Free radicals produced during biochemical reactions can serve as carcinogens if they are not neutralized by: Antioxidants.
Antioxidants are molecules that can neutralize free radicals produced during biochemical reactions. They work by donating an electron to the free radical, thus neutralizing its reactivity. AntioxidantsAntioxidants are molecules that can effectively neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals. These free radicals are produced during biochemical reactions, and can cause damage to cells and DNA if left unchecked.
Antioxidants work by donating an electron to the free radical, thus neutralizing its reactivity and preventing it from causing further damage, such as a carcinogenic reaction. Antioxidants are found in many fruits and vegetables, as well as in supplements, and are essential for maintaining good health. Therefore, it is important to ensure that you are getting enough antioxidants in your diet in order to neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals.
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A 355 ml soda can is 6. 2 cm in diameter and has a mass of 20 g. Such a soda can half full of water is floating upright in water.
The length of the can which above the water level that has 6.2cm diameter and a mass of 20g is 5.22cm (using density of water 1000 kg/m^3)
What is density?It is the substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ and the value of water density that will be used at the question here is 1000 kg/m^3.
This question is incomplete, The complete question is as follows :
"A 355 ml soda can is 6. 2 cm in diameter and has a mass of 20 g. Such a soda can half full of water is floating upright in water. What length of the can is above the water level?"
How to calculate the length of the can which above the water level that has 20g as mass and 6.2cm as diameter (using 1000 kg/m^3 as density of water)?
V = volume of the can = 355ml = 0.355 L = 0.355 * 10^-3 m^3
r = radius of the can = d/2 = 0.062 / 2 = 0.031m
ρ = density of water = 1000 kg/m³
Mc = mass of the can = 20g = 0.020kg
m = mass of water inside can
= ρ * V / 2
= 1000 * (0.355 * 10^-3) / 2
m = 0.1775 kg
Now, let's use the equilibrium of force in vertical direction
Force of buoyancy = weight of can + weight of water inside the can
ρ * V * g - Mc * g + m*g
ρ * (π * r² * h) = Mc + m
1000 * 3.14 * 0.031² * h = 0.020 + 0.1775
3.01754 * h = 0.1975
h = 0.06545m
L = length of can
Volume of can is
V = π * r² * L
0.355 * 10^-3 = 3.14 * 0.031² * L
L = 0.117645m
L' = length of can above water
to calculate length of can above water
L' = L - h
= 0.117645 - 0.06545
= 0.052195m
= 5.22cm (rounded)
Therefore, the length of the can which above the water is 5.22cm.
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How do you predict polar covalent bonds?
A polar covalent bond is when atoms with different electronegativities share electrons in a covalent bond.
In polar covalent bonds, the molecules with some polarity will be formed.
for example HCl.
HCl is polar covalent compound as the chloride ion is more electronegative than hydrogen ion.
Covalent character is shown by HCl as the atoms of hydrogen and chlorine share their electrons with each other.
Chloride ion carries partial negative character whereas, hydrogen carries partial positive character.
Also, water molecule is a polar covalent molecule.
It is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen.
The electrons are unequally shared, as oxygen atom spending more time with electrons than the hydrogen atoms due to the electronegativity difference of atoms.
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balance the equation with the correct coefficients
C₂H2 +
O2 →
CO₂ +
H₂O
Answer: 2C2H2 + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O
Explanation:
Hydrogen gas reacts with fluorine gas to produce hydrogen fluorine gas. Write the chemical equation.
The chemical equation [tex]H_2(g) + F_2(g)[/tex] → [tex]2HF(g)[/tex]
What is chemical equation?
Chemical equations are symbolic representations of chemical reactions that express the reactants and products in terms of their chemical formulae.
Each of the symbols of the associated reactants and products has a coefficient assigned to it. The coefficients of entities in a chemical equation are the exact value of that entity's stoichiometric number.
The symbol (s) represents a solid state entity.
