First the bombardment of u-238 to form u-239 , then the first beta decay of u-239 , and finally the second beta decay to form pu-239.
When an atomic nucleus undergoes beta decay, a fast, energetic electron or positron known as a beta particle is released, converting the original nuclide into an isobar of that nuclide. For example, in the process known as "positron emission," a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron and a neutrino, whereas in the process known as "beta decay," a neutron is converted into a proton by the emission of an electron and an antineutrino. Both the beta particle and the associated (anti-)neutrino are not existing in the nucleus prior to beta decay; rather, they are created during the decay process. This process results in a more stable proton-to-neutron ratio for unstable atoms. The binding energies of all identified nuclides combine to produce the nuclear band, commonly referred to as the valley of stability. [1] For either electron or positron emission to be energetically possible, the energy release, or Q value, must be positive. Beta decay is caused by the weak force, which has relatively long decay times. The weak force allows up and down quarks, which make up nucleons, to alter the flavor of their lepton by producing a W boson, which results in an electron/antineutrino or positron/neutrino pair.
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Typically, when two atoms form a chemical bond, the expected result is that the electrons.
When atoms form chemical bonding then the atoms attain Noble gas configuration.
Noble gas configuration of an atom includes the fundamental image of the ultimate noble fueloline previous to that atom, observed via way of means of the configuration of the ultimate electrons.so for sodium, we make the substitution of [Ne] for the 1s22s22p6 a part of the configuration. Sodium's noble fueloline configuration becomes [Ne]3s1.
Covalent bonds, atoms percentage pairs of electrons, at the same time as in ionic bonds, electrons are absolutely transferred among atoms in order that ions are formed.During the formation of a chemical bond, the predicted end result is that the electrons will whole a noble fueloline configuration in each atoms. Typically, while atoms shape a chemical bond, the predicted end result is that the electrons.
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And the un make the cycle move, you hear?
It make water on the urface of the Earth
The energy or heat that practically everything on Earth need is provided by the sun.
How does the water cycle function on the surface of the Earth?It is a complicated system with a wide range of processes. Water vapor is created when liquid water evaporates, and this water vapor then condenses to form clouds and falls back to earth as rain and snow. Different stages of water flow through the atmosphere (transportation).
What is the term for the movement of water in the earth between layers of rock and soil?Infiltration of water into the soil is referred to as infiltration, and percolation, permeability, or hydraulic conductivity refers to the downward movement of water inside the soil. voids in soil that are filled with air or water and lie between mineral and organic particles.
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what does it mean to say that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is either enzyme-limited or substrate-limited?
Nothing changes; it stays the same.
What does it imply to claim that a reaction is being catalysed by an enzyme?
Enzymatic catalysis of a reaction involving two substrates. The two substrates are brought together in the correct direction and location to react with one another using the template provided by the enzyme.
How do enzymes decide what to eat for fuel?
Finding the peptide sequences that proteases cleave in vitro—or, more specifically, which amino acids span the cleavage site and are recognised by the enzyme's active site—is one method of identifying prospective protease substrates. The proteome is then searched for substrates using these sequences, much like partial licence plate numbers
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show transcribed data consider two organic molecules, ethanol and benzene. one dissolves in water and the other does not. why? they have different molar masses. one is ionic, the other is not one is an electrolyte, the other is not. ethanol contains a polar o-h bond, and benzene does not.
Benzene lacks a polar O-H bond, but ethanol does. Benzene C6H6 with ethanol C2H6O.
Benzene fails the iodoform test, whereas ethanol does.
While ethanol burns with a non-luminous flame, benzene produces a sooty flame.
Iodoform testing shows that ethanol passes whereas benzene does not.
In contrast to benzene, which generates a sooty flame, ethanol burns with a non-luminous flame.
Water does not mix with benzene, but organic solvents do.
It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant scent.
Benzene has a high melting point and a moderate boiling point.
It burns with a sooty flame and is quite flammable.
A clear, colorless liquid, ethanol has a distinct flavor of burning with a nice aroma. It has high flammability. Ethanol combines easily with water and a variety of organic liquids and is used to dissolve other chemical compounds.
