how does each region of the leaf contributes to the task of photosynthesis?

The motor proteins that move along the cytoskeleton's microtubules are called kinesins. Actin, on the other hand, dissociates from myosin II, the head group, following each power stroke. As a result, the first option is the one that is correct.

Motor proteins with the ability to actively move along actin filaments and microtubules, respectively, are myosin and kinesin.

One of the two main groups of motor proteins that travel along the cytoskeleton's microtubules is kinesins. The two head groups of the kinesin molecule cooperate to move down the microtubule. One head binds to actin as the other moves; the first head then releases actin while the second head binds.

Myosin II, on the other hand, has a head group that functions independently and actin that dissociates after each power stroke.

As a result, the first option is the one that is true.

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the answer is dystrophin

as dystrophin is protein found in cytoplasma

Explanation: In individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), there is a mutation in the gene that codes for the protein dystrophin. Dystrophin is an essential protein involved in maintaining the structural integrity of muscle fibers. The mutation in the DMD gene results in the absence or severely reduced production of functional dystrophin protein.

As a result, without the production of dystrophin, the muscles in individuals with DMD gradually weaken and degenerate over time. This leads to progressive muscle weakness, difficulty in movement, and other associated symptoms of the disorder.

Answer:

I would say D

Explanation:

A law is saying WHAT is happening

A theory is saying WHY it is happening

Answer: D. A proven, universal truth that states what happens

Explanation:

In general, a scientific law is the description of an observed phenomenon. It doesn't explain why the phenomenon exists or what causes it. Laws have not had any contradicting observations.

The parts of a chloroplast are the inner membrane, outer membrane, intermembrane space, thylakoid membrane, stroma and lamella.

Chlorophyll is the green pigment found within the thylakoid membrane.

Cristae are found on the inner membraine of mitochondria in the cell cytoplasm.

Answer - Option 1 - cristae

As we know an heterotroph is an organism that obtains it energetic input from an external source

Answer:

Histamine ✨

Explanation:

Histamine is a compound released from cells. This histamine release is usually in response allergic and inflammatory reactions and injuries.

Histamine causes the contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries when released.

Tissues in the human body refers to a group a similar cells working together to perform a common function. They have similar structures and work as a unit. It is made up of specialized cells grouped together depending on its structures and functions. It is the one that makes up the organs and the other parts of the body.

Answer - c. a group a similar cells working together to perform a common function

Tissues are known to be a group or number of cells functioning together to perform an activity. Therefore, according to the question, tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a common function.

A cell is the structural and functional unit of life. A number of similar cells give rise to tissue. In human body, there are various organs that are made up of a number of tissues.

Tissues in human body are made to perform various function such as - any kind of movement. Humans being multicellular, has different kinds of tissues.

A number of tissues makes up an organ that is specified in performing one activity.

A number of organs make up an organ system and then group of organ system forms an organism.  A tissue is responsible for the specific function of an organ.

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To label the structures and functions of the immune response in the figure, we can start by identifying the cells:

Structures:

a- Antigen;

b- immune cell - most cases naive B-cell;

c- immune cell - activated can be a B-cell or T-cell;

d- Epitopo of the antigen;

e- Antigen in direct contact with the immune cell

f- Immune cell in direct contact with the antigen;

g- Epitopo for antigen identification;

h- Immune cell - activated and that can determinated the antigen and kill it - T-cell (antibodies).

Functions:

a - pathogen, the cell responsible to cause the disease;

b - immune cell that identify the antigen;

c - immune cell that can act and find the antigen in the body;

d and g - proteic structure that act like an ID or presentation card for the cells;

e and f - the cellular contact with the pathogen;

h - cells that are responsible to deal with the pathogen and protect the body.

The body systems that match with the correct organelle are: (A) integumentary system: cell membrane; (C) digestive system: lysosome; (D) nervous system: nucleus; and (E) respiratory system: mitochondria.

Lysosome is the single membrane cell organelle that acts as the digestive system of the cell. It does so because it not only helps in the digestion of food particles, but also digests the foreign invaders so that the cell can protected from any kind of infections.

Nucleus is a cluster of neurons in the nervous system. Neurons are the cells that are basic unit of nervous system. Each neuron structure consists of cell body, with dendrites emerging from it. A long axon extends which has axon terminal at the end.

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The enzyme catalase is in charge of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, a molecule that is toxic for the cell. This enzyme transforms hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2), two elements non-toxic and necessary for cells. It is found on the peroxisomes of all cells and it is very important mainly on blood cells.

To answer this question we needd to remember how meny ATP, NAD and FAD are produced on each step of cellular respiration, so the account is a follows:

Glycolisis, 2ATP, 2NADH = 6ATP

Aerobic phase (krebs cycle, Acetil CoA), 4ATP, 2FADH, 8NADH= 32 ATP

Now we must remember that in glycolysis we spent 2ATP so the net production of the whole process is 38 ATP minus 2 ATP, which gives us 36ATP.

Therefore we can say that the correct answer is option C as 38 ATP are produced in total.

Over the course of 45 years the moth population would change by colour because of the effects of Industrial Revolution. This is due to the effects of air pollution reffered to as industrial melanism. During this period, there was an increased in the population of dark-coloured moths. As an effect, the pale-colored moths were extra detectable to predators.

A random molecular movement generates kinetic energy. Light and sound are not necessarily neither kinetic energy nor potential energy. Both can become kinetic energy if the right medium is used. Heat is another term for thermal energy and it can also produce kinetic energy if the right medium is used. The energy in chemical bonds is potential energy. If the bonds are broken down, the energy released will become kinetic energy.

