The third stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the stage of exhaustion, where the body attempts to repair any damage and return to a condition of stability and equilibrium.
The Stage of Exhaustion: Attempting to Return to Stability and EquilibriumThe third stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the stage of exhaustion, which is the body's attempt to repair any damage and return to a state of stability and equilibrium. This stage is reached when the body's adaptive capacity has been exhausted, and it can no longer cope with the continued stressor. During this stage, the body uses its resources to repair and restore itself, and the individual may experience a range of physical and psychological symptoms.
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What does light do when it strikes the chlorophyll molecules of photosystems i and ii
Electrons are activated by light, gaining energy, and moving along an electron transport chain encased in the thylakoid membrane.
What is an Electron transport chain?An electron transport chain is a collection of protein complexes and other molecules that connect protons (H+ ions) across a membrane with the transfer of electrons from the electron donors to the electron acceptors via redox processes (both reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously). The ETC receives its electrons from NADH and FADH2 through the cooperation of four big multi-subunit enzyme complexes and two mobile electron carriers. The electron transport chain contains large number of membrane-bound enzymes.
The electron transport chain is an exergonic process that moves electrons. An electrochemical proton gradient generated by the energy from the redox reactions produces adenosine triphosphate as a result (ATP). In aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen serves as the ultimate electron acceptor, stopping the flow of electrons. Sulfate is one of the other electron acceptors employed in anaerobic respiration.
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[100 PTS] Name one controversy that has resulted from the Human Genome Project. Using college level writing, make a logical argument for one side of the controversy, then make a logical argument for the other side.
Answer:
One controversy that has resulted from the Human Genome Project is the ethics of genetic engineering and whether it should be used to create so-called "designer babies." Proponents of genetic engineering argue that it has the potential to eliminate genetic disorders and diseases, and that it could improve the overall health and well-being of future generations. For example, parents could use genetic engineering to ensure that their children have a lower risk of developing conditions like diabetes or heart disease.
On the other hand, opponents of genetic engineering argue that it could lead to a number of social and ethical problems. For instance, some people worry that genetic engineering could be used to create a society of genetically superior individuals, leading to inequality and discrimination. Additionally, opponents argue that we do not yet fully understand the potential risks and long-term effects of genetic engineering, and that we should therefore proceed with caution. They also raise concerns about the potential misuse of genetic engineering, such as using it to create individuals with enhanced physical or intellectual abilities for military or other nefarious purposes.
In conclusion, while genetic engineering has the potential to bring many benefits, there are also valid concerns about its potential consequences. It is important for society to carefully consider these issues and to proceed with caution.
Explanation:
Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the cns?
The sympathetic nervous system is crucial for maintaining body balance while at rest and for triggering the "fight-or-flight" response in dangerous situations.
The second, third, and fourth segments of the sacral gland in spinal cord are where the preganglionic nerves of the sacral division of the para-sympathetic nervous system, which innervate the tract, originate. These nerves then go through the pelvic nerves to the distal portion of the large intestine.Increased heart rate, mydriasis of the eye, vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, energy release from the liver, and adrenaline release from the suprarenal gland are all symptoms of stress on the body.To enable a sufficient reaction to a threat or trauma, the sympathetic system activates a number of intricate pathways. Faster breathing, elevated heart rate and blood pressure, dilated pupils, diversion of blood flow to vital organs (such as the brain and muscles), and increased sweating are a few of these physical impacts.To know more about sympathetic check the below link:
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Which is the best description of a molecule?
A molecule of an element is composed of at least two types of atoms.
A molecule of a compound is composed of only one atom.
A molecule of a compound is composed of at least two atoms.
A molecule of an element is composed of exactly two types of atoms.
Answer:
A molecule of element is composed of at least two types of atoms.
URGENT!!!!
1. Briefly discuss how Glycocalyx acts as an important virulent factor of a pathogneic bacteria.
2. Explain the causes and consequences of Antibiotic resistance in Bacterial pathogens.
glycocalyx an important virulence factor as it impairs phagocytosis of Bacteroides spp. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals.
what are the function of glycocalyx ?glycocalyces are seen in prokaryotic cells while eukaryotic cells can also have glycocalyces particularly observed in single celled eukaryotic organisms.
