For a material with a long half-life, the rate of decay is lower. The positively charged protons would typically reject one another due to electrostatic repulsions, but the strong nuclear force, an incredibly potent but extremely localized attractive force between nucleons, prevents this from happening and keeps the nucleus together.
What is beta decay ?
In an alpha decay, the atomic number is lowered by two. A beta decay results in a rise of one in the atomic number. Protons can stay together in a nucleus despite the fact that their charges repel one another because of this phenomenon, which is greater at very close ranges than electrostatic repulsion. The ratio of neutrons to protons is the main determinant of stability. Atoms with an imbalance of neutrons, either too many or too few, are unstable.
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in an l-r-c series circuit, the rms voltage across the resistor is 30.0 v, across the capacitor it is 90.0 v, and across the inductor it is 55.0 v. what is the rms voltage of the source?
The rms voltage of the source is 46.09 V in an i-r-c circuit.
Voltage across the resistor = v₁ = 30 V
Voltage across the capacitor = v₂ = 90 V
Voltage across the inductor = v₃ = 55 V
The rms voltage across the source in an i-r-c circuit is = v =
= v = √ (v₁² + ( v₃ - v₂)² )
= v = √ (30² + ( 55 - 90)² )
= v = √ (900 + ( -35)² )
= v = √ (900 + 1225 )
= v = √2125
= v = 46.09 V
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A mass is connected to a spring and is allowed to move horizontally. The mass is at a position L when the spring is unstretched. The mass is then moved, stretching the spring, and released from rest. It then moves with simple harmonic motion.
1. At the instant that the mass passes through the position where the spring is unstretched, what can be said about its instantaneous acceleration?
2. At the instant that the mass passes through the position where the spring is unstretched, what can be said about its instantaneous speed?
3. At the instant that the spring is compressed the most, what can be said about the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity?
a) Acceleration is zero
b) Speed is zero
a) The equation of the simple harmonic motion is
x = A cos (wt +φ)
where
A = amplitude of the movement,
w= angular velocity and
φ = phase
Body acceleration is
a = d²x / dt²
dx / dt = - A w sin (wt + φ)
a = d²x / dt² = - A w² cos (wt + φ)
when it is not stretched x = 0
The spring is released at maximum elongation, φ = 0
0 = A cos wt
Cos wt = 0
wt = π / 2
a = -A w² cos π/2 = 0
Acceleration is zero
c) When the spring is compressed x = A
Speed (v) = dx / dt
v = - A w sin wt
A = A cos wt
cos wt = 1
wt = 0, π
v = -A w sin 0 = 0
Speed is zero
Complete question:
A mass is connected to a spring and is allowed to move horizontally. The mass is at a position L when the spring is unstretched. The mass is then moved, stretching the spring, and released from rest. It then moves with simple harmonic motion. (a) At the instant that the mass passes through the position where the spring is unstretched, what can be said about its instantaneous acceleration? Grade Summary It is maximum. OIt is zero It is non-zero but not maximum Potential per attempt) Hint I give up 1% -ム33%Part (b) At the instant that the spring is compressed the most, what can be said about the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity?
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What is the change in momentum of a car weighing 1500kg when its speed increases from 36km h to 72km h uniformly?
The change in momentum of the car is 15000 kg m/s.
Momentum is the strength gained by a moving body. It is calculated as the product of mass and velocity. Momentum is a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction.
We get the formula for calculating force from momentum from newton's second law. According to this law, " The force is equal to the time rate of change in momentum."
i.e., Force = Final momentum - initial momentum/ time
In the given question, we have to find a change in momentum
i.e. Force = Final momentum - initial momentum/ time
In the given question, we have to find change in momentum
Δp = [tex]M_{2[/tex][tex]V_{2[/tex] - [tex]M_{1[/tex][tex]V_{1[/tex]
= M ( [tex]V_{2[/tex] - [tex]V_{1[/tex])\
= 1500 (72-36) ×5/18
= 1500×2×5
= 15000 kg m/s
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Why is sleep the most important thing?
Sleep is very crucial in person daily life. Sleep helps in early recovery from an injury .Sleep helps person to perform daily actions with proper attention.
