Answer: Joules (J)
Explanation:
Answer:
Joules or Newton metre
Explanation:
Work = Force × distance
Force = kgm/s² (Newton)
×
Distance = m
= kgm²/s² (Newton metre or Joules) (Nm or J)
Determine the percentage by mass of each element in the following compounds. (Round your answers to one decimal place.)(a)ammonia, NH3N:____%H:_____%(b)washing soda, Na2CO3Na:____%C:_____%O:_____%
To determine the mass percentage of each element in the compounds, we are going to use the following formula:
[tex]\%\text{ m/m = }\frac{mass\text{ of the element}}{mass\text{ of the compound}}*100[/tex]In the case of the last element of each compound, we are going to make the subtraction of 100% minus the addition of the other elements.
We are going to assume that we have 1 mole of every substance.
First, we have to determine the molecular weight of each substance:
a. NH3
[tex]M.W\text{ NH}_3\text{ = 14+1*3 = 17 g/mol}[/tex]If we have 1 mole of ammonia, then we have 17 g. Then, we can calculate the nitrogen mass percentage as follows:
[tex]\%\text{ m/m N = }\frac{14\text{ g }}{17\text{ g}}\text{ *100}=\text{ 82.4}\%\text{ }[/tex]Then, we make the subtraction to determine the hydrogen percentage:
[tex]\%m/m\text{ H = 100-82.4 = 17.6\%}[/tex]Then, the answer is that the nitrogen mass percentage equals 82.4% and the hydrogen one is 17.6%
b. Na2CO3
We repeat the same steps that we did with the ammonia.
[tex]M.W\text{ Na}_2CO_3\text{ = 23*2+12+16*3= 106 g/mol }[/tex][tex]\%\text{ m/m Na = }\frac{46\text{ g }}{106\text{ g}}*100=\text{ 43.4 \%}[/tex][tex]\%\text{ m/m C = }\frac{12\text{ g}}{106\text{ g }}*100\text{ = 11.3\%}[/tex][tex]\%m/m\text{ O= 100-\lparen11.3+43.4\rparen=45.3\%}[/tex]Then, the answer is that the sodium mass percentage equals 43.4%, the carbon is 11.3%, and the oxygen one is 45.3%
I have attached an image with all of the information.
Explanation:
For reactants: BE 2CH2OH = 2*(3*414+351+460) = 4106kJ/mol
: BE 3O2 = 3*499 = 1497kJ/mol
For products: BE 2CO2 = 2*799 = 1598kJ/mol
: BE 4H2O = 4*2*460 = 3680kJ/mol
[tex]\begin{gathered} BE\text{ = Sum}_{reactants}\text{ - Sum}_{products} \\ \\ \text{ = 4106+1497-\lparen1598+3680\rparen} \\ \\ \text{ = 325kJ/mol} \end{gathered}[/tex]Answer:
Bond energy is 325kJ/mol
What mass of oxygen will be produced from the decomposition of 25.5g of potassium chlorate?
Answer
9.987 grams of O2
Explanation
Given:
Mass of potassium chlorate that decomposed = 25.5 g
What to find:
The mass of oxygen produced.
Solution:
The first step is to write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂
From the equation; 2 moles of KClO₃ produced 3 moles of O₂
1 mole KClO₃ = 122.55 g/mol and 1 mole O₂ = 31.998 g/mol
This implies (2 mol x 122.55 g/mol) = 245.1 g of KClO₃ produced (3 mol x 31.998 g/mol) = 95.994 g of O₂
Therefore, 25.5 g of KClO₃ will produce
[tex]\frac{25.5\text{ }g\text{ }KClO_3}{245.1\text{ }g\text{ }KClO_3}\times95.994\text{ }g\text{ }O_2=9.987\text{ }g\text{ }O_2[/tex]Therefore, the mass of oxygen produced is 9.987 grams
calculate the percent of chlorine in sodium chloride
The molar mass of sodium chloride is 58.44 g/mol.