ANSWER: D. The energy in chemical bonds

The defense system of the body

The skin is a non-specific barrier because it protects the body from non-especific pathogen agents, covering a major diversity of possible disease carriers.

Answer:

B and C are the answers for this question

Answer: c

Explanation:

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer

Cerebrum, forebrain

Explanation

The cerebrum, the largest part of the human brain, is associated with higher order functioning. The structures in the forebrain include the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, limbic system, and the olfactory bulb.

Carbohydrates are broken down during cellular respiration and also release energy.

No, it is impossible for them to have type B blood.

Cellular respiration is a way where the food that we consumed is being converted to energy out of sugar which is in the form of glucose. The organism is combining the oxygen with the food and diverting the energy and discarding carbon dioxide and water as its waste products. It occurs in the mitochondria of an animal or plant organisms. The overall goal of cellular respiration is to break down the sugar in the form of glucose with oxygen in order to release energy (ATP). ATP is the energy that the body can use for energy.

We have to consider that almost all the human body cells contain 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of them because they are diploid cells, in other words, they contain 2 loads of chromosomes (2n), each from each parent. Whilst, we know that gamete cells, such as sperm and ovules have a only load of these chromosomes (n), in humans each gamete has 23 pairs of chromosomes, as we can see in the first answer option. This leads that, after fertilization, the process of

The flexor muscles are muscles that bend joints while extensor muscles are muscles that straighten these joints. These muscles are connected to the bone by tendons. Ligaments do not connect muscles to the bone, instead, it connects bones to another bone. Flexor and extensor are what you call antagonistic muscle pairs that oppose the function of each other.

Examples of flexor-extensor pairs in the body are the biceps and triceps, quadriceps and hamstrings, pectorals and trapezius, gluteus maximus and hip flexors, and tibialis anterior and extensor hallicus longus.

Movement of each pair:

• biceps and triceps ,(located in the arms) - Biceps are muscles that contract bends the elbow towards the body, while triceps will relax the muscles or straighten them.

• quadriceps and hamstrings, (located in the knees area) - Quadriceps bends and hamstrings straightens. It helps you bend your knee.

• pectorals and trapezius, (located in the chest to shoulders area) - The pair will move the arms towards the body and away from the body. It gives us the ability to swim. The pectorals are major muscles of the chest area that can both extend and bend since it is joined in with two different heads. The trapezius is located at the upper back area to the shoulders of the body and aids the pectorals in the extension and bending of the arms.

• gluteus maximus and hip flexors, (located in the hip area) - It is important for standing, walking, and staying upright. Gluteus maximus is the major muscle in the thigh that straightens the lower limbs. Hip flexors are a collection of flexor muscles that bend the thigh forward.

• Tibialis anterior and extensor hallicus longus ,(located in the foot) - The tibialis anterior flexes the ankle away from the foot while the extensor hallicus longus bends the foot upward towards the body.

Kudzu as an autotroph means that produces its own food (any inputo of energy is actueal food), in this case through photosynthesis, thanks to chlorophyll it captures light from the sun and along with CO₂produces the needed glucose to sustain energetic input in the cells. Another factor is the soil from which obtains nitrogen phosphorus and other minerals necessary to maintain cell function.

DNA is being denature with high temperature application. DNA's hydrogen bonds are disrupted by heat. The DNA flexibility is being boosted by heat thereby resulting to a condense folding of DNA chain (double-stranded). Due to this effect of destabilizing the DNA, the DNA duplex is entirely detached. Although DNA replication also requires heating, high temperatures (melting point) will greatly impact its replication. DNA extracted will give increase yield at lower temperature than in high temperature. Enzymes involved in DNA replication are affected by temperature. It can be denatured at high temperature and its actions will slow down at low temperature.

Great white sharks are considered as the largest predatory fish. It is a eukaryote. It possess a true nucleus and the other membrane-bound organelles are present. It is composed of many cells with a nucleus and organells which is a characteristic of a eukaryotic organisms. Its nucleus stores the genetic information. Organisms with complex structures such as a great white shark is a eukaryote.

A prokaryotes lacks a nucleus and other organelles and divided into bacteria and archaea.

The correct answer are leeches, polychaeta and earthworms. All of these are segmented worms.

If you add only cytosines instead of dNTPs, this means hat the sequencing would stop after tfilling all the terminal cytosines because it cannot add the other nucleotides needed, so you would end with fragments of different sizes, all of them ending in Cytosine (option d would be correct).

Kudzu is a leafy vine. Its scientific name is Pueraria montana. It was introduced in the U.S. from Japan and China in the decade of 1930 to prevent soil erosion. As it doesn't have predators, it grows and spreads easily in the country. It is woody and it has approximately 60 feet, growing in each season. Its leaves are large and has three broad leaflets, with hairy margins. The flowers are purple and the seed pots are flat and hairy. Kudzu has been studied to understand its many possible benefits to human health, as it is traditionaly used in its place of origin to treat menopausal symptoms, alcoholism, diabetes, fever, among other conditions. It became an invasive species due to the lack of predator, causing harm to many environments where it has spreaded.

The correct answer is MESOZOIC ERA

The Mesozoic era (middle life) is known as the age of dinosaurs in whcih they evolved from earlier reptiles in order to fill the niches on land, water, and in the air. This era was also where the mammals evolved but were in small size. Flowering plants also start to appear.