Not getting adequate sleep will provoke a diminishing being developed compound creation that impacts tissue and muscle fix. To this end it's essential to get good significant REM sleep for your body's recovery cycle. If you don't, then, at that point, you risk losing mass and cutoff from nonappearance of supportive synthetics like these ones which are conveyed during the non-REM stage when they're required most!
It's never previous chance to get a fair night sleep! For our body and muscles to foster you need the suitable proportion of sleeping. It is expressed that if one snoozes 7-9 hours out of each and every day.
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a mass is connected to a spring and is allowed to move horizontally. the mass is at a position l when the spring is unstretched. the mass is then moved, stretching the spring, and released from rest. it then moves with simple harmonic motion.
The instantaneous acceleration is zero when the mass passes through the position where the spring is unstretched.
What is acceleration?The equation that governs simple harmonic motion is as follows:
x = A cos (wt +φφ)
Where A is the movement's amplitude, w is the angular velocity, and the initial phase φ is determined by the initial condition.
The body accelerates.
a = d²x / dt²
Look for the derivatives.
dx / dt = - A w sin (wt + φ)
a = d²x / dt² = - A w² cos (wt + φ)
When it is not stretched, x equals 0.
When the spring is at its maximum elongation, φ = 0
0 = A cos wt
Cos wt = 0 wt = π / 2
This angle accepts acceleration.
a = -A w² cos π/2 = 0
Therefore acceleration is zero
x = A when the spring is compressed
Then the speed is
v = dx / dt
v = - A w sin wt
We are looking for time.
A = A cos wt
cos wt = 1 wt = 0, π
For this period, the quick vouchers
v = -A w sin 0 = 0
The speed is zero.
The complete question:
" A mass is connected to a spring and is allowed to move horizontally. The mass is at a position L when the spring is unstretched. The mass is then moved, stretching the spring, and released from rest. It then moves with simple harmonic motion. (a) At the instant that the mass passes through the position where the spring is unstretched, what can be said about its instantaneous acceleration? Grade Summary It is maximum. OIt is zero It is non-zero but not maximum Potential per attempt) Hint I give up. Part (b) At the instant that the mass asses through the position where the spring is unstretched, what can be said about its instantaneouPart (c) At the instant that the spring is compressed the most, what can be said about the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity?"
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What is the new orbital speed after friction from the earth's upper atmosphere has done −7. 5×109J of work on the satellite?
The new orbital speed after friction from the earth's upper atmosphere is 8674.15 m/s.
When the work done by a force does not depend on the choice of path, the force is called the conservative force. Some examples are a gravitational force, elastic spring force and electric force. On the other hand, when the work done by a force relies on the choice of the path of the motion, it is called non-conservative force.
The net work done by non-conservative force is W = ΔK + ΔP ----(1)
Given that, work done W = -7.5 * 10⁹ J
Change in kinetic energy = (Kf - Ki)
Final kinetic energy Kf = 1/2* m * Vf²
Initial kinetic energy Ki = 1/2* m * Vi²
Mass of the satellite m = 848 kg
Vf = Final speed
Vi = Initial speed = 9640 m/s
Change in gravitational potential energy ΔP = 0
Substituting the values in (1),
1/2* m (Vf² - Vi²) = W
1/2 * 848( Vf² -9640²) = W
Making Vf as subject,
Vf = √( 2W/m + Vi²)
⇒ √( -2* 7.5 * 10⁹/848 + 9640²)
⇒ 8674.15 m/s
Thus, the final speed decreases due to friction.
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which electromagnetic radiation wavelength is efficiently observed using ground based telescopes?
Radio waves electromagnetic radiation wavelength is efficiently observed using ground based telescopes.
What exactly does electromagnetic radiation refer to?Electromagnetic radiation is made up of electromagnetic field waves that move over space while carrying radiant electromagnetic energy, according to physics. It is made up of radio waves, microwaves, infrared, light, X-ray and gamma rays. The electromagnetic spectrum includes all of these wavelengths.
Electromagnetic radiation can have low or high energy levels. It is made up of radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma rays.
What causes electromagnetic radiation?When an electron or other atomic particle like it is driven by an electric field, it emits electromagnetic radiation.
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a seagull is sitting in the water surface and a simple water wave passes under it. what sort of motion does the gull experience? why?
The seagull will experience a small rise and fall motion as the wave passes underneath it. This is because the wave creates an upward force on the gull, pushing it upwards as it passes underneath, and then creating a downward force as it moves away, pushing the gull downward.
