AlCl3 has a higher charge density which makes the polarization to be high. Therefore AlCl3 has a higher covalent character (stronger bonding).
Covalent character and cationic size are indirectly related to each other. When the size of a cation is smaller, the covalent character would be higher.
In MgCl2, the cation is Mg^2+ and in AlCl3, the cation is Al^3+. The size of Mg^2+ is larger when compared to the size of Al^3+. That is why the covalent character of AlCl3 is larger.
Determine the mass in grams of 3.06x10^21 atoms of arsenic.
To determine the mass of the number of atoms, the first step is to convert this number of atoms to moles using Avogadro's number:
[tex]3.06\times10^{21}atoms\cdot\frac{1molAs}{6.022\times10^{22}atoms}=0.051molAs[/tex]Convert this amount of moles to grams using the molecular weight of Arsenic:
[tex]0.051molAs\cdot\frac{74.9g}{1molAs}=3.8199g[/tex]It means that the answer is 3.8199g.
7.0 g of nitrogen is reacted with 5.0 g of hydrogen to produce ammonia according to the chemical equation shown below. Which one of the following statements is false? N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)options:3.5 g of hydrogen are left overAll of them are falseHydrogen is the excess reactant.Nitrogen is the limiting reactant.The theoretical yield of ammonia is 15 g.
Step 1
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) (must be balanced)
The limiting reactant
Data needed:
The molar mass:
For N2) 28 g/mol
For H2) 2 g/mol
For NH3) 17 g/mol
Procedure:
28 g N2 ------ 3 x 2 g H2
7.0 g N2------- X = 1.5 g H2
According to this, for 7.0 g N2, 1.5 g H2 is needed to react, but 5.0 g is provided. Therefore, H2 is the excess, and N2 is the limiting reactant
1.5 g of H2 is reacted, so 5.0 g - 1.5 g= 3.5 g are leftover
------------------
Step 2
The theoretical yield.
Procedure:
28 g N2 ------ 2 x 17 g NH3
7.0 g N2------ X = 8.5 g NH3
Answer: The theoretical yield of ammonia is 15 g. FALSE
In which of the following would the particles be moving faster? A. ice at -20 °C B. water at 20°CC. steam at 110°CD. boiling water
ANSWER
Option C
EXPLANATION
The collision between particles of substance increases with an increase in the temperature.
Recall, that matter exists in three states which are;
solid
liquid
gas
The particles will move faster is gas because the intermolecular force binding the particles together is very weak and therefore, the collision between the particles are very fast
Therefore, the particles of steam at 110 degrees Celcius will move faster
Option C is correct
In the reaction below, what is the limiting reactant when 1.24 moles NH of reacts with 1.79 moles of NO?
To identify the limiting reactant, we use the coefficients of the reaction:
As you can see, we have 1.79 moles of NO, but we need 1.86 moles of NO according to the reaction. For this reason, NO is the limiting reactant since we need more than what we have.
Consider the density data in
the table at right.
Trial #
1
The sample is thought to be
silver, density = 10.49 g/cm³.
What is the range of the data? Average
2
3
Density
(g/cm³)
10.34
10.58
10.62
10.51
10.51 (g/cm³) is the Average Density of the given data.
Average Density = 10.34+10.58+10.62+10.51÷4
Average Density=42.05/4
Average Density=10.51
Density is defined as a material substance's mass per unit volume. Density is described by the equation d = M/V, where d stands for density, M for mass, and V for volume. Grams per cubic centimeter is the unit of measurement for density.
For instance, compared to Earth's density of 5.51 grams, water has a density of 1 grams per cubic centimeter. Another way to express density is in kilograms per cubic meter (in meter-kilogram-second or SI units)
It is easy to determine the relationship between mass and volume using density. For instance, the formula for determining a body's mass is M = Vd, while the formula for determining a body's volume is V = M/d.
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Which of the following chemical equations violates the law of conservation of mass?
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is not created nor destroyed, it is just transforms.
A chemical reaction satisfies this law if the same amount of each element is present in both sides of the equation.