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if the solvent-solute interactions are weaker than the average of the solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions, then heat is absorbed from the surroundings and the overall mixing process is said to be
If the solvent-solute interactions are weaker than the average of the solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions, then heat is absorbed from the surroundings and the overall mixing process is said to be endothermic process.
The endothermic process can be defined as the process in which the reactants the will absorbed the heat from the surroundings . the heat is gained from the surrounding in the endothermic process and the surroundings temperature will decreases.
The solvent - solute interaction < solute - solvent interaction \and the solute solute interaction then the solution may be or may not be formed.
Thus, then heat is absorbed from the surroundings and the overall mixing process is called as endothermic process.
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What fraction of a piece of aluminum will be submerged when it floats in mercury?
The fraction of a piece of Aluminum will be submerged when it floats in mercury is 20%
density = 2.7 g/cm³,
mercury 13.6 g/cm³.
2.7/13.6 = 0.20 = 20% aluminum submerged
80% above surface of mercury.
Chemical element aluminum (Al), also spelled aluminum, belongs to the main Group 13 (IIIa, or boron group) of the periodic table. It is a light silvery white metal. The most prevalent nonferrous metal and the most abundant metallic element in the crust of the Earth is aluminum. Aluminum never appears in nature in the metallic form due to its chemical activity, but its compounds are found in varying degrees in almost all rocks, plants, and animals. Only silicon and oxygen are more abundant in the outer 16 km (10 miles) of the Earth's crust, where aluminum concentrated. Aluminum makes up about 8% of the crust's weight. The Latin word alumen, which is used to describe potash alum, or aluminum potassium sulphate, KAl(SO4)212H2O, is where the name aluminum originates.
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a vessel contains teo bulbs connected by a valve. initial conditions: the valve is closed, the 2l bulb contains nitrogen gas at a pressure of 5 atm, the 3l bulb contains carbon dioxide gas at a pressure of 3 atm. the valve is opened and the gases are allowed to mix. what is the partial pressure of nitrogen in this new mixture
The partial pressure was found to be 2 atm
What exactly is partial pressure?
When we have a combination of two or more gases in the same volume, we use the phrase partial pressure to indicate the pressure created by each of the individual gases in the mixture.
partial pressure = (absolute total pressure) (volume fraction of gas component) For the component gas "i": pi = P × F.
Volume fraction of nitrogen = volume nitrogen / total volume
=>2l/2l+3l = 2/5
Pressure of nitrogen is indicated = 5atm
Nitrogen partial pressure Equals pressure of nitrogen volume proportion of nitrogen
=>Nitrogen partial pressure=52/5=2
Nitrogen partial pressure in the new mixture is 2 atm.
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Partial Pressure is defined as if a container filled with more than one gas, each gas exerts pressure. The pressure of anyone gas within the container is called its partial pressure.
What exactly is partial pressure?
When we have a combination of two or more gases in the same volume, we use the phrase partial pressure to indicate the pressure created by each of the individual gases in the mixture.
partial pressure = (absolute total pressure) (volume fraction of gas component) For the component gas "i": pi = P × F.
Volume fraction of nitrogen = volume nitrogen / total volume
=>2l/2l+3l = 2/5
Pressure of nitrogen is indicated = 5atm
Nitrogen partial pressure Equals pressure of nitrogen volume proportion of nitrogen
=>Nitrogen partial pressure=52/5=2
Nitrogen partial pressure in the new mixture is 2 atm.
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g which of the following is a physical property?question 4 options:ozone reacts with silver to give silver oxidesulfur burns in oxygen to form sulfur trioxidethe density of leadplatinum metal does not react with hydrochloric acid
The following shows the physical property,
A) ozone reacts with silver to give silver oxide
B) platinum metal does not react with hydrochloric acid.
How do chemical reactions occur?
In a chemical reaction, reactants undergo a chemical reaction and transform into products through a chemical process.
