The percentage by mass of acetic acid is 5.14%
What is percentage by mass?
It is defined as ratio of mass of substance to the mass of all substance multiply by 100.It is way to express concentration.
CH3COOH+NaOH= CH3COONa+H2O
we have 1 mole of acid for 1mole of base
Now , C=n/V
C= 0.299M ( its M not m so correct question)
V= 24.5 mL
no of moles = 0.299moles/L × 0.0245 L = 0.00733 moles
for neutralization of 0.00733 moles of Noah require 0.00733 moles of CH3COOH
given mass of acetic acid = no. of moles × molar mass
0.00733×60g/mole = 0.4398g
% mass of acetic acid =[ 0.4398g/8.55g]×100
⇒ 5.14%
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Is the following true or false? The subatomic particles that play the key role in determining the properties of an element are electrons.
Answer: true
Explanation: electrons can help the observer determine things like electronegativity and atomic radius.
How do you use the STP value of gas properties?
STP values are most often cited for gases because their characteristics change dramatically with temperature and pressure. One common definition of STP is a temperature of 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure of 1 atm. Under these conditions, one mole of a gas occupies 22.4 L.
To comparing various gas characteristics, standard temperature and pressure (STP) is a helpful set of reference conditions. Gases have a volume of 22.4 L per mole at STP. The ideal gas law may be used to calculate gas densities. The ideal gas law equation's variable "R" is referred to as the "gas constant." A constant number is always equal to the product of the pressure times the volume of a gas divided by the number of moles and the gas's temperature. The units that the temperature, pressure, and volume are expressed in determine the constant's numerical value.
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the oxidation of the given alkene with osmium tetroxide produces diols. potential products are given (not all are correct). which statement is correct about the reaction?
It has been demonstrated that osmium tetroxide is a useful reagent for hydroxylating olefins into their corresponding 1,2-diols. OsO₄ can be employed either stoichiometrically or catalytically when secondary oxidizing agents are present (H₂O₂, hydroperoxides, amine N-oxides, etc.).
It has been demonstrated that this hydroxylation takes place through the mediation of Os(VI) cyclic osmate esters, which are then hydrolyzed to the diols. A structural analysis of several of these esters revealed that they can exist as syn- and anti-[Os₂O₄(O₂alkene)₂] dimers and , or as diester monomers [OsO₄(O₂alkene)₂] . It is possible to create isolable bis(adducts) in the presence of amines, particularly pyridine.
Even though these aren't organometallic complexes, the process by which they arise might use organometallic precursors. Recently, it has been proposed that the electropositive osmium core of the Osdouble bond bond is where an olefin will most likely attack [OsO₄]. Osmium metallacycles can rearrange to become cyclic diesters after first forming
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draw the sulfur‑containing product of the oxidation reaction between two 2‑methyl‑1‑propanethiol molecules.
The oxidation reaction between two 2-methyl-1-propanethiol molecules would produce a sulfur-containing compound called 2-methyl-1-propanethiol sulfoxide
H3C-S(=O)-CH3
In this structure, the sulfur atom is bonded to an oxygen atom, forming a sulfoxide group. The sulfoxide group is attached to the rest of the molecule, which is a 2-methyl-1-propanethiol molecule. The sulfur atom in this molecule is also bonded to two hydrogen atoms, as well as one carbon atom, which is part of a two-carbon chain. The carbon atom at the end of the chain is bonded to three hydrogen atoms, giving the molecule the formula C4H10S.The oxidation reaction between two 2-methyl-1-propanethiol molecules is an example of a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. In this case, the sulfur atom in the 2-methyl-1-propanethiol molecule is oxidized, meaning that it loses electrons, and the oxygen atom in the reaction is reduced, meaning that it gains electrons. This results in the formation of the sulfur-containing compound 2-methyl-1-propanethiol sulfoxide.
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4. how would your experimentally determined vinegar concentration have differed if you had over-titrated (added drops of naoh to the analyte beyond the stoichiometric equivalence point)?
The obtained percentage composition of acetic acid would be inaccurate and higher as greater volume of NaOH was being used in the experiment.