The glycocalyx in eukaryotic cells do same functions as that of the prokaryotic cells' glycocalyx. It functions for cell to cell interaction, for adhesion to surfaces, and involve in protection.
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how did seeds and other adaptations in seed plants contribute to the rise of seed plants and their dominant role in plant communities today?
Answer:
Seeds and other adaptations in seed plants allowed for the success and dominant role of seed plants in plant communities today. Seeds provided an efficient way to disperse and store nutrients, allowing plants to colonize new areas and spread their gene pool farther. Additionally, seed plants evolved specialized structures such as leaves and stems that enabled them to compete more effectively with other species for light and resources. This allowed them to become dominant in many different habitats. Through the process of natural selection, the most successful adaptations were passed down to future generations, allowing seed plants to survive and thrive in a variety of environments. This ultimately led to their current status as one of the most common and widespread types of plants in the world.
Explanation:
In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning?
Making genetic clones of complete organisms is known as reproductive cloning. Making genetic clones of tissues or organs in order to restore lost or damaged bodily components is therapeutic cloning.
The intentional creation of individuals who are genetically identical is known as reproductive cloning. Each freshly created person is a duplicate of the original. Twins that are monozygotic are biological clones. Every cell in clones' bodies has identical genetic material in the nucleus, which is where the chromosomes are located. Thus, the DNA and genes in the nuclei of cells from two clones are identical. The goal of therapeutic cloning is to create embryonic cell lines with the same genome as the nuclear donor by transferring separated nuclear material from a somatic cell into an enucleated egg.
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37 A population of blackbirds in Scandinavia has evolved to migrate to warmer climates in the winter. Evolution has occurred in this population through a _[blank]_.
A population of blackbirds in Scandinavia has evolved to migrate to warmer climates in the winter. Evolution has occurred in this population through a Behavorial adaptation.
What is Behavorial adaptation?
Behavioural adaptations refer to any action a plant or animal makes to thrive in a given environment. Because the term "behave" is present in the name and refers to how we behave, it is simple to recall that behavioural adaptations are about behaviours.
Organisms use behavioural adaptations to help them survive. Bird migration and calls are two examples of behavioural adaptations. Evolution is the cause of adaptation. A species changes over a lengthy period of time through evolution.
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A population of blackbirds in Scandinavia has evolved to migrate to warmer climates in the winter. Evolution has occurred in this population through a Behavorial adaptation.
What is Behavorial adaptation?Behavioural adaptations refer to any action a plant or animal makes to thrive in a given environment. Because the term "behave" is present in the name and refers to how we behave, it is simple to recall that behavioural adaptations are about behaviours.
Organisms use behavioural adaptations to help them survive. Bird migration and calls are two examples of behavioural adaptations. Evolution is the cause of adaptation. A species changes over a lengthy period of time through evolution.
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A scientist compares two DNA samples using gel electrophoresis.
Which statement best describes the results if the samples came from the same species?
A scientist compares two DNA samples using gel electrophoresis: Each lane would contain DNA fragments of different sizes.
What is gel electrophoresis?A method called gel electrophoresis is used to divide DNA fragments (or other macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins) according to their size and charge. The procedure of electrophoresis involves passing a current across a gel that contains the target molecules.
Gel electrophoresis is a scientific method used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein combinations depending on their molecular sizes.In gel electrophoresis, the molecules that need to be separated are forced through a gel that has tiny holes by an electrical field.
It is possible to determine the quantity and size distribution of DNA fragments in a sample using electrophoresis. By placing a portion of DNA up against a standard "yardstick" made up of DNA fragments of known sizes, it may also establish the absolute size of the DNA fragment.
Thus, the correct statement that best describes the result if the samples came from the same species: Each lane would contain DNA fragments of different sizes.
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if forward head posture is permitted during the drawing-in maneuver, what muscle may be preferentially activated, leading to poor muscle balance throughout the spine?
The “core” muscles: Multifidus; Transverse Abdominis; Pelvic Floor; Diaphragm. When they work in coordination with each other, they stabilize the spine & pelvis which can aid in the reduction of low back pain.