Since silver has no charge and is not linked to any other atoms, its oxidation state would be zero. Silver oxide is formed when ozone and silver combine. This reaction can be expressed as follows.2Ag+O3→Ag2O+O2When metals and acids react, hydrogen gas is released. Noble metals include gold (Au) and platinum (Pt). These metals are naturally non-reactive and have no reaction with hydrochloric acid.Therefore, the following shows the physical property,
A) ozone reacts with silver to give silver oxide
B) platinum metal does not react with hydrochloric acid.
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There is a direct relationship occurring between rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere
and rising global average temperatures.
A. True
B.False
Answer:
b
Explanation:
what mass of the isotope will remain after 5.7 days? (assume no excretion of the nuclide from the body.)
The mass of the isotope will remain after 5.7 days is 0.69 gm.
What is isotope?
Isotopes are atoms that have variable numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons. They differ in mass and hence in physical qualities, although having nearly identical chemical properties.
What is mass?
Grammes can be used to measure lower quantities instead of kilogrammes, which is the standard SI unit for mass (g). A balance would be used to quantify mass.
t1/2 = 4 days , k = 0.693/t1/2 = 0.693/4 = 0.17325
t = 5.7 days
t = ( 1/k) ln(a/a-x)
5.7 = (1/0.17325) ln ( 1.85/1.85-x)
2.684582 ( 1.85-x) = 1.85
x = 1.161
amount left or remained = a-x = 1.85-1.161 = 0.689 gm = 0.69 gm
Therefore, the mass of the isotope will remain after 5.7 days is 0.69 gm.
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a 1.00 l buffer solution is 0.250 m in hf and 0.250 m in lif. calculate the ph of the solution after the addition of 0.150 moles of hcl. assume no volume change upon the addition of the acid. (ka hf)
The ph of the solution after the addition of 0.150 moles of hcl. assume no volume change upon the addition of the acids 3.84
A buffer solution is an aqueous answer which include a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa. Its pH modifications little or no whilst a small quantity of sturdy acid or base is brought to it.
Calculation:-
c= n/V=> n= c.V
nHF=0.250 M⋅1.5 L=0.375 moles HF
nF=0.250 M⋅1.5 L=0.375 moles F
nHF=0.375 moles - 0.250 moles=0.125 moles
nF=0.375 moles+0.250 moles=0.625 moles
[HF]=0.125 moles/1.5 L=0.0834 M
[F−]=0.625 moles/1.5 L=0.4167 M
To determine the problem using the Henderson - Hasselbalch equation
pH=pKa+log ([conjugate base/[weak acid])
pKa=−log(Ka)
pH=−log(Ka) +log([F−]/[HF]
pH= -log(3.5 x 10 ^4)+log(0.4167 M/0.0834 M)
pH=-log(3.5 x 10 ^4)+log(4.996)
pH= -4.54+0.698
pH=-(-3.84)
pH=3.84
The pH of the solution after adding 0.150 moles of solid LiF is 3.84
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computational chemistry calculates physical and chemical properties of compounds based upon
Computational chemistry calculates physical and chemical properties of compounds based upon theory and observation.
Computational chemistry can be described as a modern branch of chemistry in which computer simulations are used to calculate and analyze the properties of a compound. Both the physical and chemical properties can be calculated by using computational chemistry.
Using computational chemistry, theories and observations are made about the properties of a compound. These theories and observations are checked for accuracy by calculating the physical and chemical properties under the branch of computational chemistry.
The question will correctly be written as:
Fill In the Blank
Computational chemistry calculates physical and chemical properties of compounds based upon ...........
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reagent test strip pads for ketones primarily measure a. acetone b. acetoacetic acid c. cholesterol d. beta-hydroxybutyric acid
The correct answer is Option b
b. acetoacetic acid
What is Acetoacetic acid ?
A butyric acid with a 3-oxo group, acetoacetic acid is a 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid. As a metabolite, it serves a purpose. It is a 3-oxo fatty acid and a ketone substance. It is comparable to a butyric acid in terms of function. It is an acetoacetate's conjugate acid. It is a 3-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid tautomer.