The symbol (l) represents an entity's liquid condition.
The symbol (g) indicates that the entity is gaseous.
The chemical equation [tex]H_2(g) + F_2(g)[/tex] → [tex]2HF(g)[/tex]
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calcium metal crystallizes in fcc lattice unit cell. the density of the solid is 1.54 g/cm^3. what is the radius of a calcium atom
The radius of a calcium atom is 1.97 x 10^-8 cm.
What is lattice energy?
Lattice energy is the amount of energy needed to change one mole of an ionic solid into its gaseous ionic components. It can also be described as the amount of energy required to endothermically split one mole of an ionic crystal into gaseous ions in a vacuum.
What is radius?
The atomic radius is determined by measuring the distance between an atom's nucleus and its outermost shell.
Mass of 4 Ca atoms in fcc unit cell = 4 x 40.08/6.023 x 10^23
= 2.66 x 10^-22 g/unit cell
Volume of unit cell = 2.66 x 10^-22/1.54
= 1.73 x 10^-22 cm^3
Edge length (d) = cube rt.(1.73 x 10^-22)
= 5.57 x 10^-8 cm
radius of calcium atom = 5.57 x 10^-8/(sq.rt.(8))
= 1.97 x 10^-8 cm
Therefore, the radius of a calcium atom is 1.97 x 10^-8 cm.
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Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible. (True or False)
The given statement about pressure is true as per the Henry's law.
Liquids and solids showcase nearly no alternate of solubility with modifications in strain. Gases as is probably expected, growth in solubility with an growth in strain. Henry's Law states that: The solubility of a fueloline in a liquid is immediately proportional to the strain of that fueloline above the surface of the solution. External pressure has little or no impact at the solubility of drinks and solids. In contrast, the solubility of gases will increase because the partial stress of the fueloline above an answer will increase.
Therefore, the given statement is true.
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draw the structure of the carbocation intermediate that leads to the indicated products in this reaction.
The two carbocation intermediates' structures could result from the reaction of 2-methyl-2-butene with HBr.
A species known as a carbocation is one in which a molecule's carbon atom has less than eight protons and a positive formal charge. It is frequently thought of as an intermediary in different reaction pathways. From tertiary to secondary to primary, carbocations lose stability.
The top structure is created when the hydrogen from HBr (explicitly depicted) is linked to the secondary carbon that was previously carrying the double bond. As a result, a tertiary carbocation will occur. The bottom structure, where the tertiary carbon contains the hydrogen and charges the secondary carbon positively, is the less stable intermediate.
Hence, tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary and primary.
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α and β rays consist of particles, whereas γ rays are high-energy radiation and contain no particles and thus they have no mass. Given that the penetrating power decreases with mass, rank the rays according to their penetrating power. Rank the components from strongest penetrating power to weakest penetrating power.
Therefore, the following is the order of penetrating power:
The most powerful penetrating force is gamma () rays.
Between gamma and alpha rays are beta() rays.
Alpha(a) rays have the lowest penetrating power.
What is penetrating power ?
The penetration power of each form of radiation describes how well it may penetrate solid objects. The radiation's penetration power increases with the amount of material it can penetrate, making them more harmful.
Gamma rays is a photon, and it is a ray, while alpha and beta are particles. The least invasive particles are alpha rays. A sheet of paper or a few inches of air will stop them. Next are beta particles. A metal sheet can be used to halt them. The penetration power is greatest among the three for gamma rays. Lead or concrete piled several feet high will simply make them weaker.
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a current of 5.34 a is passed through a ni(no3)2 solution. how long, in hours, would this current have to be applied to plate out 8.10 g of nickel?
0.054 hr current have to be applied to plate out 8.10 g of nickel.
Electrochemistry is the branch of bodily chemistry concerned with the relationship between electric ability distinction, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical alternate, with the capability distinction as an final results of a specific chemical trade, or vice versa.