When a significant color change is seen, that marks the titration's endpoint (longer than 30 seconds). An excessive amount of titrant can cause the endpoint to be exceeded.
It would be an excess and the color of the solution in the flask would get significantly darker if a little bit more NaOH solution was added. Care must be made to avoid overshooting the terminus because it emerges unexpectedly. A last volume is taken from the buret after the titration has reached its endpoint.
Too much NaOH has been added if you exceed the endpoint and the solution turns bright pink. Add one or two drops of HCl to back-titrate the color to a lighter pink. The volumes consumed should be recorded.
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the pressure of a gas is measured in an experiment. the measured pressure is less than the pressure predicted by the ideal gas law. which of the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory are not valid under these conditions?
The measured pressure is lower than what the ideal gas law predicts. In that case, it is false to claim that gas molecules have small volumes in comparison to the total volume they inhabit.
Real gases have lower pressure than ideal gases because of the intermolecular forces of attraction that reduce the amount of time that gas molecules collide with container walls. The ideal gas law overestimates volume at high pressure. The pressure of the gases is quite similar to that of an ideal gas at high temperatures. However, the pressure of gases is lower than that of an ideal gas at lower temperatures. The pressure that the gas exerts on the container wall reduces as a result of the average distance between molecules getting smaller and the observed pressure is less than expected.
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Does bromine react with fluorine?
sean wants to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction. what type of variable is the temperature in sean's experiment?
Explanatory type of variable is the temperature in sean's experiment.
What is a chemical reaction?
Chemical reaction is the process by which one or more compounds, known as reactants, change into one or more new ones, known as products. Chemical components or compounds make up substances. To produce various compounds as products, a chemical reaction rearranges the atoms that make up the reactants.
As an illustration, when breathing, oxygen is inhaled, which causes glucose to react with it to create carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Therefore, Explanatory type of variable is the temperature in sean's experiment.
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if the density of your unknown liquid is 0.65 g/ml, calculate the volume in liters that 3 ml of your unknown liquid would occupy when vaporized at the temperature of your boiling water. Should 3 ml have been sufficient liquid to use in your experiment? Why or why not?
If the density of your unknown liquid is 0.65 g/ml, calculate the volume in liters that 3 ml of your unknown liquid would occupy when vaporized at the temperature of your boiling water.
The 3 ml liquid should be sufficient for a relatively low molecular weight liquid.
boiling point of water at 1 atm = 100 oC = 100 + 273 = 373 K
standard STP temperature = 273 K
STP volume = 22.4 L
Temperature = (373/273) = 1.37
density = 0.65 g/ml
Volume of 3 ml liquid when evaporated
= ((3 x 0.65)g/molar mass x 22.4 x 1.37
So knowing molar mass we can easily calculate the volume occupied by 3 x 0.65 g of liquid in vapor phase.
Temperature performs a vital function in-hospital treatment (both humans and animals), food, beverages, and agriculture. Our average fitness is regularly reliant upon the temperature in lots of methods as nicely.
The SI unit of temperature as consistent with the global system of devices is Kelvin.
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calculate the ph of a solution in which one normal adult dose of aspirin (670 mg ) is dissolved in 6.0 ounces of water
One aspirin at an adult dosage has a pH of 2.6 when dissolved in a solution.
What is the pH equation?Equation pH = log [H⁺] describes pH, where [H⁺] stands for the molar hydrogen ion concentration. It is important to note that in order to calculate pH, we must use the common (base 10) logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
Given,
Mass of aspirin = 670 mg = 0.670 g
Volume of water = 6 ounces
= 6 × 0.0295735 L
= 0.177441 L
Molar mass of aspirin = 180.16 g/mol
Moles of aspirin = mass/molar mass
= 0.00371 mol
The pH of the solution is as follows,
The concentration of aspirin = moles of Aspirin/volume of water
Concentration of aspirin = 0.00371 / 0.177441
Concentration of aspirin = 0.020 M
Given that
pKa of Aspirin = 3.5pKa = -logKa
Therefore, Ka = 3.162 × 10⁻⁴
From the Ice table
3.162 × 10⁻⁴ = [x + H⁺]/[aspirin]
= [x²]/[0.020 - x]
Given that the value of Ka is small so we will ignore -x
x² = 3.162 × 10⁻⁴ × 0.020
x = 2.514 × 10⁻³
Therefore,[ H⁺ ] = 2.514 × 10⁻³
Given that
pH = - Log [ H⁺ ]
pH = - ( -3 + log 2.514 )
pH = 2.6
The pH of the solution in which one regular adult dose of aspirin is dissolved is therefore 2.6, as can be deduced.