The molar mass of chlorine is 35.45 g/mol.
To find the percent, divide the molar masses.
[tex]\frac{35.45}{58.44}\approx0.61\times100\%=61\%[/tex]Therefore, the percent of chlorine is 61%.
The phase diagram of a substance is given below. This substance is a __ at 10 °C and 1 atm.
The phase diagram of a substance is given below. This substance is a solid at 10 °C and 1 atm.
When a material switches from one state of matter to another, a phase transition takes place. Matter exists in three basic states: liquid, solid, and gas. The many phases of a material are shown on a phase diagram using numerous variables, most frequently temperature and pressure. The figure may be used to illustrate how altering these factors impacts a substance's state of matter.
The fusion (melting or freezing) curve, which depicts the change from a liquid to a solid state. The curve that depicts the change from a gaseous to a liquid state is called the vaporization (or condensation) curve. The sublimation (or deposition) curve depicts the change from a gaseous to a solid state.
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If the pressure of a gas sample is increases 4x and the absolute temperature remains the same, by what factor does the volume of the sample change?A. 1/4B. 02C. 1/2D. 08
Answer:
The factor of change is 1/4.
Explanation:
Since in this case we have a constant temperature, the changes in the pressure will affect the volume like the Boyle's Law formula explains:
[tex]\begin{gathered} P_1*V_1=P_2*V_2 \\ \end{gathered}[/tex]To find the change of the sample volume, let's replace the initial pressure (P1) with A, and let's increase the pressure (P2) 4x:
[tex]\begin{gathered} P_1*V_1=P_2*V_2 \\ A*V_1=(A*4)*V_2 \\ \frac{A*V_1}{A*4}=V_2 \\ \frac{1}{4}V_1=V_2 \end{gathered}[/tex]So, the factor of change is 1/4.
An objects heat capacity depends on which of the following?
___ Mass (quantity) of the object
___ Shape
___ Magnitude of the temperature change
___ Composition
After swimming in the pool on a very hot day, Sarah had a glass of ice water. Over time, the water on her skin evaporated, and the ice cubes melted in the glass. Howmany states of water existed in this scenario?A. 3B. 1C. 4D. 2
3 states
Explanations:Matter can exist in three forms namely;
• Solid state
,• Liquid state
,• Gaseous state
From the given scenario, water is known to exist as ice cubes (which is the solid state). Also since the water Aon her skin evaporated the water changed to steam (gaseous state) in this case.
Also note that the ice cubes melted in the glass. This melted ice changes to liquid ,at this point. Therefore, we can conclude that the water in the scenario exists in three forms (Liquid, Solid and Gas).
Which of the following chemical equations violates the law of conservation of mass?
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is not created nor destroyed, it is just transforms.
A chemical reaction satisfies this law if the same amount of each element is present in both sides of the equation.
By looking at the choices, it can be observed that in the third choices, 1 sulfate ion is reacting and 2 sulfate ions are being produced. This violates the law of conservation of mass because if 1 sulfate ion reacts, 1 sulfate ion must be produced.
It means that the correct answer is the third choice.
An aqueous solution (water is the solvent) of a KCl compound ( l = 2 ) boils at 102.5 degrees celcius. What is the molality (m) of the solution? Assume that the pure water boils at 100 degrees celcius.
Explanation
Given:
i = 2
boiling point of water = 100 'C
KCl boiling point = 102.5 'C
Required: Molality (m) of the solution
Solution
DT = i x Kb x m
DT = 102.5-100 = 2.5 'C
DT = i x Kb x m
2.5 = 2 x 0.512 x m
2.5 = 1.024m
molality = 2.44 m
Answer
Molality = 2.44 m
How many moles of KNO3, should be used to prepare 0.70 L of a 0.560 M solution?
Answer:
0.392 moles of KNO3.