Electrochemistry is the observe of electron motion in an oxidation or reduction reaction at a polarized electrode floor. each analyte is oxidized or reduced at a particular capability and the current measured is proportional to attention. This method is a powerful method closer to bioanalysis.
Calculation:-
m = Zit
t = m/Zi
= 8.10/28× 5.34
= 0.054 hr
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If the bond angle between two adjacent hybrid orbitals is 120°, which is the hybridization?
A. sp3d2
B. sp
C. sp3
D. sp2
The hybridization, or sp2 hybridization, is indicated if the connection angle between the two neighboring hybrid orbitals is 120 degrees.
What is hybridization, in your opinion?The process of hybridization is the mixing of orbitals that share the same energy state to create an equal number of new hybrid orbitals. This mixing usually produces hybrid orbitals with completely distinct energies, geometries, etc.
What does SP3, SP2, and sp3 hybridization entail?Sp hybridization happens whenever an orbital with an's' and a 'p' join. Additionally, the result of the combination of one's' and three 'p' orbitals is sp2 hybridization. Finally, sp3 hybridization will occur when one's' and three 'p' orbitals join.
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1. silicon is a(n) 2. the smallest piece of silicon still retaining the characteristics of silicon is called a(n) 3. silica is a(n) 4. the smallest piece of silica still retaining the characteristics of silica is called a(n) 5. quartz is a(n) 6. granite is a(n) 7. elements are defined based on the number of 8. in general, an unbalanced atom is called a(n) 9. specifically, an atom that has gained electrons is called a(n)
The overall charge of an ion is determined by how many electrons it has gained or lost. A negative overall charge results from an atom gaining electrons.
When electrons are obtained, what happens?Atoms that lose an electron change into positive ions, often known as cations. Atoms transform into negative ions, or anions, when they pick up electrons.
How are the acquired electrons located?If the charge is negative, the atomic number is increased by the charge. If it's negative, the ion has picked up electrons. The total number of electrons can be calculated by multiplying the atomic number by the charge. Protons are less numerous than electrons in this instance.
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were there any observed color changes during the course of your diels-alder reaction? based purely upon this observation and the color of your isolated product, were you successful in isolating hexaphenylbenzene or dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylphthalate?
No, there were no observed color changes during the Diels-Alder reaction and isolation of the products hexaphenylbenzene or dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylphthalate were not able to be done.
Based on the color of the isolated product, it is not possible to determine whether the reaction was successful in isolating hexaphenylbenzene or dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylphthalate. This is because these two compounds have very similar colors, both being yellow solids.
The isolated product was a yellow solid. Based on this observation, it is not possible to determine whether hexaphenylbenzene or dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylphthalate was isolated. Both compounds are yellow solids and the color of the product does not provide enough information to determine which was isolated. To accurately identify the product, additional analytical techniques such as NMR or IR spectroscopy should be used.
To conclusively determine which compound was produced, it would be necessary to perform a chemical analysis of the product. This could include techniques such as spectroscopy, chromatography, or melting point analysis.
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When 535) of heat is added to 8.5g of cooking oil at 22°C, the temperature increases to 79°C. What is the specific heat
of the cooking oil?
When 535) of heat is added to 8.5g of cooking oil at 22°C, the temperature increases to 79°C, 0.797 J/g°C is the specific heat of the cooking oil.
What is specific heat?The amount of heat needed to increase a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius in one gram, also known as specific heat.
According to the definition, a material's specific heat capacity is normally calculated by measuring the heat capacity of a sample of the substance, commonly using a calorimeter, and dividing by the sample's mass.
Given that,
Heat absorbed (Q) = 535 J
Mass = 8.5 gm
Change in temperature (ΔT) = 79°C
Now, Specific heat (S) is given by the formula:
S = Q/(m × ΔT)
or, S = 535 J/ (8.5 gm × 79°C)
or, S = 0.797 J/g°C.
Thus, 0.797 J/g°C is the specific heat of the cooking oil.