By looking at the choices, it can be observed that in the third choices, 1 sulfate ion is reacting and 2 sulfate ions are being produced. This violates the law of conservation of mass because if 1 sulfate ion reacts, 1 sulfate ion must be produced.
It means that the correct answer is the third choice.
The phase diagram of a substance is given below. This substance is a __ at 10 °C and 1 atm.
The phase diagram of a substance is given below. This substance is a solid at 10 °C and 1 atm.
When a material switches from one state of matter to another, a phase transition takes place. Matter exists in three basic states: liquid, solid, and gas. The many phases of a material are shown on a phase diagram using numerous variables, most frequently temperature and pressure. The figure may be used to illustrate how altering these factors impacts a substance's state of matter.
The fusion (melting or freezing) curve, which depicts the change from a liquid to a solid state. The curve that depicts the change from a gaseous to a liquid state is called the vaporization (or condensation) curve. The sublimation (or deposition) curve depicts the change from a gaseous to a solid state.
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Fill in the blank: Elements found in in the same vertical columns (Group 1A, 2A, etc) will share common properties. In the periodic table, the vertical columns of elements are called groups, or_________.
Answer
Elements found in in the same vertical columns (Group 1A, 2A, etc) will share common properties. In the periodic table, the vertical columns of elements are called groups, or families.
Explanation
The vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or families because of their similar chemical behavior. All the members of a family of elements have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods.
Hence, elements found in in the same vertical columns (Group 1A, 2A, etc) will share common properties. In the periodic table, the vertical columns of elements are called groups, or families.
How many grams of water are produced in this reaction# 14
answer
13. the molar mass of O2 is 32 g/mol
conversion: 2 mols x 16 g/mol = 32 g
14. there are 2 mols of water produced and this equals:
2 mols x 18 g/mol = 36 g
In a storage area of a hospital where the temperature has reached 55 °C, the pressure of oxygen gas in a 15.0-L steel cylinder is 965 Torr.What is the final pressure, in millimeters of mercury, when the temperature of the oxygen gas drops to 24 °C, and the volume and the amount of the gas do not change?
Answer:
[tex]873.80\text{ mmHg}[/tex]Explanation:
Here, we want to get the final pressure
From the pressure law, volume and temperature are directly proportinal
Mathematically:
[tex]\frac{P_1}{T_1}\text{ = }\frac{P_2}{T_2}[/tex]Where:
P1 is the initial pressure which is 965 torr
P2 is ?
T1 is the initial temperature which we convert to Kelvin by adding 273 K(55 + 273 = 328 k
T2 is the final temperature which is 24 + 273 = 297 K
Substituting the values, we have it that:
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{965}{328}\text{ = }\frac{P_2}{297} \\ \\ P_2\text{ = }\frac{297\times965}{328}\text{ = 873.80 torr} \end{gathered}[/tex]Now, we convert this to mmHg
Mathematically, 1 torr = 1 mmHg
We have the final pressure as 873.80 mmHg
what is the electron configuration of Ni2+? How many valence electrons does this ion have?
Nickel has 28 electrons, its electron configuration is:
[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^8[/tex]Ni2+ has lost 2 electrons, which means that the resulting configuration would be:
[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^6[/tex]Nevertheless, since 4s electrons are further from the nucleus, they are lost resulting in a more stable ion, then, the actual configuration of Ni2+ is:
[tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^8[/tex]It means that this ion has 16 valence electrons.
how much iodine (I2) in moles, should be added to water to produce 2.5L of solution with a molarity of 0.6M?