Explanation:
To find the moles of a solute based on the volume and concentration of a solution, we use the following formula:
[tex]Molarity\text{ \lparen M\rparen=}\frac{mole\text{s of solute}}{liter\text{s of solution}}=\frac{mo\text{l }}{L}.[/tex]The given data is: molarity = 0.560 M and volume (liters of solution) = 0.70 L. So, let's solve for 'moles of solute' and replace the values that we have. The solute in this case, would be KNO3:
[tex]\begin{gathered} mole\text{s of solute=Molarity \lparen M\rparen}\cdot liter\text{s of solution} \\ mole\text{s of KNO}_3\text{=0.560M}\cdot0.70\text{ L = 0.392 moles KNO}_3. \end{gathered}[/tex]We're going to use 0.392 moles of KNO3 to prepare 0.70 L of a 0.560 M solution.
In a storage area of a hospital where the temperature has reached 55 °C, the pressure of oxygen gas in a 15.0-L steel cylinder is 965 Torr.What is the final pressure, in millimeters of mercury, when the temperature of the oxygen gas drops to 24 °C, and the volume and the amount of the gas do not change?
Answer:
[tex]873.80\text{ mmHg}[/tex]Explanation:
Here, we want to get the final pressure
From the pressure law, volume and temperature are directly proportinal
Mathematically:
[tex]\frac{P_1}{T_1}\text{ = }\frac{P_2}{T_2}[/tex]Where:
P1 is the initial pressure which is 965 torr
P2 is ?
T1 is the initial temperature which we convert to Kelvin by adding 273 K(55 + 273 = 328 k
T2 is the final temperature which is 24 + 273 = 297 K
Substituting the values, we have it that:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{965}{328}\text{ = }\frac{P_2}{297} \\ \\ P_2\text{ = }\frac{297\times965}{328}\text{ = 873.80 torr} \end{gathered}[/tex]Now, we convert this to mmHg
Mathematically, 1 torr = 1 mmHg
We have the final pressure as 873.80 mmHg
Consider the density data in
the table at right.
Trial #
1
The sample is thought to be
silver, density = 10.49 g/cm³.
What is the range of the data? Average
2
3
Density
(g/cm³)
10.34
10.58
10.62
10.51
10.51 (g/cm³) is the Average Density of the given data.
Average Density = 10.34+10.58+10.62+10.51÷4
Average Density=42.05/4
Average Density=10.51
Density is defined as a material substance's mass per unit volume. Density is described by the equation d = M/V, where d stands for density, M for mass, and V for volume. Grams per cubic centimeter is the unit of measurement for density.
For instance, compared to Earth's density of 5.51 grams, water has a density of 1 grams per cubic centimeter. Another way to express density is in kilograms per cubic meter (in meter-kilogram-second or SI units)
It is easy to determine the relationship between mass and volume using density. For instance, the formula for determining a body's mass is M = Vd, while the formula for determining a body's volume is V = M/d.
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In the reaction below, what is the limiting reactant when 1.24 moles NH of reacts with 1.79 moles of NO?
To identify the limiting reactant, we use the coefficients of the reaction:
As you can see, we have 1.79 moles of NO, but we need 1.86 moles of NO according to the reaction. For this reason, NO is the limiting reactant since we need more than what we have.
What is the empirical formula of P4O6?
The empirical formulas refer to the formulas where the ratios are the simplest, while the molecular formula shows the number of each type of atom.
In this case, we have a molecular formula and we just have to simplify the number to get the empirical formula. Divide each number by 2.
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{4}{2}=2 \\ \frac{6}{2}=3 \end{gathered}[/tex]Therefore, the empirical formula is
[tex]P_2O_3[/tex]An atom of which of the following elements has the greatest ability to attract electrons? Select one: a. sulfur b. nitrogen c. silicon d. chlorine
Explanation:
Electronegativity corresponds to the ability of the nucleus of an atom to attract the electrons involved in a chemical bond.