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If the bond angle between two adjacent hybrid orbitals is 120°, which is the hybridization?
a. sp3d2
b. sp
c. sp3
d. sp2
The bond angle between two adjacent hybrid orbitals is 120°, the hybridization is d. sp2.
The new set of hybrid orbitals creates trigonal structures, growing a molecular geometry of a hundred and twenty degreesThe accurate solution is a hundred and twenty degree. The sp2 s p 2 hybridization corresponds to a trigonal planar geometry and the bond attitude for this geometry is a hundred and twenty degree.
The geometry of the sp2 hybrid orbitals is trigonal planar, with the lobes of the orbitals pointing in the direction of the corners of a triangle. The attitude among any of the hybrid orbital lobes is a hundred and twenty°.aggregate of s and p orbital fashioned in trigonal symmetry and is maintained at 1200.
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A solution is saturated in co2 gas and kno3 at room temperature. What happens when the solution is warmed to 75oc?.
When a saturated solution is warmed to 75 degree C then the solubility of the solution decreases because the solubility of gas decreases with increase with temperature.
When a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved under the condition at which the solution exists. This explains the saturated saturated solution. A solution can reach a status of saturation. When a solution is saturated with CO₂ gas and KNO₃ has its temperature increased above the room temperature to about 75°C the solubility of the gas CO₂ will decrease. because the solubility of gas in a solution decreases with an increase in temperature while the solubility of a solid increases with increase in temperature. A saturated solution is a chemical solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent. The additional solute will not dissolve in a saturated solution.
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Express Ksp in terms of molar solubility, x, for a salt with a formula of
AB(s) K_sp =
AB2(s) K_sp =
AB(s) K_sp =
A3Bz(s) K_sp =
The solubility product is the equilibrium constant for the dissolution in a substance.
We know that the molar solubility of the salt x
For the salt AB(s) ⇄ A^+(aq) + B^-(aq)
[ A^+] = [B^-] = x
Ksp = [ A^+] [B^-] = x^2
For the salt AB2(s) ⇄ A^+(aq) + 2B^-(aq)
Ksp = [ A^+] [2B^-]^2 = [ x] [2x]^2 =4x^3
For the salt AB3(s) ⇄ A^+(aq) + 3B^-(aq)
Ksp = [ A^+] [3B^-]^3 = [ x] [3x]^3 = 27x^4
For the salt A3B2(s) ⇄ A^+(aq) + 3B^-(aq)
Ksp = [ 3A^+] [2B^-]^3 = [ 3x]^3 [2x]^2 = 108x^5
What is equilibrium constant?
The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, the state to which a dynamic chemical system approaches after a sufficient period of time when its composition has no measurable tendency to change further.To know more about equilibrium constant, click the link given below:
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nitrogen monoxide is produced by combustion in an automobile engine. what volume of nitrogen dioxide is produced when 12.0 liters of nitrogen monoxide react according to the following reaction? (all gases are at the same temperature and pressure.)
41.2 litres of Nitrogen dioxide will be produced.
28.9g NO x (1 mol NO / 30.01g NO) = 0.963 mol NO
0.963 mol NO x (1 mol O2 / 1 mol NO) = 0.963 mol O2
0.963 mol O2 x (31.98g O2 / 1 mol O2) = 30.8g O2
30.8 grams of oxygen gas are required for the complete reaction of the 28.9 grams of nitrogen monoxide.
Charles' law states that the volume of a given gas sample under constant pressure is precisely proportional to its absolute temperature. Boyle's law states that, for a given amount of gas and constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure.
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if a central atom has 6 equivalent bonds to other atoms and no extra lone pairs of electrons, then the shape of the molecule is said to be
An atom with 6 bonds without a lone pair of electrons gives an octahedral molecular shape using the VSEPR rules.
What is VSPER Theory?