Molar concentration or Molarity is a way to measure the concentration of a solution after some solute has been added to the solvent, the formula for Molarity is:
M = n/V
where:
M = molar concentration
n = number of moles
V = volume of the solution in Liters
In the question we are given the molarity and volume, let's add these information to our formula
0.6 M = n/2.5 L
n = 1.5 moles of Iodine should be added
We have seen that the behavior of gases can be described by 4 variablestemperature, pressure, volume and number of moles. Let's study the link between thepressure and the number of moles in a situation where the other two variablesremain constant. a) Using a few sentences, equations or diagrams, clearly explainsthe relationship between pressure and the number of moles. Your answer must include the notion ofcollisions to justify a pressure change. To help you answer, think ofcomplete the following sentence: "If the number of moles increases the pressure" (directly proportional or inversely proportional?) and thenjustify your choice.b) A balloon contains 4.0 moles of gas at a pressure of 1.6atm. you leave gasout of the balloon to end up with only 3.0 moles of gas. What's the newspressure inside the balloon, assuming that the volume and temperature have notnot changed. c) You need the identity of the gas to answer the question correctlyformer. True or false? No substantiation required.
Answer and Explanation
(a) At constant temperature and volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.
P = n (RT/V) where P is the pressure, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature and V is the volume
So when the pressure in increased, the volume will be decreased, meaning there will be less space in the container, this will lead to more collisions inside a container, meaning, the number of moles will be increased.
[tex]\frac{P_1}{n_1}\text{ = }\frac{P_2}{n_2}[/tex](b) Given: initial number of moles (n1) = 4.0 moles
initial pressure (P1) = 1.6 atm
Final number of moles (n2) = 3.0 moles
Required: Final Pressure (P2)
solution
P1/n1 = P2/n2
P2 = P1*n2/n1
P2 = 1.6 atm*3.0 moles/4.0 moles
P2 = 1.2 atm
How many moles of KNO3, should be used to prepare 0.70 L of a 0.560 M solution?
Answer:
0.392 moles of KNO3.
Explanation:
To find the moles of a solute based on the volume and concentration of a solution, we use the following formula:
[tex]Molarity\text{ \lparen M\rparen=}\frac{mole\text{s of solute}}{liter\text{s of solution}}=\frac{mo\text{l }}{L}.[/tex]The given data is: molarity = 0.560 M and volume (liters of solution) = 0.70 L. So, let's solve for 'moles of solute' and replace the values that we have. The solute in this case, would be KNO3:
[tex]\begin{gathered} mole\text{s of solute=Molarity \lparen M\rparen}\cdot liter\text{s of solution} \\ mole\text{s of KNO}_3\text{=0.560M}\cdot0.70\text{ L = 0.392 moles KNO}_3. \end{gathered}[/tex]We're going to use 0.392 moles of KNO3 to prepare 0.70 L of a 0.560 M solution.
My work gave me 12.3. Please walk me through how you would approach this problem so I can see where I went wrong.
In this question, we have HClO4 and KOH being mixed together and then a final pH being calculated, one way of doing this calculation is by finding out how many moles are being equivalent to each other and how many we have left divided by the total volume, so lets work on that:
HClO4 = 0.200 (volume) * 0.180 (concentration) = 0.036 moles
KOH = 0.270 ( concentration) * 0.150 (volume) = 0.0405
Total volume will be = 0.150+0.200 = 0.350 L
Now we can do the next calculation
(0.036 - 0.0405)/0.350
0.0128
This final value will be placed in the pH formula, which is:
pH = -log [H+]
pH = -log [0.0128]
pH = 1.89, letter D
An objects heat capacity depends on which of the following?
___ Mass (quantity) of the object
___ Shape
___ Magnitude of the temperature change
___ Composition
Which uses energy directly from the sun to produce electricity?A.Biomass powerB.Coal powerC.Solar powerD.Nuclear power
Explanation:
In solar power we use the radiation from the sun to produce electricity.
Answer: C. Solar power
The energy source that uses energy directly from the sun to produce electricity is solar power. The correct answer is option C.
Energy refers to the capacity or ability to do work or cause change. It is a scalar quantity that can be transferred or converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
Solar power is generated by converting sunlight into electrical energy using solar panels or photovoltaic cells. These cells are made up of layers of silicon that absorb sunlight and convert it into an electrical current.
The energy produced by solar power is clean, renewable, and does not produce any harmful emissions or waste products.
In conclusion, solar power is the energy source that uses energy directly from the sun to produce electricity. Option C is the correct answer.
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What is the empirical formula of P4O6?