Elements belonging to the same period (same row) of the Periodic Table, we will see that electronegativity increases from left to right.
Elements belonging to the same group (same column), electronegativity increases from bottom to top.
The element among sulfur, nitrogen, silicon and chlorine that has the higher eletronegativity is chlorine.
Answer: d. chlorine
My work gave me 12.3. Please walk me through how you would approach this problem so I can see where I went wrong.
In this question, we have HClO4 and KOH being mixed together and then a final pH being calculated, one way of doing this calculation is by finding out how many moles are being equivalent to each other and how many we have left divided by the total volume, so lets work on that:
HClO4 = 0.200 (volume) * 0.180 (concentration) = 0.036 moles
KOH = 0.270 ( concentration) * 0.150 (volume) = 0.0405
Total volume will be = 0.150+0.200 = 0.350 L
Now we can do the next calculation
(0.036 - 0.0405)/0.350
0.0128
This final value will be placed in the pH formula, which is:
pH = -log [H+]
pH = -log [0.0128]
pH = 1.89, letter D
How much heat energy would be needed to raise the temperature of a 15.0 g sample of iron [Specific Heat = 0.448 J/(g°C)] from 22.0°C to 100.0°C?1. 524J2. 11J3. 249J4. 8495. 201J
Answer:
[tex]524\text{ J}[/tex]Explanation:
Here, we want to get the amount of heat energy needed
Mathematically:
[tex]Q\text{ = mc}\Delta T[/tex]where:
Q is the amount of energy that we want to calculate
m is the mass of the iron sample which is 15 g
c is the specific heat capacity which is 0.448 J/g°C
ΔT is the change in temperature which is (100-22) = 78°C
Substituting the values, we have it as:
[tex]Q\text{ = 15 }\times\text{ 0.448 }\times\text{ 78 = 524.16 J}[/tex]use the elements of the periodic table to help you identify the number of valence for each of these elements 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, or 8carbon (C) 1Chlorine (Cl) 2Neon (Ne) 3Calcium (Ca) 4Oxygen (O) 5 6 7 8
Answer:
Explanation:
Here, we want to get the valence electron number for each of the listed elements
The number of valence electrons is used to put elements into groups
Thus, an element will have 1 valence electron if it belongs to group 1
Now, let us get the valence electrons for each of the listed elements
Carbon C has 6 valence electrons
Chlorine Cl has 7 valence electrons
Neon Ne has 8 valence electrons
Calcium Ca has 2 valence electrons
Oxygen O has 6 valence electrons
Kindly note that we do not count the d-block when checking for the number of valence electrons. After the second group, we skip the next 10 (the transition metals) and count the next group, starting from Boron as 3, in that sequence
If you have 4.2x10^28 Zn (zinc) atoms, how many moles of zinc do you have?
We can find the number of moles of a compound based on their number of atoms using Avogadro's number which says that there are 6.022 x 10^(23) atoms in 1 mol.
[tex]4.2\cdot10^{28}atoms\text{ Zn}\cdot\frac{1\text{ mol Zn}}{6.022\cdot10^{23}atoms\text{ Zn}}=69744.27\text{ moles Zn.}[/tex]The answer is that there are 69744.27 moles of zinc in 4.2 x 10^(28) atoms of zinc.
The question is in the image. If you think the question has an incorrect answer selected, then select the correct answer. Furthermore, if you can try to explain why the answer is correct and/or incorrect, I will also leave attached a text that may help you answer the question.
Compared to the normal freezing and boiling point of water, adding sugar to water will result in:
D. Lower freezing point and higher boiling point.
The chosen answer is the correct one.
This is explained as follows:
When we add sugar to water we form a solution, water molecules sorroud sugar molecules interacting with them electrostatically, this results in less interaction between water molecules and a lower amount of energy needed for them to maintain their freedom, so they will stay in liquid state at lower temperatures.