The seagull will experience a up and down motion as the wave passes under it. This is because the wave is pushing the seagull up and down as it moves underneath the bird.
Step 1: As the water wave passes under the seagull, the wave will create an increase in the water level beneath the seagull. This increase in water level will cause the seagull to rise slightly.
Step 2: As the wave continues to pass underneath the seagull, the wave will start to decrease in height. This decrease in water level will cause the seagull to drop slightly.
Step 3: As the wave passes completely underneath the seagull, the wave will have returned to its original height, and the seagull will no longer be affected by the wave.
Thus, the seagull will experience an up and down motion as the wave passes underneath it. This is because the wave causes the water level beneath the seagull to rise and fall, causing the seagull to move with the wave.
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two ice skaters of equal mass grab hands and spin in a circle once every four seconds. their arms are 0.76 m long, and they each have a mass of 55.0 kg. how hard are they pulling on one another?
The force applied to pull on one another is 102.48 N.
Mass of skaters = m = 55 Kg
Length of arms = r = 0.76 m
Time period = 4 s
Force applied to pull one another is = F =
= F = centripetal force
= F = (m X v²) / r
The centripetal force exerts on a body at the time of circular path, which acts towards the centre of a circular path, and It is inverse of radius as more radius has the least centripetal force.
First, the velocity of the skaters is = v =
= v = distance / time
= v = ( 2 X π X r ) / t
= v = ( 2 X π X 0.76 ) / 4
= v = 1.19 m/s
Now,
Force applied to pull one another is = F =
= F = centripetal force
= F = (m X v²) / r
= F = ( 55 X 1.19²) / 0.76
= F = 102.48 N
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in which case will more current flow through the battery: when three identical resistors are connected in series with the battery, or when the same three resistors are connected in parallel with the battery.
More current will flow through the battery when the same three resistors are connected in parallel.
Equivalent resistance when the three equal resistors are connected in parallel is R eq = R/3
We know that, according to ohm's law, V = i * R eq
where, V is the voltage
i is the current
R eq is the equivalent resistance
We know that, voltage is same across the circuit of three resistors connected in parallel.
Now, substituting R eq in the above equation, we have
i = V/ R eq = V/ (R/3) = 3* V/R
Thus, more current flows through the same three resistors which are connected in parallel.
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an electromagnetic wave with a peak magnetic field magnitude of 1.50 10-7 t has an associated peak electric field of what magnitude?
45 V/m is the corresponding maximum component of the related peak electric field.
Given:
Electromagnetic pulse with a maximum magnetic field strength of [tex]1.5 * 10^{-7}[/tex]T
The following is the relationship between the magnetic and electric fields:
E = B × c,
where c = [tex]3 * 10^{8}[/tex] m/s.
[tex]E = (1.5 * 10^{-7}) * (3 * 10^{8})[/tex]
= 45 V/m
Electric fields are created by magnetic fields that are changing and electric charges.
With an electric charge or a collection of charges, an electric field will also exist. Any charged object placed in this field will experience an electrostatic attraction as a result of the field's interactions with the charge of the object. Field lines show the force that would act on a positively charged particle at that instant if it were within the field.
In the end, charge transport results in the development of magnetic fields. The magnetic field surrounding the straight wire may be seen as electricity passes across it. Motors and even computer data storage are also powered by this phenomenon.
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which electromagnetic radiation wavelength is efficiently observed using ground based telescopes?
Simply said, radio is a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that is well suited for ground-based telescope observation.
How do you calculate wavelength?The distance between any two identical locations on adjacent waves may always be used to calculate the wavelength. When dealing with a longitudinal wave, the distance between one compression and the next or between one rarefaction and the next is used to calculate the wavelength.
Describe the wavelength.The distance between two identical points (adjacent crests) in consecutive cycles of a waveform signal's journey through space or over a wire is known as the wavelength. Wireless systems frequently use meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm) to represent this length (mm).
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assume that the readings on the thermometers are normally distributed with a mean of and standard deviation of 1.00c. a thermometer is randomly selected and tested. draw a sketch and find the temperature reading corresponding to , the percentile. this is the temperature reading separating the bottom from the top
Bell-shaped diagram with a diminishing shade and an upper-half z-score. X is the raw score, is the population average, and is the average standard deviation. The formula for computing a z-score is z = (x-)/.