Based on the number of valence shell electron bond pairs between the atoms in a molecule or ion, the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) hypothesis is a model used to predict 3-D molecular shape. According to this hypothesis, electron pairs will position themselves to reduce the consequences of their mutual repulsion. The electron pairs are, in other words, as far apart as they can be.
For forecasting and visualising molecular structures, utilise the VSEPR model. Linear, trigonal planar, angled, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, disphenoidal (seesaw), t-shaped, octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar, and pentagonal bipyramidal are the different types of structures.
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Thermal energy moves from an area of. Matter to an area of matter
Answer:
Convection- the answer to the question
www
5.
Which of the following best
describes a coefficient?
never change. Leia
a. The number in front of the symbol.
b. The number that is changed to balance
an equation.
c. The small numbers within the reaction that
e
d. Both A & B
Coefficient: A number placed in front of a formula to balance a chemical equation or The number in front of the symbol.
What is the quick answer to coefficient?A coefficient is an integer that is either multiplied by the variable it is associated with or written alongside the variable. A coefficient is the numerical factor of a term that contains both constants and variables. the coefficient in the expression 2x is 2.
What various coefficients are there?In mathematics, numerical coefficients and literal coefficients are the two main types of coefficients that are used. Both a numerical and literal coefficient: The number being multiplied by the variable is the numerical coefficient (s).
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What gas occupies 22.4 at STP?
One mole of hydrogen molecules at S.T.P occupies 22.4 L volume.
To comparing various gas characteristics, standard temperature and pressure (STP) is a helpful set of reference conditions. Gases have a volume of 22.4 L per mole at STP. The ideal gas law may be used to calculate gas densities. The ideal gas law equation's variable "R" is referred to as the "gas constant." A constant number is always equal to the product of the pressure times the volume of a gas divided by the number of moles and the gas's temperature. The units that the temperature, pressure, and volume are expressed in determine the constant's numerical value.
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complete the given reaction which is part of the electron transport chain. the abbreviation q represents coenzyme q. use this abbreviation for the product.
The given reaction which is part of the electron transport chain. the abbreviation q represents coenzyme q. use this abbreviation for the product is FADH₂ + Q --> FAD + QH₂
The complete reaction for the electron transport chain is given as follows :
FADH₂ + Q --> FAD + QH₂
in this reaction the reactant coenzyme Q is donating the electron and acts as a oxidizing agent and itself reduce. while FADH₂ is oxidized and it acts as a reducing agent. as we know the loss of the electron is called as oxidation and the gain of the electrons is called as the reduction.
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. saccharin (c7h5no3s) is sometimes dispensed in tablet form. ten tablets with a total mass of 0.5894 g were dissolved in water. this solution was then oxidized to convert all the sulfur to sulfate ion, which was precipitated by adding an excess of barium chloride solution. the mass of baso4 obtained was 0.5032 g. what is the average mass of saccharin per tablet? what is the average mass percent of saccharin in the tablets?
The moles are literally the molar mass of a solute and has the moles of solute and solvent of this solution as the average mass percent of saccharin in the tablets is 69%.
The sulfur (S) is oxidized to sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻). All the SO₄²⁻ ions are brought about with BaCl₂ answer withinside the shape of BaSO₄ (s).
The response is as follows-
BaCl₂ (aq) + SO₄²⁻ (aq) → BaSO₄ (s) + 2Cl⁻So, this shows that after 1 mol of Saccharin (C₇H₅NO₃S) is dissolved, then 1 mol of BaSO₄ is brought about.The quantity of moles of C₇H₅NO₃S is same to the quantity of moles of BaSO₄.The quantity of moles of BaSO₄ = (mass of BaSO₄ obtained) / (molecular mass of BaSO₄) = (0.5032 g) / (233.39 g/mol) = 0.0022 molesSo, The quantity of moles of C₇H₅NO₃S = 0.0022 molesMass of Saccharin (C₇H₅NO₃S) = (quantity of moles of C₇H₅NO₃S) × (molecular mass of C₇H₅NO₃S) = (0.0022 moles) × (183.18 g/mol) = 0.403 gThe common mass percent of Saccharin (C₇H₅NO₃S) in drugs may be decided by-[(mass of C₇H₅NO₃S) / (mass of tablets)] × 100 % = [ (0.403 g) / (0.5894 g) ] × 100 % = 68.37 %68.37n be rounded off as 69 %So, the common mass percent of Saccharin (C₇H₅NO₃S) in drugs is 69 %.Read more about mass;
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the hydrogen gas is collected over water at 25oc. the volume of gas is 246 ml measured at 1 atm. calculate the number of grams of na used in the reaction. (vapor pressure of water
The number of grams of Na used in the reaction is 0.44grams.