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a sample of air occupies when the pressure is . part 1 of 2 what volume does the sample occupy at at the same temperature? round your answer to significant digits. part 2 of 2 what pressure is required in order to compress it to at the same temperature? round your answer to significant digits.
The volume at 6.30 atm is 0908 L and the pressure is 173 atm.
Part 1.
Sample volume =2.60 L
Pressure =2.20 atm
Volume=?
As per Boyle's law,
P1V1=P2V2
2.20 ATM*2.60 L=6.3 atm * V2
V2=0.308 L
The volume at 6.30 atm is 0908 L.
Part 2.
Volume=0.0330 L
Pressure=?
As per Boyle's law,
P1V1=P2V2
2.2 atm*2.6 L=P2*0.330 L
P2=173 atm
The pressure is 173 atm.
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in calorimetry experiments we are able to determine the amount of heat exchanged in a chemical reaction or process by measuring the amount of heat lost or gained in the surroundings. t or f
In a calorimeter, when an exothermic reaction takes place in solution, the heat generated by the reaction is absorbed by the solution, raising its temperature.
How much heat is transferred in a chemical process, according to a calorimeter? A calorimeter is a tool used to quantify the heat generated during a chemical or physical process.For instance, the heat generated by an exothermic process in solution in a calorimeter is absorbed by the solution, raising the solution's temperature.The practice of measuring how much heat is produced or absorbed during a chemical reaction is known as calorimetry.It is possible to establish whether a reaction is endothermic (retains heat) or exothermic (releases heat) by monitoring the change in temperature (absorbs heat).The calorimeter's capacity to absorb heat, qcal, can be calculated from the volume of water inside and the temperature change that the water experiences. Divide qcal by the temperature change to get Ccal, the calorimeter's heat capacity.To learn more about calorimeter refer
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computational chemistry calculates physical and chemical properties of compounds based upon _________________.
Computational chemistry calculates the physical and chemical properties of compounds based on Computational chemistry
A chemical property is a property of a particular substance that can be observed in a chemical reaction. Some important chemical properties include flammability, toxicity, the heat of combustion, pH, radioactive decay rate, and chemical stability.
A chemical property is a property of a substance that becomes apparent during or after a chemical reaction. That are qualities that can only be ascertained by altering the chemical identity of a substance.
Physical properties of matter include color, hardness, malleability, solubility, electrical conductivity, density, melting point, and boiling point. These include reactivity, flammability, and the ability to rust. Reactivity is the ability of a substance to react chemically with another substance. Flammability is the ability of a substance to burn.
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Chemical bonds form because they are energetically favorable. Which description states what happens when a bond between two atoms is broken?
A.
The atoms absorb energy.
B.
Energy flows to the surroundings.
C.
The atoms become more stable.
D.
The atoms lose mass.
According to the research, the correct answer is Option A. The statement "The atoms absorb energy" describes what happens when a bond between two atoms is broken.
What are Chemical bonds?It is the union established by two component atoms of the same compound.
In this sense, they are constituted from the attraction that is registered between opposite charges, in a process that aims at the search for stability, these can be broken, reconstituted or experience both processes, either to absorb or release energy.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed, this is because when bonds are broken and formed, energy is absorbed and released respectively.
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add curved arrows to the reactants to show the formation of new bonds and the breaking of old bonds for the following diels–alder reaction. a double–barbed curved arrow is used to represent the movement of a pair of electrons. ignore lone pairs or non‑bonding electrons.
Draw curved arrows (0 the reactants to show the formation of new bonds and the breaking of old bonds in the following situations.