Also known as diacetic acid, this unstable acid C4H6O3 is one of the ketone bodies that can appear in abnormally high concentrations in the blood and urine under certain metabolically compromised situations, such as those associated with famine and diabetes mellitus.
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one of a class of elements having properties intermediate to metals and nonmetals.
Metalloids are one of a class of elements having properties intermediate to metals and nonmetals.
What are Metalloids?
In chemistry, a chemical element that forms a simple substance with properties in-between those of a conventional metal and a typical nonmetal is referred to as a metalloid.
Metalloids resemble metallic appearances, yet they are typically fragile and have bad electrical conductors. These substances typically act chemically as non-metals. Metallic alloys can be created by metalloid species.
A tiny group of elements known as "metalloids" can be found in the periodic table of elements near the zigzag line that separates metals from non-metals.
Examples include germanium, silicon, and boron
What characteristics do metalloids share in common?
Metalloids are good semiconductors.
The reactivity of metalloids is dependent on the properties of the elements they are reacting with.
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find all states for the lowest energy electronic configuration for the titanium atom allowed by the pauli principle. you do not have to specify the j quantum number. arrange the states in order of increasing energy.
A titanium(Ti2+) ion's electronic configuration is [Ar]3d2.
The greatest L = 1 + 2 = 3 3F for two in d in parallel spins and two unpaired electrons.
L = 3, S = 1, J = 4, 3, 2, and 3F2 are less than halfway full.
High J indicates little energy if the shell is filled to a level higher than halfway. The ground state is accurately predicted by these criteria. Total angular momentum, quantified by the number J, is the sum of an atom's total orbital angular momentum (measured in terms of L) and total spin angular momentum (measured in terms of S). L and and do not always have to be pointing in the same direction, therefore J can range from |L-S| to |L+S|.
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Does bromine react with graphite?
question 1 of 5 which two colors could you mix together to create a secondary color? a. red and green b. red and orange c. red and purple d. red and yellow
The pressure of the top of a mountain is 98.9 kPa. What is this
pressure in atm?
The pressure of the top of a mountain is 0.976066847atm.
What is pressure?The force exerted on a surface per unit area. The units of pressure are as follows: bar, atm, Pascal, kilo Pascal, and torr. The Standard International unit of pressure is pascal ( Pa) which is equivalent to one newton per square meter (N/m² or kg m⁻¹s⁻²).
Pressure can be calculated using the formula:P = F/A
Where,
Pressure= P
F= Force
A = Area
Given in the question:P = 98.9 kPa
To calculate the pressure in atm, we have:1kPa = 0.00986923 atm
98.9 kPa = X atm
Cross multiplying we have:
X atm * 1kPa =98.9 kPa * 0.00986923 atm
making X atm subject of the formula:
X atm = 98.9 kPa * 0.00986923 atm
1kPa
X atm = 0.976066847atm.
Hence, The pressure of 98.9 kPa at the top of a mountain is 0.976066847atm.
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What intermolecular forces does Ethanol have?
Answer:
Hydrogen bonds
Explanation:
Hydrogen bonds are a special type of dipole-dipole forces in which the hydrogen atoms is bonded to a highly electronegative atom or to another hydrogen atom. In the structure of ethanol there is an O-H bond which indicates hydrogen bonding.
design a temperature scale where the freezing point of water is 20 degrees and its boiling point is 80 degrees. what would be the room temperature on this scale?
Room temperature should be 40 degree on given scale.
Given, in the new temperature scale,
The freezing point of water ([tex]T_{1}[/tex] ) is 20° and
The boiling point of water ([tex]T_{2}[/tex] ) is 80°.
We assume the room temperature is 25°C.
Let, T be the room temperature in the new scale.
[The freezing and boiling point of water in Celsius scale is 0° and 100° respectively]
We know,
[tex]\frac{T_{2}-T_{1} }{100-0} = \frac{T-25}{25}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]\frac{80-20}{100} = \frac{T-25}{25}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]T-25 = 15[/tex]
[tex]T = 40[/tex]°. (Ans)
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a triacylglycerol is reacted with water and a strong acid to yield glycerol and three fatty acid molecules. identify the reaction type.