What is the value of 1's z-score?A result that deviates by one standards deviation from the average is indicated by a Z-score of 1.0. Z-scores can either be positively or negatively, with a positive sign indicating that the score is higher than the mean as well as a negative value indicating that the score is below the mean.
The z-equivalent score's is what?You may calculate the z-score by first dividing the raw score, or relevant data point, by the population's standard deviation, and then removing the population mean from that result: z = x - μ
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Calculate the time t for the pencil to hit the ground, assuming that it falls from standing perfectly vertical and maintains this angular acceleration.
The angular acceleration when the pencil is 10° from the vertical is 17 rad/s². The time for the pencil to hit the ground is 0.43 s.
Look at the attachment for the complete question. The weight of the pencil is in the middle of it. When the pencil has an angle of 10.0° from the vertical
The force that applies is the weight force.When the pencil hit the ground
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You add equal amounts of heat to two identical cylinders containing equal amounts of the same ideal gas. Cylinder A is allowed to expand, while cylinder B is not.
Part A How do the temperature changes of the two cylinders compare?
The two cylinders will experience the same temperature change.
Cylinder A will experience a greater temperature change.
Cylinder B will experience a greater temperature change.
The temperature changes of the two cylinders is compared as; Cylinder A will experience a greater temperature change.
"the second statement is the correct answer."
What is Charles law?
Charles' law states that the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided that pressure of the gas is kept constant.
Mathematically, the formula of Charles law is given as;
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
where;
V₁ is the initial volume of the gasV₂ is the final volume of the gasT₁ is the initial temperature of the gasT₂ is the final temperature of the gasfrom the formula given above, when the temperature of the gas increases, the volume of the gas increases as well. Also when the temperature of the gas decreases, the volume of the gas decreases as well.
Thus, from the Charles, when the cylinder A expands, the temperature changes increases and the cylinder B does not expand, there will be no temperature changes.
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what type of vision allows the eyes to detect color? group of answer choices scotopic vision photopic vision both niether
The type of vision that allows the eyes to detect color is photopic because it contains rods which is sensitive to colors.
Because the prefix "tri" denotes three and the root "chroma" denotes colour, the term "trichromatic" describes something that has three colours. The retina has three different colour receptors, in accordance with the trichromatic hypothesis of colour vision. Color vision is provided by the cones in the retina.The cones are sensitive to the shades of green, blue, and red, according to this theory. When these colours are blended, eyes can distinguish between millions of different colours. The original proponents of this idea were Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz. Thomas Young was the first to propose that the human eye contains three colour receptors: short, medium, and long, each of which is sensitive to a different range of light wavelengths.
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at the moment a roller coaster reaches the bottom of its loop, in what direction is the centripetal acceleration pointed?
At the very top and very bottom of the loop, the majority of the acceleration is concentrated in the direction that is oriented toward the center of the circle.
The term "centripetal force" refers to a force that is exerted on a body that is traveling in a circular direction and is directed toward the center around which the body is moving.
The acceleration caused by centripetal force always points in the direction of the circle's center. Because the centripetal acceleration is directed upward at the base of the circle, riders get a sensation of being heavier than their actual weight at this point. Because it points down at the top of the circle, riders are given the impression that they weigh less than they really do.
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consider position b, and then solve the following problem. assume the angle to the vertical line for position b is 45 degrees. now also assume that the main muscle that holds the arm in position is the deltoid muscle, represented by a red arrow. the angle of the deltoid muscle is 15 degrees and its distance to the center of rotation is 17 cm. if the cog for the arm is 38 cm from the center of rotation, and its weight is 35 n, what is the force that the deltoid muscle must exert to keep the arm stationary in 45 degrees position?
The amount of Force required by the deltoid muscle to maintain the arm still in the 45-degree position 131.33 N.
How much pressure is applied to the forearm by the biceps muscle?As a result, the weight being supported is 7.38 times heavier than the force being applied by the biceps. The angle between the forearm and upper arm in the biceps muscle illustration above is 90°.