On the other hand, when we take the solution to its boiling point we will see that it is higher than that of pure water. This happens because the interaction between water and sugar molecules makes it harder for water molecules to escape the liquid phase, increasing the boiling temperature.
Which uses energy directly from the sun to produce electricity?A.Biomass powerB.Coal powerC.Solar powerD.Nuclear power
Explanation:
In solar power we use the radiation from the sun to produce electricity.
Answer: C. Solar power
The energy source that uses energy directly from the sun to produce electricity is solar power. The correct answer is option C.
Energy refers to the capacity or ability to do work or cause change. It is a scalar quantity that can be transferred or converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
Solar power is generated by converting sunlight into electrical energy using solar panels or photovoltaic cells. These cells are made up of layers of silicon that absorb sunlight and convert it into an electrical current.
The energy produced by solar power is clean, renewable, and does not produce any harmful emissions or waste products.
In conclusion, solar power is the energy source that uses energy directly from the sun to produce electricity. Option C is the correct answer.
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Determine the mass in grams of 3.06x10^21 atoms of arsenic.
To determine the mass of the number of atoms, the first step is to convert this number of atoms to moles using Avogadro's number:
[tex]3.06\times10^{21}atoms\cdot\frac{1molAs}{6.022\times10^{22}atoms}=0.051molAs[/tex]Convert this amount of moles to grams using the molecular weight of Arsenic:
[tex]0.051molAs\cdot\frac{74.9g}{1molAs}=3.8199g[/tex]It means that the answer is 3.8199g.
In which of the following would the particles be moving faster? A. ice at -20 °C B. water at 20°CC. steam at 110°CD. boiling water
ANSWER
Option C
EXPLANATION
The collision between particles of substance increases with an increase in the temperature.
Recall, that matter exists in three states which are;
solid
liquid
gas
The particles will move faster is gas because the intermolecular force binding the particles together is very weak and therefore, the collision between the particles are very fast
Therefore, the particles of steam at 110 degrees Celcius will move faster
Option C is correct
convert 12 liters to barrels
Answer:
12 liters is equal to 0.075 barrels.
Explanation:
To convert liters into barrels, it is necessary to use the following conversions:
- 1 barrel = 42 gallons
- 1 liter = 0.264 gallons
We have to write each conversion as a quotient:
[tex]12L*\frac{0.264gallons}{1L}*\frac{1barrel}{42gallons}=0.075barrels[/tex]We must write each conversion in a way that the liters cancel out, then the gallons cancel out in order to obtain the result in barrels.
So, 12 liters is equal to 0.075 barrels.
A closed container contains a volume V of gas, composed of a mixture of 2 moles of O2 and 3 moles of CO2. The total pressure inside the container is 900 mm Hg. The container is at a temperature of 37⁰C? 1. Calculate PO2 and PCO2, the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in the gas mixture. 2. Calculate the density of the gas mixture. 3. A quantity of water is introduced into the container, keeping the same quantity of gas, as before, above the water. The container is fitted with a piston, which is positioned so that the gaseous phase occupies a volume V′ and the total pressure of this gaseous phase above the water is maintained at 900 mm Hg. what is the difference between the gaseous phases in the two situations?
We have a closed container, so the number of moles remains constant.
Now, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures. And the partial pressure of a gas will depend on its molar fraction, that is, the moles of the gas over the total moles. So the partial pressure is defined as:
[tex]P_i=\frac{n_i}{n_T}P_T[/tex]Where,
Pi is the partial pressure of the gas
ni, are the moles of the corresponding gas
nT, are the total moles
Pt is the total pressure.