The empirical formulas refer to the formulas where the ratios are the simplest, while the molecular formula shows the number of each type of atom.
In this case, we have a molecular formula and we just have to simplify the number to get the empirical formula. Divide each number by 2.
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{4}{2}=2 \\ \frac{6}{2}=3 \end{gathered}[/tex]Therefore, the empirical formula is
[tex]P_2O_3[/tex]I have attached an image with all of the information.
Explanation:
For reactants: BE 2CH2OH = 2*(3*414+351+460) = 4106kJ/mol
: BE 3O2 = 3*499 = 1497kJ/mol
For products: BE 2CO2 = 2*799 = 1598kJ/mol
: BE 4H2O = 4*2*460 = 3680kJ/mol
[tex]\begin{gathered} BE\text{ = Sum}_{reactants}\text{ - Sum}_{products} \\ \\ \text{ = 4106+1497-\lparen1598+3680\rparen} \\ \\ \text{ = 325kJ/mol} \end{gathered}[/tex]Answer:
Bond energy is 325kJ/mol
What mass of oxygen will be produced from the decomposition of 25.5g of potassium chlorate?
Answer
9.987 grams of O2
Explanation
Given:
Mass of potassium chlorate that decomposed = 25.5 g
What to find:
The mass of oxygen produced.
Solution:
The first step is to write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂
From the equation; 2 moles of KClO₃ produced 3 moles of O₂
1 mole KClO₃ = 122.55 g/mol and 1 mole O₂ = 31.998 g/mol
This implies (2 mol x 122.55 g/mol) = 245.1 g of KClO₃ produced (3 mol x 31.998 g/mol) = 95.994 g of O₂
Therefore, 25.5 g of KClO₃ will produce
[tex]\frac{25.5\text{ }g\text{ }KClO_3}{245.1\text{ }g\text{ }KClO_3}\times95.994\text{ }g\text{ }O_2=9.987\text{ }g\text{ }O_2[/tex]Therefore, the mass of oxygen produced is 9.987 grams
How many moles are there in 5.0grams of calcium bromide?
ANSWER
EXPLANATION
Given information
The mass of calcium bromide is 5.0 grams
Follow the steps below to find the mole of calcium bromide
Step1: Write the formula for calculating mole
[tex]\text{ Mole = }\frac{mass}{molar\text{ mass}}[/tex]Recall, that the molar mass of calcium bromide is 199.89 g/mol
Step 2: Substitute the given data into the formula in step 1
[tex]undefined[/tex]use the elements of the periodic table to help you identify the number of valence for each of these elements 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, or 8carbon (C) 1Chlorine (Cl) 2Neon (Ne) 3Calcium (Ca) 4Oxygen (O) 5 6 7 8
Answer:
Explanation:
Here, we want to get the valence electron number for each of the listed elements
The number of valence electrons is used to put elements into groups
Thus, an element will have 1 valence electron if it belongs to group 1
Now, let us get the valence electrons for each of the listed elements
Carbon C has 6 valence electrons
Chlorine Cl has 7 valence electrons
Neon Ne has 8 valence electrons
Calcium Ca has 2 valence electrons
Oxygen O has 6 valence electrons
Kindly note that we do not count the d-block when checking for the number of valence electrons. After the second group, we skip the next 10 (the transition metals) and count the next group, starting from Boron as 3, in that sequence
The question is in the image. If you think the question has an incorrect answer selected, then select the correct answer. Furthermore, if you can try to explain why the answer is correct and/or incorrect, I will also leave attached a text that may help you answer the question.
Compared to the normal freezing and boiling point of water, adding sugar to water will result in:
D. Lower freezing point and higher boiling point.
The chosen answer is the correct one.
This is explained as follows:
When we add sugar to water we form a solution, water molecules sorroud sugar molecules interacting with them electrostatically, this results in less interaction between water molecules and a lower amount of energy needed for them to maintain their freedom, so they will stay in liquid state at lower temperatures.
On the other hand, when we take the solution to its boiling point we will see that it is higher than that of pure water. This happens because the interaction between water and sugar molecules makes it harder for water molecules to escape the liquid phase, increasing the boiling temperature.