Nonstructural scoliosis, also known as functional scoliosis, is the form of scoliosis caused by an imbalance in the muscles. Muscles shorten during a concentric contraction, producing force. Muscles extend as a result of eccentric contractions in reaction to a stronger opposing force. The traditional exercise to target the transversus abdominis is the plank, but according to a study by Australian researchers, "the inward movement of the abdominal wall while supine" (also known as doing a hollow hold) may result in even more muscle activation. According to Cesar et al.13), FHP often shortens the SCM muscle in addition to the neck extensor muscles, such as the splenii and upper trapezius. FHP also weakens scapular retractors like the middle trapezius as well as the cervical flexor muscles.
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Meiosis does PMA twice! That means there is a prophase I and a prophase II.
Meiosis is in metaphase I or II if in the middle of the cell, there are homologous chromosomes or duplicated chromosomes/sister chromatids .
How does meiosis occur?Meiosis occurs when a single cell divides twice and proceeds to produce cells of four containing a half of the original form of genetic material buried within the cell. These are known as sex cells -sperm in males and eggs in females.
There are homologous chromosomes (metaphase I) or duplicated chromosomes/sister chromatids (metaphase II) in the middle of the cell. These are when meiosis is recognized as being in metaphase.
The complete question is:
Meiosis does PMAT twice! That means there is a prophase I and a prophase 2. There is a metaphase1 and metaphase 2. Etc... How would you know whether it was in metaphase 1 or metaphase 2
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the lack of movement leads to a reduction in muscle strength due to disuse, a sign of reduced muscle size known as atrophy. true
The claim that a lack of action causes muscles to weaken owing to disuse and atrophy, an indication of less muscle size, is valid.
The term "atrophy" refers to the withering away or shrinkage of a physical component, which ultimately reduces the function of the affected region. Factors connected to diseases, the environment, lifestyle, or genetics can all contribute to atrophy. A visible weakening in one area of the body or one limb seeming smaller than the other are common signs of atrophy. Atrophy can be brought on by a number of ailments, illnesses, or wounds, some of which we shall discuss in this session.
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a mutation that occurs in a somatic cell in an organism will most likely be transferred to?
Germ-line mutations occur in reproductive cells and are passed to an organism's offspring during sexual reproduction.
What is the result of a mutation that occurs in somatic cells?Somatic mutations can occur in any of the cells of the body except the germ cells and therefore are not passed on to children. These alterations can but do not always cause cancer or other diseases.The sperm and egg pass from parents to their children, so the mutation is inherited. You can't inherit somatic mutations because they occur randomly in cells that aren't the sperm or egg.Somatic cells are cells in the body that are not sperm or egg cells (germ cells). Somatic cells in humans are diploid, which means they have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.Learn more about somatic cells here: brainly.com/question/11348645
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Organization:
1. Is your organism unicellular or multicellular? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? Describe the cells.
2. What unique physical characteristics does it have? (Color, shape, size, body systems, etc.)
Response to Stimuli:
3. What type of environment does your organism live in? (Forest, trees, ocean, far away planet, etc.)
4. How does your organism respond to its environment? (In other words, does it have a strong reaction to
light, pain receptors, breathe oxygen, senses, etc.)
Eukaryotic cells are fungi and protists and plants and animals; prokaryotic cells include bacteria Paramecium, a unicellular organism, is prokaryotic Since it is made of many cells, a bacterial colony is a multicellular organism.
what would happen if complexes i-iv of the mitochondrial electron transport chain pumped protons in the opposite direction?
If complexes I-IV of the electron transport chain pump protons in the opposite direction, no ATP will be synthesized.
Electron transport through complexes I, III, and IV is coupled with the transport of protons out of the mitochondrial interior.
In complex IV, two protons per pair of electrons are pumped across the membrane and two protons per pair of electrons combine with O₂ to form H₂O in the matrix. Thus, in each of these three complexes, the equivalent of four protons per electron pair is transported out of the mitochondrial matrix.
This transfer of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space plays an important role in converting the energy of the electron transport oxidation/reduction reactions into potential energy stored in the proton gradient.