1. Diels -The double-burbed curved arrow used in the Alder reaction t0 represents the movement of a pair of electrons.
2. Disregard Ione pairs and non-bonding electrons.
3. Choose Dram More Erase Rings.
What is non -bonding electrons?An electron that is not involved in chemical bonding is referred to as a non-bonding electron. This can refer to a lone pair, where the electron is only found on one atom. The electron is delocalized throughout the molecule in a non-bonding orbital.To learn more about electron refer to:
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a 18.6 ml aliquot of 0.201 mh3po4(aq) is to be titrated with 0.269 mnaoh(aq) . what volume ( ml ) of base will it take to reach the equivalence point?
4.12mL of base will it take to reach the equivalence point.
What is equivalence point?
An equivalence point is a point in a titration when the amount of titrant added is equal to the amount of analyte present in the solution. This is determined by the chemical reaction taking place between the two reactants. It is usually marked by a sudden change in the indicator, such as a color change, which signals that the reaction is complete. The equivalence point is used to determine the concentration of the analyte and can be used to calculate the molarity of the solution. It is important to identify the equivalence point accurately as it is the key to accurate results.
Moles of H3PO4 =18.6/1000 × 0.201M = 0.000374 moles
H3PO4+3NaOH⇒Na3PO4+3H2O
Ratio between H3PO4 and Noah is 1:3
moles Noah needed = 0.00037×3 = 0.00111
V= moles/ molarity =0.00111 / 0.269
V= 0.00412L
V = 4.12 mL
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complete the electron‑pushing mechanism for the reaction by drawing the necessary organic structures and curved arrows for each step. make sure to include all nonbonding electron pairs.
Lewis and Bronsted acids accelerate processes by binding to nucleophilic sites in molecules and activating the molecule to nucleophile attack.
The electron-pushing mechanism for the reaction by drawing the necessary organic structures and curved arrows for each step is drawn in the image attached. The final products are represented in the image. The negatively charged oxygen is more nucleophilic and thus removes deuterium from deuterated water. Electrons are moving from the negatively charged oxygen to the deuterium, and then they continue to the deuterated oxygen. The electrophilic carbonyl carbon is attacked by the hydride ion from BH₄⁻ because it is a nucleophilic (electron-rich) species, which causes the electrons to go to the carbonyl oxygen.
Images are attached for the complete question and mechanism of a reaction.
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How do you determine the bond between two elements?
Step 1: Look at the atoms in the molecule and look up their electronegativity. Use the following table attached below to look up the electronegativities of the first 20 elements.
Step 2: Calculate the difference between the electronegativities of the atoms across each bond by subtracting the lower electronegativity from the higher electronegativity.
Step 3: Determine the bond type based on the differences in electronegativities. Ionic bonds have differences in electronegativity of 1.7 and higher. Polar-covalent bonds have differences in electronegativity of between 1.7 and 0.4. Covalent bonds have differences in electronegativity of 0.4 or lower.
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How do you identify the charge of each element in a reaction?
To identify the charge of each element in a reaction, an atom becomes more stable, valence electrons are either simply taken up or released.
The periodic table helps us understand how different chemical elements interact with each other. As they become more stable, atoms either gain or lose valence electrons.
Nonmetallic elements gain electrons to produce negatively charged ions, while metals lose electrons to form positively charged ions. Metals (located on the left of the periodic table) will be positive, while non-metals (on the right) will be negative.
The particular ionic charge elements, however, must be known in order to identify the charges. The periodic table is also helpful when figuring out the electron configurations of atoms.
So, Atoms either simply take up or lose valence electrons as they becoming more stable.
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how many moles of ba(oh)2ba(oh)2 are present in 185 mlml of 0.200 mm ba(oh)2ba(oh)2 ? express your answer with the appropriate units.
There are 0.18 moles of ba(oh)2 in the given reactions.
Volume = 185 ml = 185L
Molarity M = 0.200 m
Molarity M is number of moles/Volume in liter
So,
n = M×V
n = 0.200 × 0.185 = 0.18 mol
The molarity of a given solution has defined as the total number of moles of solute per litre of solution. The volume of a solution depends on changes in the physical conditions of the system, such as pressure and temperature, as opposed to mass, which fluctuates with changes in the system's physical circumstances. Molarity is denoted by the letter M, also known as a molar.