Calculation:
Force = 35N
Distance = 17 m
degree of angle = 45
F = Mass × acceleration
35 N = Mass × 9.8
Mass = 35 / 9.8
Mass = 3.57
considering position b at angle 45W = F ×d × cos∅
W = 35 × 17 × cos45°
W = 35 ₓ 17ₓ 0.70
W = 416.5 joule
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what force does the water exert (in addition to that due to the atmospheric pressure) on a submarine
The water that is displaced produces buoyancy, an upward force. As opposed to gravity, which would pull the ship downward, buoyancy acts in the opposite manner.
When the mass of water that the submarine displaces (pushes out of the way) equals the mass of the boat, the submarine (or any boat) can float. The deeper surface is under more pressure. The important thing to keep in mind is that regardless of the depth of the submerged submarine is at, the pressure differential between higher and lower surfaces is always the same since water is incompressible (for all practical purposes here). You mentioned a push, and that contributes to the net buoyancy. To overcome its buoyancy, the submarine must allow water into its ballast chambers. The submarine will need to make modifications while below, adding or "blowing" ballast water to make up for changes in the water's density brought on by temperature or salinity changes, in order to maintain constant depth.
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in a certain experiment, a radio transmitter emits sinusoidal electromagnetic waves of frequency 105.0 mhz in opposite directions inside a narrow cavity with reflectors at both ends, causing a standing wave pattern to occur. part a how far apart are the nodal planes of the magnetic field? express your answer in meters. templatessymbols undoredoresetkeyboard shortcutshelp nothing m request answer part b if the standing wave pattern is determined to be in its eighth harmonic, how long is the cavity?
As a result, the hollow is 10.90 meters long and the distance between the nodal planes is 1.36 meters.
Explain electromagnetic waves.The oscillations between an electric field and a magnetic field produce waves known as electromagnetic waves, or EM waves.
By definition, we understand that the frequency equals,
f = c/λ
where,
λ = wavelength
c= Speed of light
λ = 2L / n
While the wavelength is equal to,
Where,
L = Length
n = Number of antinodes/nodes
PART A) We know that the first component's wavelength is 110 MHz, so
λ = c/ f
λ = 3*10^8 / 11*10^6
λ = 1.36m
Therefore the distance between the nodal planes is 1.36m
PART B) For this part we need to find the Length through the number of nodes (8) and the wavelength, that is,
λ` = 2l /n
L = 8*2.72/ 2
L = 10.90m
Therefore the length of the cavity is 10.90m.
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If a hydrogen atom were enlarged to be 2 mi wide, what size would the single proton in its nucleus be?
About the size of a city block
About the size of a stadium
About the size of a golf ball
When hydrogen atoms were enlarged to be 2 miles wide, the size of protons in the nucleus will be the size of a golf ball.
What are Atoms?
An atom is a unit of matter that specifically characterizes a chemical element. One or more negatively charged electrons surround the core nucleus of an atom, which is made up of all of them. One or more protons and neutrons, which are comparatively heavy particles, can be found in the positively charged nucleus.
What are Protons?
The nucleus of an atom is made up of neutrons and protons, two extremely small subatomic particles. More protons (and neutrons) are found in heavier atoms. The lightest element, hydrogen, has a single proton in its nucleus.
Calculations:
1 miles = 1.6 × [tex]10^{3}[/tex] m
Standard diameter size of an atom = 2.4 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex]
Standard diameter size of a proton = 1.68 × [tex]10^{-15}[/tex]
Given,
Diameter of atom = 2 miles = 2 (1.6 × 10³ m) = 3.2 × 10³ m
Thus,
3.2 × 10³ m / 2.4 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex]m = 1.34 × [tex]10^{13}[/tex]
Hence, the increased size of the proton = 1.68 × [tex]10^{-15}[/tex] × 1.34 × [tex]10^{13}[/tex] = 2.24 × [tex]10^{-2}[/tex]m. Nearly about the size of a golf ball.
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two metal spheres connected by a metal rod stand on plastic supports. initially the spheres and metal rod do not hold any charge. a charged plastic rod with q (q>0) is placed near the sphere on the right without touching it. then, the metal rod connecting the spheres is removed. finally, the initially charged plastic rod is taken away. at this point: a. spheres attract one another b. spheres repel one another c. spheres do not exert a force on one another d. not enough information
When two metal spheres joined by a metal rod stand on supports made of plastic, the spheres are drawn to one another.
