Cecum is the fermentation chamber. The colon has the function of reabsorption of water and some nutrients and electrolytes from partially digested food and removal of waste.
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