1. Partial pressures of O2 and CO2
[tex]\begin{gathered} P_{O2}=\frac{2molO_2}{2molO_2+3molCO_2}\times900mmHg \\ P_{O2}=360mmHg \end{gathered}[/tex][tex]\begin{gathered} P_{CO2}=\frac{3molCO_2}{2molO_2+3molCO_2}\times900mmHg \\ P_{CO2}=540mmHg \end{gathered}[/tex]Answer: PO2=360mmHg
PCO2=540mmHg
2. Now, the density will depend of the number of moles and the volume. We can calculate the volume of the gases with the ideal gas equation that says:
[tex]\begin{gathered} PV=nRT \\ V=\frac{nRT}{P} \end{gathered}[/tex]For each gas we will have:
O2
PO2=340mmHg=0.45atm
T=37°C=310.15K
R is a constant = 0.08206 (atm.L)/(mol.K)
nO2=2mol
massO2=2mol x MolarMass = 2 mol x 31.998g/mol=63.996g
[tex]V_{O2}=\frac{2mol\times0.08206\frac{atm.L}{mol.K}\times310.15K}{0.45atm}=113.1L[/tex][tex]DensityO_2=\frac{Mass}{Volume}=\frac{63.996g}{113.1L}=0.57g/L[/tex]CO2
PCO2=540mmHg=0.71atm
T=37°C=310.15K
R is a constant = 0.08206 (atm.L)/(mol.K)
nCO2=3mol
massCO2=3mol x MolarMass = 3 mol x 44.01g/mol=132.03g
[tex]V_{CO2}=\frac{3mol\times0.08206\times\frac{atm}{mol}\times310.15K}{0.71atm}=107.5L[/tex][tex]DensityO_2=\frac{Mass}{Volume}=\frac{132.03g}{107.5L}=1.23g/L[/tex]Answer:
Density O2=0.57g/L
Density CO2 = 1.23g/L
3. In the second situation, what will happen is that the partial pressure of the gases will decrease, since due to the pressure exerted by the piston, part of the moles of gas will dissolve in the water. So in the gas phase we will have fewer moles of gas.
2NaOH + H2504 ® Na2504 + 2H20What is the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide to water?
Given the balanced equation :
• 2,NaOH + H2S04 → Na2S04 + ,2,H20
2 : 1 :1 :2
We can see that 2 moles of NaOH produces 2 moles of H20
The ratio is 2: 2 which is the same as 1: 1 , because for every mole of NaOH , an equal amount of moles for water will be produced.what is the electron configuration of Ni2+? How many valence electrons does this ion have?
Nickel has 28 electrons, its electron configuration is:
[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^8[/tex]Ni2+ has lost 2 electrons, which means that the resulting configuration would be:
[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^6[/tex]Nevertheless, since 4s electrons are further from the nucleus, they are lost resulting in a more stable ion, then, the actual configuration of Ni2+ is:
[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^8[/tex]It means that this ion has 16 valence electrons.
How many moles are there in 5.0grams of calcium bromide?
ANSWER
EXPLANATION
Given information
The mass of calcium bromide is 5.0 grams
Follow the steps below to find the mole of calcium bromide
Step1: Write the formula for calculating mole
[tex]\text{ Mole = }\frac{mass}{molar\text{ mass}}[/tex]Recall, that the molar mass of calcium bromide is 199.89 g/mol
Step 2: Substitute the given data into the formula in step 1
[tex]undefined[/tex]Why does an increased temperature cause a reaction to occur faster?A. It does not. The increased temperature causes the particles to spread out and collide less.B. The increased temperature makes the molecules more loosely attached so they can switch atoms more easily.C. The increased kinetic energy causes the particles to move faster, causing more collisions.D. The increased potential energy in the particles means less energy is needed from the environment for the activation energy.
Answer
C. The increased kinetic energy causes the particles to move faster, causing more collisions.
Explanation
An increased temperature typically causes a reaction to occur faster by raising the average kinetic energy of the reactant molecules.
Therefore, a greater proportion of molecules will have the minimum energy necessary for an effective collision.
The correct answer is option C. The increased kinetic energy causes the particles to move faster, causing more collisions.