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How many grams of sodium sulfate will be formed if you start with 200.0 g of sodium hydroxide and you have an excess of sulphuric acid?
355.25 grams of sodium sulfate will be formed if you start with 200.0 g of sodium hydroxide and you have an excess of sulphuric acid
The given response is displayed below.
2NaOH+[tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex]→[tex]2H_{2} O[/tex]+[tex]Na_{2}SO_{4}[/tex]
Two moles of sodium hydroxide react with one mole of sulfuric acid to produce two moles of water and one mole of sodium sulfate.
To compute the mass of sodium sulfate, you must first calculate the moles of sodium hydroxide, whose mass value is given.
NaOH has a molecular weight of 40 g/mol.
The formula is shown below.
n=[tex]\frac{m}{M}[/tex]
Where n is the number of moles.
m equals mass
M denotes the molecule's mass.
To get the number of moles, put the appropriate numbers into the equation above.
⇒n=[tex]\frac{200}{40}[/tex] =
n=5
According to the equation, 2 moles of sodium hydroxide yields 1 mole of sodium sulfate.
Therefore, divide the predicted moles of NaOH by 2 to obtain the actual mole of sodium sulfate. [tex]\frac{5}{2}[/tex]=
2.5mol
Therefore, 2.5 mol of sodium sulfate is produced from 5 mol of sodium hydroxide.
142.1 g/mol is the molecular weight of sodium sulfate.
Replace the numbers in the formula to get the mass of sodium sulfate.
m=2.5×142.1\s⇒m=355.25
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what is the hydrogen ion concentration of a glass of orange jucice, with a pH of 2.8?
Answer:
0.001585 Mol/dm³
Explanation:
Hydrogen ion concentration = 10^(-pH)
10^(-2.8) = 1.5849 × 10^(-3)
Students in chemistry lab have been given the assignment to identify an unknown compound using the flame test procedures. The compound they are testing is a white crystal that emits a greenish light when placed into the flame. The unknown compound most likely contains.
There is a high probability that the unknown compound that chemistry lab students are identifying through flame test procedures is zinc.
Elements with crystalline structureMetals that crystallize in one type of crystalline structure are beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, magnesium, titanium, zinc, and zirconium.
Zinc element characteristicsAmong these metals, zinc is the only bluish-white one that burns in air with a bluish-green flame.
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the compound ammonia, nh3, is a weak base when dissolved in water. write the kb expression for the weak base equilibrium that occurs in an aqueous solution of ammonia:
When dissolved in water, the molecule ammonia, nh3, acts as a weak base. The weak base equilibrium that exists in an aqueous solution of ammonia has a kb expression of 1.8 10 5.
The reaction of the base ammonia joining with water to create ammonium, the conjugate acid, and a hydroxide anion has an equilibrium constant known as Kb (OH-).
The process is as follows: NH3 + H2O --> NH4+ + OH-
Kb= (product of products)/(product of reactants) with units of concentration in molarity or pressure is the formula for any equilibrium constant (for gasses only). Water and other pure chemicals are not part of the recipe.
Kb equals (product of products)/ (product of reactants)
1.8×10^−5 = (OH-)(NH4+) / (NH3) (NH3)
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Why do we calculate half-life?
Because it tells them about the amount of radiation that a given substance will give off.
The definition of radiation is energy that emanates from a source and moves at the speed of light through space. This energy has wave-like characteristics and is surrounded by an electric and magnetic field. Electromagnetic waves are another name for radiation.
Spectrum of electromagnetic waves shown In nature, there are many different types of electromagnetic radiation. One example is visible light.
The highest energy radiation comprises x-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet light.
Both X-rays and gamma rays are extremely energetic. They can take electrons out of atoms when they engage with them, ionizing the atom in the process. The four types of ionizing radiation that radioactive atoms can emit are alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and neutrons.
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within the reactor, the stationary rods are the fuel rods and contain the fuel. the rods that move up and down are the control rods. what do the little dots that move between the fuel rods represent?