Which is mass?The amount of matter in an object is measured by its mass. The sum of an object's atoms, their density, and the types that make up those atoms together make up its mass.
Given information,
Molar mass = 22.99
2Na + 2H₂O ⟶ 2NaOH + H₂
P total = 1atm
PH₂O = 0.0313atm
T = 25°C
V = 246ml
The ideal gas law can be used to determine the moles of hydrogen,
pV = nRT
Determine the hydrogen partial pressure.
P total = PH₂+PH₂O
1 = PH₂ + 0.0313
PH₂ = 0.9687atm.
Calculate the volume in litres,
V = 246 mL = 0.246 L
Change the degree to kelvins,
T = (25.0 + 273.15) K = 298.15 K
Determine the hydrogen moles,
0.9687×0.246 = n × 0.08206×298.15
n = 0.2383/24.47
n = 0.009740 mol.
Moles of Na,
There is a 2 mol molar ratio. 1 mol Na: H2
Moles of Na = 0.009740 moles of H₂ × 2mol of Na/1 mol H₂
Moles of Na = 0.01948 mol.
Mass of Na = 0.01948 moles of Na × 22.99g of Na/1 mol of H₂
Mass of Na = 0.44grams.
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Complete question is " A piece of sodium metal reacts completely with water as follows: 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) ⟶ 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) The hydrogen gas generated is collected over water at 25.0°C. The volume of the gas is 246 mL measured at 1.00 atm. Calculate the number of grams of sodium used in the reaction. (Vapor pressure of water at 25°C = 0.0313 atm)".
a nuclear fission chain reaction where uranium-235 is bombarded with neutrons produces barium142, krypton-91 and which other type of product?
A nuclear fission chain reaction of uranium-235 is bombarded with neutrons and produces barium142, krypton-91, and three neutrons.
What is a nuclear chain reaction?In nuclear physics, a nuclear chain reaction takes place when one single nuclear reaction causes an average of subsequent nuclear reactions, thus leading to the possibility of a self-propagating series of these reactions. The specific nuclear reaction can be defined as the fission of heavy isotopes (e.g., uranium-235, ²³⁵U).
Fission chain reactions take place due to interactions between neutrons and fissile isotopes (such as ²³⁵U). The chain reaction needs both the emit of neutrons from fissile isotopes undergoing nuclear fission and the absorption of some of these neutrons in fissile isotopes.
[tex]^{235}U +\;^1n_0 \longrightarrow \; ^{141}Ba_{56} +^{92}Kr_{36} +3^1n_0 +\;Energy[/tex]
Therefore, three neutrons produce along with Barium 142, Krypton-91.
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When a highly reactive metal, such as magnesium (mg), is mixed with a reactive nonmetal such as sulfur (s), the two elements will most likely combine to form a new substance, magnesium sulfide (mgs).
when a highly reactive metal such as magnesium is mixed with a reactive nonmetal such as sulfur, the two elements will most likely combine to form a new substance, magnesium sulfide (Mgs). This type of reaction is called a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction occurs when the atoms of the reactant elements rearrange to form new substances with different chemical properties. The resulting substance, magnesium sulfide, has different chemical properties than the reactants, magnesium and sulfur. For example, magnesium sulfide is a solid at room temperature, while both magnesium and sulfur are solids at room temperature. Additionally, magnesium sulfide is not very reactive, while both magnesium and sulfur are highly reactive elements. These differences in chemical properties are a result of the chemical reaction between the two elements.