Thus, if complex IV pumps' protons are in the opposite direction no ATP is synthesized
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after the passage of the action potential, the sodium-potassium pump re-establishes the resting membrane potential. t or f
After the passage of the action potential, the sodium-potassium pump re-establishes the resting membrane potential. This statement is True.
The Na+ K+ pump is an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase that was initially identified in the cytosolic side of the outer plasma membrane of cells in 1957. [1] [2] For every ATP that is used, the Na+ K+ ATPase pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2K+ back in. Asymmetrically ordered lipid bilayers, including proteins, phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol, make up the plasma membrane. [3] [4] Osmotic balance and membrane potential in cells are kept in check by the Na+K+-ATPase pump.The gradients of concentration are resisted by the sodium and potassium. The gradient between a higher quantity of sodium extracellularly and a higher level of potassium intracellularly is maintained by the Na+ K+-ATPase pump. The sustained concentration gradient plays an ongoing role in stabilizing the cell's resting membrane potential, controlling the cell volume, and regulating cell signal transduction. It is essential for physiological processes in many organs. [2] Other physiological activities that depend on it include the formation of the neuronal action potential, sperm motility, and preservation of the nephrons' ability to filter waste materials.
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hemophilia a is an x-linked recessive disorder characterized by lack of a functional factor viii, a protein involved in blood clotting. in one population, the frequency of the normal allele, x 1, is 0.98 and the frequency of the mutant allele that causes hemophilia a, x 2, is 0.02.
In this population, hemophilia A affects 2% of the males.
Why is hemophilia A a condition that is X-linked recessive?Due to the fact that males only have one X chromosome, hemophilia is a hereditary condition that is X-linked and recessive in nature. Females are typically carriers since they have an extra X chromosome, however heterozygous carriers frequently exhibit hemophilia symptoms.
Is factor 8 a problem with blood clotting?The Hemophilia is an additional genetic clotting condition that involves factor VIII. Von Willebrand disease, however, affects both sexes equally and is typically more mild than hemophilia, which primarily affects men.
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Reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms.
a. True
b. False
True Reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms.
Helps control microbes and tumors.M cells are specialized cells found in the intestineThey transport antigens across the epithelial barrier to immune cells and initiate immune responses. Known as MICROFOLD CELLS (M cells) Antigens are recognized by the presence of surface receptors.It takes up antigens by endocytosis or phagocytosis and delivers them to immune cells.(FA-goh-site) A type of immune cell that can surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells. It can also boost immune responses. Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils are phagocytes. A phagocyte is a type of white blood cell.
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Select the part whose main job is to store nutrients, water, and waste in a plant cell.a. endoplasmic reticulum b. vacuolesc. nucleus
Answer: Vacuoles
Explanation:
What is the expected functional consequence of movement of a transposable element within the genome?
All of the listed responses are correct regarding the functional consequence of the movement of a transposable element within the genome.
Increased production of a protein Decreased production of a proteinAbnormal transcription of a geneA gene is the fundamental physical and purposeful unit of heredity. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules referred to as proteins. but, many genes do now not code for proteins.
Our genes incorporate instructions that inform your cells to make molecules referred to as proteins. Every gene includes commands that determine your functions, together with eye color, hair shade and height.
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according to the world resource institute, biodiversity is the variety of the world's organisms, including their genetic diversity. in a world of genetically modified (gm) crops, agriculture is greatly reducing the genetic diversity of the plants on earth. by ignoring genetic diversity, while we develop gm products, we run several risks that include all but one listed here. responses a reduced biodiversity of important food crops.reduced biodiversity of important food crops. b increase production while reducing environmental impacts.increase production while reducing environmental impacts. c the extinction of many native or indigenous crops.the extinction of many native or indigenous crops. d a disease or pest emerging that will wipe out the gmos.
In a world of genetically modified (GM) crops, agriculture is greatly reducing the genetic diversity of the plants on earth and by ignoring genetic diversity, the risk of the extinction of many native or indigenous crops that are present in Option C is increased.