The process you described, known as hydrolysis, produces three fatty acid molecules and glycerol when a triacylglycerol (a form of fat) combines with water and a strong acid.
Thus, In a chemical reaction known as hydrolysis, a chemical bond is broken by the presence of water.
When it comes to triacylglycerols, the ester bonds between the fatty acid chains and the glycerol molecule are broken, causing the creation of glycerol and the release of three fatty acid molecules. Strong acids are frequently used to catalyze this reaction, which speeds up the hydrolysis process.
Triacylglycerol hydrolysis is a crucial step in the digestion and metabolism of lipids in living things because it enables the breakdown of ingested fats into smaller, more manageable molecules.
Thus, The process you described, known as hydrolysis, produces three fatty acid molecules and glycerol when a triacylglycerol (a form of fat) combines with water and a strong acid.
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What is the communicative strategy that constraining the responses or reaction within a set of categories?
The communication strategy that constraints the response for reaction within a set of category is called restriction.
There are a total of 7 type of communication strategies.
The strategies are nomination, restriction, turn taking, topic control, topic shifting and repair. When the response of the reaction is constraint within a set of categories it comes under the communication strategy of restriction.
The phrases like "Do you have anything to stay?" comes under the restriction in communication where we as a speaker have a limitation.
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A student was testing an unknown element to see if it was a metal or non metal. The element was solid, dull in appearance, very brittle , and conducted electricity. What was this unknown element?
Answer:
The element was one of the alkaline metals, the dull appearance comes from the metal reacting with oxygen and oxidizing its outer surface as alkaline are known for their enormous reaction with oxygen in the air and water.
Another ability of this group of elements is the ability to conduct electricity. And they are also easy to cut with a kitchen knife.
a 7.74 mass % aqueous solution of sodium chloride has a density of 1.02 g/ml. calculate the molarity of the solution.
The molarity of the solution is 1.43M.
What is molarity?
Molarity is a unit used to measure the concentration of a solute in a solution. It is expressed as the number of moles of the solute in one liter of the solution. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of the solution. When a solution is formed by dissolving a solute in a solvent, the concentration of that solution is typically expressed as its molarity. Molarity is an important concept in chemistry as it is used to calculate the amount of a solute needed to prepare a solution of a specific concentration. It can also be used to calculate the amount of a reactant to be added in a reaction. Knowing the molarity of a solution is therefore essential in many chemical processes.
Density = 1.02 g/mL i.e. Mass of 1L of NaCl = 1020g
7.74% aqueous solution of NaCl means 100g of solution contains 7.74g of NaCl i.e. 7.74/58.44 mol of NaCl [molar mass of NaCl = 58.44g/mol]
Hence ,in 1020g of solution ,amount of NaCl = (7.74/58.44)×1020/100 mol = 1.3464 mol
1020g of solution contains (1020-1020×7.74/100)g = 941.052 g of H2O
Hence , 1000g of H2O contains
(1.3464/941.052)× 1000 mol of NaCl = 1.43M
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if the temperature of a fixed amount of an ideal gas is increased, it necessarily follows that:______.
If the temperature of a fixed amount of an ideal gas is increased, it is necessary follow that pressure also increases.
For an ideal gas temperature is directly proportional to the pressure.
PV = nRT
so, When temperature increases, the particles will have a greater average kinetic energy and a greater average speed. Thus these particles collide with the walls of the container more frequently and forcefully. This leads to a greater pressure. This means that as the temperature decreases, the pressure also decreases, and as the temperature increases, the pressure increases. As the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy increases as does the velocity of the gas particles hitting the walls of the container. The force exerted by the particles per unit of area on the container is the pressure, so as the temperature increases the pressure must also increase.
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Given that s is the central atom, draw a lewis structure of OSF4 in which the formal charges of all atoms are zero.
Valence electrons: 34, The Lewis structure of SF4 contains a total of 34 valence electrons. To determine the ideal Lewis structure for the molecule SF4, formal charges should be taken into consideration.