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Which of the following is a carbon sink?
A. Humans
B.Oceans
C.Burning fossil fuels
D.Livestock
Answer:
B.Oceans
Explanation:
Carbon is stored on our planet in the following major sinks (1) as organic molecules in living and dead organisms found in the biosphere; (2) as the gas carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; (3) as organic matter in soils; (4) in the lithosphere as fossil fuels and sedimentary rock deposits such as limestone, dolomite and ...
The ocean soil and also forests are one of the worlds largest carbon sinks
so the answer is B.Oceans
a sample of phosphoric acid (h3po4) weighing 2.80 g is dissolved in 150.0 ml of 1.00 m naoh. calculate the molar concentrations of sodium ion, hydroxide ion, and phosphate ion after the reaction is complete
The molar concentrations of sodium ion, hydroxide ion, and phosphate ion after the reaction is complete is :
1) [Na] = = 1 M
2) [PO₄] = 0.191 M
3) [OH] = 0.428 M
The balanced equation is given as :
3NaOH + H₃PO₄ ----> Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O
volume of NaOH = 150 mL = 0.150 L
molarity of NaOH = 1 M
moles of NaOH = molarity × volume
= 1 × 0.150
= 0.150 mol
moles of H₃PO₄ = mass / molar mass
= 2.80 / 97.99
= 0.0286 mol
1) [Na] = 0.150 mol / 0.150 L = 1 M
2) [PO₄] = 0.0286 mol/ 0.150 L = 0.191 M
3) [OH] = 0.150 mol - 3(0.0286 mol) = 0.0642 mol
[OH] = moles / volume
= 0.0642 / 0.150
= 0.428 M
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Classify the following phase changes as endothermic or exothermic.
1) liquid to solid
2) solid to liquid
3) gas to liquid
4) solid to gas
5) liquid to gas
6) gas to solid
1)liquid to solid-exothermic process
2) solid to liquid-endothermic process
3) gas to liquid-exothermic process
4) solid to gas-endothermic process
5) liquid to gas-endothermic process
6) gas to solid-exothermic process
Exothermic Reaction -It refers to a transformation in which a closed system releases energy (heat) to its surroundings, as expressed by. When the transformation occurs at constant pressure and without the exchange of electrical energy, heat Q equals the enthalpy change.
Exothermic reactions are those that produce energy. When bonds are formed in the products, more energy is released than is used to break the bonds in the reactants in exothermic reactions. Endothermic reactions are those that absorb (or use) energy.
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answer the following regarding the six criteria pollutants: (5)a. what are common sources of the pollutants? (5)b. what limits have been established for these pollutant in ambient air under naaqs? (20)c. briefly describe the control techniques for each of the six pollutants?
Common sources of the pollutant are factories. The control techniques for each of the six pollutants.
People can be exposed to dangerous air pollutant that pose health risks in a variety of ways, including ingesting contaminated air. consuming contaminated foods, such as tainted meat, milk, or eggs, contaminated produce grown in polluted soil where air toxics have been deposited, and infected fruits and vegetables. contaminated water from dangerous air pollution, Consuming poisonous soil. Young children are especially vulnerable since they regularly put objects in their mouths or absorb soil from their hands. Exposing your skin to contaminated dirt, dust, or water (for example, during recreational use of contaminated water bodies). The two primary categories of pollution sources are point sources and nonpoint sources. Point sources—small, distinguishable sources of pollution—include factories, mines, power plants, refineries, and wastewater treatment facilities. Nonpoint sources are those that are distributed over a wide geographic area, such a watershed. Nonpoint sources can also include mobility sources like cars, buses, and trains. While each of these are single point sources, their total effects are spread across a vast area because they are all moving.
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