What are the harmful impacts of the GM plants?The genetically modified plants are produced for the superior variety, for more nutrition in a particular food, but the result is not a healthy option for humans because the GM plants are not friendly to the gut bacteria, and there are many other harmful impacts too.
Hence, by ignoring genetic diversity, the risk of the extinction of many native or indigenous crops that are present in Option C is increased.
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what event made it possible for photons to begin to travel freely through the universe when the universe was about 380,000 years old?
The universe had expanded and cooled enough for electrons to combine with nuclei to form neutral atoms.
The universe is all of space and time and its contents, along with planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of count number and strength. The huge Bang theory is the winning cosmological description of the improvement of the universe.
The Universe is thought to consist of three types of substance: normal remember, 'dark count number', and 'dark energy. Regular remember consists of the atoms that make up stars, planets, human beings, and every different seen object in the Universe.
The actual spatial length of the universe is unknown. but, through measuring the observable universe, the current length of the universe is approximately ninety-five billion mild-years in diameter.
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a researcher is conducting a phylogenetic study of organisms using genea. in several of the species she is examining, she retrieves three different but similar gene sequences using the same primers. what should she conclude from her results?
She uses the same primers to get three distinct but related gene sequences from several of the species she is researching. In numerous species, GeneA has undergone gene duplication.
What relationship between two different species is shown by genetic similarities?A scientist is utilizing GeneA to investigate the evolutionary relationships among organisms. She uses the same primers to get three distinct but related gene sequences from several of the species she is researching. In numerous species, GeneA has undergone gene duplication.These shared genes show that all life on Earth is connected and that it evolved from a common ancestor. Genes that are shared between or within species are referred to as homologous genes, or shared genes.The introduction of genetic material from one species to another by means other than vertical transmission from parent(s) to offspring is known as horizontal gene transfer, or HGT. Due to these transfers, even species that are phylogenetically unrelated might swap genes.To learn more about gene duplication refer,
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the prey of one species might also be the predator of another species.; what will happen to an ecosystem that is experiencing a prolonged drought?; what distinguishes rainforests from temperate forests?; which shows the correct order of increasing trophic level, from producer to tertiary consumer?; how does biodiversity affect the stability of an ecosystem?; how does an ecosystem transition from primary succession to secondary succession?; which ecosystems would you expect to have the greatest access to sunlight?; explain why quaternary consumers occupy the top position in the pyramid of energy.
When an ecosystem experiences a lengthy drought, the available resources are insufficient to maintain the organisms' population, thus they will either move or start to perish. An ecosystem's population will fluctuate depending on the amount of water available.
When there are too many predators and not enough prey, predators starve to death because they are unable to find adequate food. An overabundance of prey and a dearth of predators contribute to the development of disease and the depletion of resources for prey species and other species that live in their ecosystem.
Because they control the numbers of their prey, predators are crucial to ecosystems. In the absence of predators, prey can overpopulate. In addition to causing disease outbreaks that may spread to domesticated animals, this may also cause harm to nearby flora.
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in response to falling blood glucose levels, which pancreatic islet cell releases glucagon?
islets of Langerhans is the pancreatic islet cell releases glucagon.
Pancreatic islets, also called islets of Langerhans, are a group of cells in the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ that makes hormones that help the body break down and utilize food.The pancreatic islets contain several types of cells, including beta cells that produce the hormone insulin.
Pancreas. Pancreatic islet cells are the main source of insulin and glucagon, produced by β- and α-cells, respectively. Hormone secretion from pancreatic islets is primarily regulated by glucose concentration.
's islets have a complex structure, consisting of her four cell types: A (alpha), B (beta), D, and F cells. The four cell types are not evenly distributed within the islets or throughout the pancreas.
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The reduced coenzymes generated by the citric acid cycle donate electrons in a series of reactions called the electron transport chain. The energy from the electron transport chain is used for oxidative phosphorylation. For each part, select all that apply.
(a) Which compounds donate electrons to the electron transport chain?
1. H2O
2. NADH
3. NAD+
4. ATP
5. ADP
6. O2
7. FADH2
8. FAD
(b) Which of the following is the final electron acceptor?