The little dots that move between fuel rods represent steam.
What are the fuel rods?
A long, thin zirconium metal tube that holds the pellets of fuel for nuclear reactors made of fissionable material.
The fuel rods are bundled together into fuel assemblies, which are then put one at a time into reactor core.
The fuel rod's main functions are to maintain the fuel in a precise geometry and to act as the first line of defense between the fission products and the outside world.
Therefore, maintaining its integrity is main objective of fuel design and operating procedures for reactors.
Small ceramic pellets of low-enriched uranium oxide are the fuel used today's commercial reactors.
These fuel rods are bundled into the tall fuel assemblies, which are then put inside reactor.
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Draw the three alkenes, each of formula c5h10 , that will form 2‑methylbutane upon hydrogenation.
The three alkenes :-
2 methyl 1 butene
2 methyl 2 butene
2 methyl 3 butene
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and any other compound or element, normally within the presence of a catalyst together with nickel, palladium or platinum. The method is normally employed to reduce or saturate natural compounds.
Alkenes are a category of hydrocarbons (e.g, containing handiest carbon and hydrogen) unsaturated compounds with as a minimum one carbon-to-carbon double bond. any other term used to describe alkenes is olefins. Alkenes are greater reactive than alkanes because of the presence of the double bond.
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Which among the following is the most reactive halogen F Cl Br I?
Fluorine is the most reactive of all the elements in the periodic table.
It reacts all the other elements except the lighter noble gases (He, Ne and Ar). It reacts with "Xe" under mild condition to form 'Xe' fluorides.
Reactions of F(2) with many elements are vigorous and often explosives. In the passive form a few metals such as 'Cu, Ni, Fe' and 'Al' acquire a protective fluoride coating.
However ,if these metals are in powdered form (with a large surface area) or if the reaction mixture is heated ,then the reaction is vigorous. The reactivity of the other halogens decreases in the order 'Cl > Br > I.'
Chlorine and bromine reacts with most of the elements thorugh less vigorously than does fluoride. Iodine is less reactive and does not combine with some elements such as 'S' and 'Se'.
Fluorine and chlorine often oxidize elements further than do bromine and iodine, by this means bringing out ghigher valcances: 'PF_(5), PCl_(5), SF_(6)' etc.
The great reactivity of fluorine is attributable to two factors:
(i) The low bond dissociation enthalpy of the 'F-F' bond which results in a low activation energy for the energy.
(ii) The very strong bond which are formed.
Both of these properties arise form the small size of fluorine. The weak 'F-F' bond arises because of repulsion between the lone pair of electons on the two 'F' atoms. Strong bonds arise because of the high coordination number '(SF_(6))' and high lattice enthalpy '(CaF_(2))'
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how are monomers and polymers related? how are monomers and polymers related? a polymer is chemically identical to a monomer, only larger. a monomer is a small, repeating unit that makes up a polymer. a monomer is made when you condense a polymer through polymerization. a monomer is one strand of a polymer. none of the above
The relationship between monomers and polymers is that a monomer is a small repeating unit that makes up a polymer.
What is a monomer?A monomer is a molecule of small molecular mass that is linked to other monomers, sometimes hundreds or thousands, through chemical bonds, usually covalent, forming macromolecules called polymers.
What is a polymer?A polymer is a substance composed of large molecules, or macromolecules formed by the union by covalent bonds of one or more simple units called monomers.
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What can be said about the concentrations of reactants relative to the concentrations of products at equilibrium? A) [Reactants] = [Products) B) [Reactants] > [Products] C) [Reactants) < [Products) D) (Reactants]/[Products] = Constant
At the state of equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants relative to the concentrations of products will be A) [Reactants] = [Products].
In the field of chemistry, equilibrium can be described as a state during which the amount of reactants is equal to the amount of product that is being produced from the reaction.
In other words, there are equal moles of the reactants as well as equal moles of the products at the stage of equilibrium for a reaction.
When writing the state of equilibrium in a reaction, we will represent this stage as [Reactants] = [Products]. After this stage, more of the reactants will be utilized for the formation of products.
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