Determine the percentage by mass of each element in the following compounds. (Round your answers to one decimal place.)(a)ammonia, NH3N:____%H:_____%(b)washing soda, Na2CO3Na:____%C:_____%O:_____%
To determine the mass percentage of each element in the compounds, we are going to use the following formula:
[tex]\%\text{ m/m = }\frac{mass\text{ of the element}}{mass\text{ of the compound}}*100[/tex]In the case of the last element of each compound, we are going to make the subtraction of 100% minus the addition of the other elements.
We are going to assume that we have 1 mole of every substance.
First, we have to determine the molecular weight of each substance:
a. NH3
[tex]M.W\text{ NH}_3\text{ = 14+1*3 = 17 g/mol}[/tex]If we have 1 mole of ammonia, then we have 17 g. Then, we can calculate the nitrogen mass percentage as follows:
[tex]\%\text{ m/m N = }\frac{14\text{ g }}{17\text{ g}}\text{ *100}=\text{ 82.4}\%\text{ }[/tex]Then, we make the subtraction to determine the hydrogen percentage:
[tex]\%m/m\text{ H = 100-82.4 = 17.6\%}[/tex]Then, the answer is that the nitrogen mass percentage equals 82.4% and the hydrogen one is 17.6%
b. Na2CO3
We repeat the same steps that we did with the ammonia.
[tex]M.W\text{ Na}_2CO_3\text{ = 23*2+12+16*3= 106 g/mol }[/tex][tex]\%\text{ m/m Na = }\frac{46\text{ g }}{106\text{ g}}*100=\text{ 43.4 \%}[/tex][tex]\%\text{ m/m C = }\frac{12\text{ g}}{106\text{ g }}*100\text{ = 11.3\%}[/tex][tex]\%m/m\text{ O= 100-\lparen11.3+43.4\rparen=45.3\%}[/tex]Then, the answer is that the sodium mass percentage equals 43.4%, the carbon is 11.3%, and the oxygen one is 45.3%
Volume vs temp. Please help me find the final answer!
Given that the pressure in the whole process is constant, we could use the Charles's law:
[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]Let's replace our values and solve the equation for T2:
[tex]\frac{623mL}{137C}=\frac{914mL}{T_2}\to T_2=\frac{137C\cdot914mL}{623mL}=201C[/tex]The temperature of the gas sample will be 201°C.
calculate the percent of chlorine in sodium chloride
The molar mass of sodium chloride is 58.44 g/mol.
The molar mass of chlorine is 35.45 g/mol.
To find the percent, divide the molar masses.
[tex]\frac{35.45}{58.44}\approx0.61\times100\%=61\%[/tex]Therefore, the percent of chlorine is 61%.
convert 12 liters to barrels
Answer:
12 liters is equal to 0.075 barrels.
Explanation:
To convert liters into barrels, it is necessary to use the following conversions:
- 1 barrel = 42 gallons
- 1 liter = 0.264 gallons
We have to write each conversion as a quotient:
[tex]12L*\frac{0.264gallons}{1L}*\frac{1barrel}{42gallons}=0.075barrels[/tex]We must write each conversion in a way that the liters cancel out, then the gallons cancel out in order to obtain the result in barrels.
So, 12 liters is equal to 0.075 barrels.
A closed container contains a volume V of gas, composed of a mixture of 2 moles of O2 and 3 moles of CO2. The total pressure inside the container is 900 mm Hg. The container is at a temperature of 37⁰C? 1. Calculate PO2 and PCO2, the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in the gas mixture. 2. Calculate the density of the gas mixture. 3. A quantity of water is introduced into the container, keeping the same quantity of gas, as before, above the water. The container is fitted with a piston, which is positioned so that the gaseous phase occupies a volume V′ and the total pressure of this gaseous phase above the water is maintained at 900 mm Hg. what is the difference between the gaseous phases in the two situations?
We have a closed container, so the number of moles remains constant.