1. H2O
2. NADH
3. NAD+
4. ATP
5. ADP
6. O2
7. FADH2
8. FAD
(c) Which of the following are the final products of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?
1. H2O
2. NADH
3. NAD+
4. ATP
5. ADP
6. O2
7. FADH2
8. FAD
The reduced coenzymes generated by the citric acid cycle donate electrons in a series of reactions called the electron transport chain. The answers are as;
a) 1. NADH and 7. FADH2
b) 6. O2
c) 3. NAD+, 1. H2O, 4. ATP and 8. FAD
Oxygen is the ultimate electron acceptor, and it combines with hydrogen ions to produce H2O. This process occurs at the conclusion of the electron transport process.
ATP molecules, which are carriers of energy, would be the final outcome of the oxidative phosphorylation process.
(a) NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain.
(b) O2 is the final electron acceptor.
(c) NAD+, H2O, ATP, and FAD are the final products of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
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(PLEASE ANSWER ASAP!) Use the word bank to fill in the rock cycle steps in the diagram below. You many only use each word 1 time. 2 of the words will not be used at all.
Word Bank:
Erosion, Heat and Pressure, Metamorphic Rock, Magma, Sedimentary Rock, Igneous Rock, Compaction, Melting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The rock cycle attached is labeled accordingly:
ErosionCompactionSedimentary rockHeat and PressureMetamorphic rockMeltingMagmaCooling.What is the rock cycle and why is it important?The rock cycle describes how the three types of rocks are connected to one another and how processes shift from one type to another through time. This cyclical component causes the rock to alter a geologic cycle as well as a biogeochemical cycle on planets with life.
The degradation of rocks eventually forms the soil in which we grow our plants, and scientists and engineers research the rock cycle in order to find the best energy sources and building materials.
Weathering and erosion, transport, and deposition would all come to a halt if the rock cycle did not exist. Scientists believe that if all of the active processes of the rock cycle stopped, our planet would be unable to support any life.
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cell division that reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid, reduction division
Cell division that reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid, reduction division is Meiosis.
Meiosis is a special form of cell division that occurs only in the testes and ovaries. An organ that produces male and female reproductive cells. sperm and egg.A normal somatic cell has a complete set of chromosomes. When the cells of the mother's and father's bodies fuse to produce a baby, the fertilized egg will have double the original number of chromosomes.
Meiosis is sometimes called "meiosis" because it reduces the number of chromosomes by half. So when the sperm and egg fuse, the baby will have the correct number. Therefore, the purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes, sperm and eggs with half the genetic complement of the parent cell. In this example, the diploid somatic cell contains 2n = 4 chromosomes. , two from the mother and two from the father. In humans, 2n = 46 and n = 23.
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A folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm is called: ______
A folded membrane that forms a network of interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm is called: Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) is a part of the cell. Every eukaryotic cell contains an Endoplasmic Reticulum. It is a continuous membrane within the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum can be found in animal cells. In animal cells, more than half of the membranous contents of the cell are usually occupied by Endoplasmic Reticulum. It serves various functions such as helping in a process of synthesis, folding modification, and transport of protein. Depending upon certain physical and functional characteristics Endoplasmic Reticulum can be differentiated into two types, which are called Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Unlike signal transduction in many other sensory receptors, signal transduction in rods?
a. results in hyperpolarization of the sensory cell.
b. does not involve the participation of a G protein.
c. takes place entirely in the plasma membrane.
d. involves a second messenger.
Option A. Results in hyperpolarization of the sensory cell. In signal transduction in rods, the Rhodesian protein of the rod photoreceptor absorbs light, which leads to a conformational change in the protein.
Signal Transduction in Rod Photoreceptors: Hyperpolarization of the Sensory CellOption A. Results in hyperpolarization of the sensory cell.When the Rhodopsin protein absorbs light, it activates a G-protein called transducin. This then activates an enzyme called phosphodiesterase, which hydrolyses a molecule called cGMP. The decrease in cGMP causes the membrane potential of the rod photoreceptor to become more negative, which is known as hyperpolarization. This hyperpolarization produces an electrical signal that is sent to the brain and enables us to detect light.
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