How many lone pairs are there in total in the ideal Lewis structure for SOF4?We get 15 lone electron pairs out of the 30 non-bonding electron pairs that are present on the outer F and O atoms. Therefore, there are three lone electron pairs and six non-bonding electrons in each fluorine and oxygen atom. As a result, there are 3 x 4 (F) + 3 (O) = 15 total lone electron pairs on the SOF4 leis structure.
What shape does osf4 take?An inorganic compound gas having the formula SOF4 is thionyl tetrafluoride. Oxide of sulfur tetrafluoride is another name for it. The oxygen is located on the equator of the molecule's deformed trigonal bipyramid structure.
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acetyl-coa carboxylase (acc) is the major control point of fatty acid synthesis. how is it regulated?
Allosteric regulation involves the activation of the enzyme by citrate and the inhibition of the enzyme by long-chain fatty acyl-CoA.
The primary regulatory enzyme for the production of fatty acids is acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). The covalent modification involves the inactivation of the enzyme by phosphorylation.
Malonyl-CoA is a crucial substrate for the synthesis of fatty acids in lipogenic tissues and a crucial regulatory molecule in muscle, the brain, and other tissues. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes its creation.
The rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of fatty acids, acetyl CoA carboxylase, is hypothesized to be regulated by protein inhibitors, covalent modulation, its aggregated state, and allosteric effectors.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a key enzyme in the control of fatty acid metabolism because it catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to create malonyl-CoA, an intermediate substrate.
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4. Which is a property of molecular compounds?
Olow melting/boiling points
O ability to exist as solids at room temperature
O ability to conduct electricity in the solid phase
O ability to conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Molecular compounds are not conducting as ionic compounds. They are not conducting at both liquid or solid states. Molecular compounds have low melting and boiling points compared ionic compounds.
What are molecular compounds?Molecular compounds are those which exists as distinct molecules and does not form ions in normal state. For example, water, carbon dioxide etc are covalent compounds and ions are not separated as charges.
These covalent compounds exists as molecules as such. And they are having less intermolecular attraction similar to ionic compounds. Therefore, their melting point and boiling points are lower.
Ionic compounds are existing as ions and they conduct electricity in solid state as well as liquid state and have higher melting and boiling points. Therefore, option a is correct.
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Which best describes solubility?the speed at which a substance dissolvesthe ability of one substance to dissolve in anotherthe amount of surface area per a given massthe temperature at which subtances become a mixture.
The best describes solubility is the correct option is : the ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance.
The solubility of the substances is the ability of the substance to dissolves in the another substance. it can be defined as the maximum amount of the substance that can be dissolves in the given amount of the solvent at certain temperature. the factors that affect the solubility of the substance are given as follows :
polarityconcentration of solutetemperaturepressuremolecule sizeThus, the solubility of the substance is its maximum amount that can be dissolved in a specified amount of the solvent.
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Select all the statements that correctly describe the arrangement of individual particles in the three physical states of matter. relate these particulate views to the observable properties of matter.
a. Gases occupy the entire volume of the container.
b. The particles in a gas move quite freely.
c. The particles in a solid occupy fixed positions.
d. Liquids take the shape of the container.
Gases occupy the entire volume of the container. The particles in a solid occupy fixed positions. Liquids take the shape of a container. The particles in a gas move quite freely.
Gases do occupy space even though their volume is very modest compared to the capacity of the container. This leaves the container's capacity totally open to the flow of gas molecules. A solid has a fixed shape and volume because the particles can only move very slightly. Despite their back-and-forth oscillations, the particles remain in their stable positions.
Liquids have a specific volume because the particles within them are still in close contact with one another. On the other hand, since its component particles are free to move around one another, a liquid lacks a set shape and adopts the shape of its container. In a gas, particles vibrate and move around freely.
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The complete question is:
select all the statements that correctly describe the arrangement of individual particles in the three physical states of matter. relate these particulate views to the observable properties of matter.
a. The particles in a solid occupy fixed positions.
b. Gases occupy the entire volume of the container.
c. The particles in a solid move quite freely.
d. Liquids have the same fixed arrangement of particles as observed in solids.
e. The particles in a gas move quite freely.
f. Liquids take the shape of a container.