Now, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures. And the partial pressure of a gas will depend on its molar fraction, that is, the moles of the gas over the total moles. So the partial pressure is defined as:
[tex]P_i=\frac{n_i}{n_T}P_T[/tex]Where,
Pi is the partial pressure of the gas
ni, are the moles of the corresponding gas
nT, are the total moles
Pt is the total pressure.
1. Partial pressures of O2 and CO2
[tex]\begin{gathered} P_{O2}=\frac{2molO_2}{2molO_2+3molCO_2}\times900mmHg \\ P_{O2}=360mmHg \end{gathered}[/tex][tex]\begin{gathered} P_{CO2}=\frac{3molCO_2}{2molO_2+3molCO_2}\times900mmHg \\ P_{CO2}=540mmHg \end{gathered}[/tex]Answer: PO2=360mmHg
PCO2=540mmHg
2. Now, the density will depend of the number of moles and the volume. We can calculate the volume of the gases with the ideal gas equation that says:
[tex]\begin{gathered} PV=nRT \\ V=\frac{nRT}{P} \end{gathered}[/tex]For each gas we will have:
O2
PO2=340mmHg=0.45atm
T=37°C=310.15K
R is a constant = 0.08206 (atm.L)/(mol.K)
nO2=2mol
massO2=2mol x MolarMass = 2 mol x 31.998g/mol=63.996g
[tex]V_{O2}=\frac{2mol\times0.08206\frac{atm.L}{mol.K}\times310.15K}{0.45atm}=113.1L[/tex][tex]DensityO_2=\frac{Mass}{Volume}=\frac{63.996g}{113.1L}=0.57g/L[/tex]CO2
PCO2=540mmHg=0.71atm
T=37°C=310.15K
R is a constant = 0.08206 (atm.L)/(mol.K)
nCO2=3mol
massCO2=3mol x MolarMass = 3 mol x 44.01g/mol=132.03g
[tex]V_{CO2}=\frac{3mol\times0.08206\times\frac{atm}{mol}\times310.15K}{0.71atm}=107.5L[/tex][tex]DensityO_2=\frac{Mass}{Volume}=\frac{132.03g}{107.5L}=1.23g/L[/tex]Answer:
Density O2=0.57g/L
Density CO2 = 1.23g/L
3. In the second situation, what will happen is that the partial pressure of the gases will decrease, since due to the pressure exerted by the piston, part of the moles of gas will dissolve in the water. So in the gas phase we will have fewer moles of gas.
How much heat energy would be needed to raise the temperature of a 15.0 g sample of iron [Specific Heat = 0.448 J/(g°C)] from 22.0°C to 100.0°C?1. 524J2. 11J3. 249J4. 8495. 201J
Answer:
[tex]524\text{ J}[/tex]Explanation:
Here, we want to get the amount of heat energy needed
Mathematically:
[tex]Q\text{ = mc}\Delta T[/tex]where:
Q is the amount of energy that we want to calculate
m is the mass of the iron sample which is 15 g
c is the specific heat capacity which is 0.448 J/g°C
ΔT is the change in temperature which is (100-22) = 78°C
Substituting the values, we have it as:
[tex]Q\text{ = 15 }\times\text{ 0.448 }\times\text{ 78 = 524.16 J}[/tex]If the pressure of a gas sample is increases 4x and the absolute temperature remains the same, by what factor does the volume of the sample change?A. 1/4B. 02C. 1/2D. 08
Answer:
The factor of change is 1/4.
Explanation:
Since in this case we have a constant temperature, the changes in the pressure will affect the volume like the Boyle's Law formula explains:
[tex]\begin{gathered} P_1*V_1=P_2*V_2 \\ \end{gathered}[/tex]To find the change of the sample volume, let's replace the initial pressure (P1) with A, and let's increase the pressure (P2) 4x:
[tex]\begin{gathered} P_1*V_1=P_2*V_2 \\ A*V_1=(A*4)*V_2 \\ \frac{A*V_1}{A*4}=V_2 \\ \frac{1}{4}V_1=V_2 \end{gathered}[/tex]So, the factor of change is 1/4.