Option a is correct
What occurs when a negatively charged rod comes into contact with a metal sphere?When a negative rod is introduced close to an uncharged metal sphere, the electrons in the sphere are forced to travel to the opposite side of the sphere from the side that is closest to the rod.
What happens if two metallic spheres come in contact?When the two conducting spheres are brought close enough to contact, it appears as though they merge into a single, large conductor, and the combined charge of the two spheres is distributed evenly throughout their whole surface. until the spheres have been separated once more.
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How does the wavelength of infrared compared with the wavelength of?
According to the electromagnetic spectrum, ultraviolet light has wavelengths from 10 nm to 400 nm and infrared light from 750 nm to 1 mm.
This means that infrared light has a longer wavelength than ultraviolet light.
We know the relation between wavelength and frequency as λ = c / f
where, λ is the wavelength
c is the speed of light
f is the frequency
The above equation tells us that frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength. In other words, if the wavelength increases, frequency decreases.
As infrared light has a longer wavelength than ultraviolet light, infrared has a lower frequency than ultraviolet rays.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is how do the wavelength and frequency of infrared light compare to the wavelength and frequency of ultraviolet light?
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which method of measuring distances would you use if you wanted to measure the distance to stars in a nearby galaxy?
parallax To calculate the distances to nearby stars, astronomers employ a phenomenon known as parallax.A apparent relocation of an object due to a change in the writer's point of view is known as parallax.The closest star is Alpha Centauri.
How does NASA calculate the length of a spacecraft?Lightyears.A lightyear, or the distance light travels in a year (about 9.5 trillion km), is a unit of measurement used to describe distance in space.
Which of the following is the most effective way to calculate how far away a star is?Trigonometric parallax, also known as star parallax, is a technique used by astronomers to calculate the distances of nearby celestial objects.
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a 100-turn loop antenna of radius 20 cm operating at 10 mhz in air is to give a 50 mv/m field strength at a distance 3 m from the loop. determine (a) the current that must be fed to the antenna (b) the average power radiated by the antenna
a) I₀ = 90.71 μA
b) Prad = 0.25mW
a) To find the current that must be fed to the antenna,
λ = c/f
λ = 3 X 10 ⁸/ 100 X 10 ⁶
λ = 3 m
Emax = ηπI₀S/ r λ²
I₀ = Emax r λ²/ ηπS
I₀ = 50 X 10 ⁻³X 3 X3²/ 120 η (0.2) ² X 100
I₀ = 90.71μA
b) The average power radiated by antenna,
Rrad = 320π⁴S/ λ⁴
= 60.77 KΩ
Prad = 1/2 I₀Rrad
Prad = 0.25mW
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how does the difference between the ranges of the strong nuclear force and the coulomb force affect the makeup of each atom’s nucleus?
Because the coulomb force has a wider field of influence and heavier atoms have more neutrons than protons.
Strong nuclear force :
The strong nuclear force is represented by the force that holds protons and neutrons in atoms' nuclei. the things that are heavier than an atom of hydrogen. the center of the fusion of hydrogen and helium in the sun. The strong interaction, commonly referred to as the strong nuclear force, constrains quarks into proton, neutron, and other hadron particles. Neutrons and protons are held together to form atomic nuclei by the nuclear force, often known as the strong interaction. Heavier atoms have more neutrons than protons because the Coulomb force's range is larger. Protons and neutrons are joined together to form atomic nuclei by the nuclear force, also referred to as the strong interaction.
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Based on what you know about how fossils are created, rank the following organisms based on the likelihood that they would be preserved in the fossil record.
1. Jellyfish
2. Plant Leaf
3. Coyote
4. Fish
5. Clam
The order is : Leaf, clam, coyote, fish, jellyfish
The study of fossils of plant life of the geologic past is called paleobotany. Paleobotany tells us the story of preserved vestiges of the plant life of the past. In simplified language paleobotany may be defined as a branch of botany which deals with the study of such plants which are living in past but extinct now.The study of dead remains of the organism or their imprints preserved in the geological rocks is called fossil.Fossils are used to study organisms present in the past. They are present in rocks. Now they are required to be dug out. Normally the plant dies and it degeneration starts immediately. This degeneration remains continue till the entire body is broken into chemical compounds. Thus no evidences of its former remain in existence. But sometimes under certain circumstances the degeneration of plant body stops. Thus parts of the body remain in visible form. These remains are known as fossils. These fossils are lifeless.To know more about fossils visit:
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suppose a particle called a kaon is created by cosmic radiation striking the atmosphere. it moves by you at 0.980c and it lives 1.24 x 10-8 s when at rest relative to an observer. how long does it live as you observe it?
In relation to an observer, it takes 2.3727*10^-8 seconds at rest. to exist as you see it. Because cosmic radiation that strikes the atmosphere produces a particle known as a kaon.
Radiation from space is one natural source of radiation. High-energy charged particles, x-rays, and gamma rays are all components of cosmic radiation, which are created in space. The earth receives secondary radiation that is created when charged particles interact with the atmosphere. The stars, including our own sun, emit cosmic radiation. A particle is a small, localized item that can have many physical or chemical qualities, such as volume, density, or mass. The term particle—or corpuscule in older texts—is used in the physical sciences. The size or number of them varies widely.
T = t/(1-(v^2/c^2)
^1/2 = 1.375*10^-8/0.5795
T = 2.3727*10^-8sec
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a monochromatic light beam is incident on a barium target that has a work function of 2.50 ev. if a potential difference of 1.00 v is required to turn back all the ejected electrons, what is the wavelength of the light beam?
The wavelength of the monochromatic ligh beam in this case was found to be 497nm
what is monochromatic light ?
Monochromatic lights are single-wavelength lights, with mono denoting single and chroma denoting colour. Monochromatic lights are visible light with a small band of wavelengths. It has a wavelength in the short wavelength region. These lights are characterised by their intensity or brightness, colour, propagation direction, and polarisation condition.
Monochromatic Light's Source and Applications
The LASER is a well-known source of monochromatic light. The acronym LASER stands for Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission Of Radiation. A laser light is produced by a single atomic transition with a single wavelength, resulting in a monochromatic light beam.
work function = 2.50 eV
V0 = 1.00 eV (the stopping potential.)
Electron charge, e = 1.6 x 10^-19 C
Light speed, c = 3 x 10^8 m/s
h = 6.63 10^-34 Js = 4.14 10^-15 eVs (Planck's constant.
The photoelectric equation of Einstein is provided by:
= E - ϕ ——- (1) represents the greatest kinetic energy.
E is the absorbed photons' energy: E = hf
is the surface's work function: ϕ = hf₀
The potential difference necessary to return all expelled electrons is known as the Stopping Potential (V0).
——-
(2) is substituted for (1)
eV₀ = E - ϕ
1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ x 1 = E - 2.50
E = 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ + 2.50
E = 2.50 eV
E = hf = hc/λ
λ = (4.14 × 10⁻¹⁵ × 3 x 10⁸) / 2.50
λ = 1240 × 10⁻⁹ / 2.50
λ = 496.8 × 10⁻⁹ m
λ = 497 × 10⁻⁹ m
λ = 497 nm
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a 550 kg satellite is in a circular orbit at an altitude of 400 km above the earth's surface. because of air friction, the satellite eventually falls to the earth's surface, where it hits the ground with a speed of 2.20 km/s. how much energy was transformed into internal energy by means of air friction?
The energy was transformed into internal energy by means of air friction is equal to 1.2789 × 10⁹J.
What is the law of conservation of energy?According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can be transformed from one to another but it is not possible to create or destroy it. Energy happens in nature in various forms such as heat, chemical energy, electricity, nuclear energy, and so on.
The sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy before and after are equal.
PE₁ + KE₁ = PE₂ + KE₂ + Qₙ
where Qₙ is the heat energy.
The kinetic energy at the initial stage is zero.
PE₁ = PE₂ + KE₂ + Qₙ
[tex]\displaystyle -(\fracGMm}{R+h} ) =-(\frac{GMm}{R} ) +\frac{1}{2}mv^2 +Q_f[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle Q_f = (\frac{GMm}{R} ) - (\frac{GMm}{R+h} ) -\frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle Q_f = {6.67\times 10^{-11}\times 5.98\times 10^{24}\times 550}[(\frac{1}{6.371 \times 10^6} ) - (\frac{1}{6.371 \times 10^6 +400\times 10^3} )] -\frac{1}{2}(550)(2200)^2[/tex]
Heat energy = 1.2789 × 10⁹J
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