True, an analogy is a similarity due to convergent evolution, resulting in similar adaptations.
Convergent evolution is the process through which organisms from distinct evolutionary lineages adapt in comparable ways as a result of being subjected to similar environmental forces and undergoing natural selection.
There are three different interpretations of the edition that pertain to biology. To begin, the dynamic evolutionary process of natural choice is by far the most important factor in adapting organisms to their environments, which in turn enhances their evolutionary success. Second, it is a nation that the population has not yet reached in that way. Thus the statement is true.
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Which cells will most likely display mutations that could potentially result in cancer?
Proto-oncogenes are likely to mutate and become cancer causing cells.
Mutations (changes) in proto-oncogenes can result in oncogenes that cause cancer cells to grow. Proto-oncogenes are usually genes that help cells grow and divide to form new cells or keep them alive.
When a proto-oncogene is mutated (changed) or has too many copies, it is switched on (activated) at an unexpected time and is called an oncogene.
Proto-oncogenes often encode proteins that stimulate cell division, inhibit cell differentiation, and arrest cell death. All of these processes are important for normal human development and maintenance of tissues and organs.
Before oncogenes mutate, they are called proto-oncogenes and play a role in regulating normal cell division. Cancer can occur when a proto-oncogene mutates, turning it into an oncogene and causing cells to divide and grow uncontrollably.
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which term is not related to the other terms 1) blepharoptosis 2) asthenopia 3) sclera 4) leukocoria 5) ophthalmology
The term "white pupil" or "cat's eye pupil" is leukocoria.
An aberrant pupillary reflex called leukocoria is more readily visible through mydriasis or photography. It frequently signals a variety of significant intraocular illnesses for the first time.
Congenital cataract, Coats disease, retinoblastoma, retinopathy of prematurity, toxocariasis, Norrie disease, retrolental fibroplasia, and other conditions are among those that frequently present with leukocoria.
The majority of disorders are vision-threatening, and retinoblastoma may be life-threatening, therefore prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. The proper therapy of eyes with leukocoria will be aided by an immediate referral to an ophthalmologist and an interdisciplinary interaction with a pediatric ophthalmologist, retina specialist, and ocular oncologist.
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the dominant allele 'a' occurs with a frequency of 0.37 in a population of kangaroos that is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. what is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals?
The frequency of dominant allele is given as 0.37. According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, p + q = 1. where p is the frequency of dominant allele and q is the frequency of recessive allele.
So p is given as 0.37. Therefore q = 1-p = 1 - 0.37 = 0.63
Also, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 where, p2 is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals; 2pq is the frequency of heterozygous individuals and q2 is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.
So the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals is q2 = 0.63 * 0.63 = 0.396
is the homozygous dominant frequency, is the heterozygous frequency, and is the homozygous recessive frequency.
16% of the population shows the recessive phenotype, and therefore must carry the homozygous recessive genotype.
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what is the probability that the offspring will be unable to roll the tongue? 0 2 3 4
The probability that the offspring will be unable to roll the tongue is 0 percent, which suggests that option A is the right answer.
Rolling of tongue is dominant trait which is transferred from parents to off-springs in the cases as per the Mendelian law of inheritance and the Punnett square. Let us consider the case of homozygotic parents with traits in the form of allele pair 'TT' and 'tt' for the male and female parents respectively. Thus the cells will have 'T' and 't' separately as gametes. These gametes will combine to form 'Tt' allele pair in the offspring. The 'T' trait being dominant will cause the child to be able to roll the tongue.
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how does the relation between temperament and life decisions illustrate the gene-environment correlation phenomenon in the nature/nurture debate?
The relation between temperament and life decisions illustrates the gene-environment correlation phenomenon in the nature or nurture debate because surrounding conditions are able to shape gene expression patterns and thus control phenotypic features.
What is the gene-environment correlation phenomenon?The gene environment correlation phenomenon is a genetic model that states how gene expression in a particular environment is able to shape the phenotypic features of an organism, i.e. the morphological and or behavioral traits in animals and humans.
The gene environment correlation phenomenon is well known to control the phenotypic expression of quantitative traits such as those associated with behavior (temperament).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the gene environment correlation phenomenon is able to control the development of quantitative traits such as those associated with the behavior, and therefore a suitable surrounding environment may stimulate to enhance certain types of traits.
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which neurons are involved in reflex activity? select all that apply. (multiple answers required for full credit)
Answer: What are the Answers
Explanation:
in what ways are the solutions placed at the nacl and the control spots on the assay agar plate similar or different
Solutions placed at the Nacl and control spots on assay agar plates are different.
The microbiological assay is the technique in which the potency or concentration of a compound is assessed to determines its effect on the microorganism.
The microbiological assay is helpful in many ways, such as: -
It determines the potency.Good in-vitro and in-vivo correlations are provided by this method.The method is easy to interpret the results.It is inexpensive and accurate.The microbiological assay of an antibiotic is based upon a comparison of the inhibition of growth of microorganisms by measured concentrations of the antibiotics under examination with that produced by the known concentration of a standard preparation of the antibiotic having a known activity.
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human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer. the virus encodes e6, a protein that binds p53. based on this fact and what you know about p53, what effect do you think e6 binding has on p53 activity?
Human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer. The virus encodes e6, a protein that binds p53. E6 binding marks p53 for degradation.
Human papillomavirus infection is caused by a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family (HPV infection). Within two years, 90% of HPV infections naturally resolve, and many of them show no symptoms. Warts or precancerous lesions can occasionally result from a persistent HPV infection. Depending on the place affected, these lesions increase the risk of cancer of the vulva, mouth, tonsils, or throat. Seventy percent of instances of cervical cancer are caused by HPV16 and HPV18, two different strains of the virus. HPV16 is responsible for about 90% of oropharyngeal cancers in people who test positive for the virus. A relationship to HPV exists in 60% to 90% of the various cancers indicated above. HPV6 and HPV11 frequently cause genital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis.
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during organogenesis the archenteron initially differentiates into three structures. what are they?
The endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm are the three germ layers. Each germ layer's cells undergo differentiation to become tissues and embryonic organs. The nervous system and the epidermis are two examples of tissues that develop from the ectoderm. During the crucial stage of gestation, known as gastrulation, pluripotent stem cells differentiate into the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, the three primordial germ layers.
The blastopore develops into the anus, the archenteron finally becomes the digestive tract's cavity, and the mouth appears as a new aperture. Dedifferentiation and redifferentiation are the first two phases in the organogenesis process. Dedifferentiation causes the explant tissue to produce a callus with rapid cell division. Redifferentiation, on the other hand, results in the formation of primordia from a collection of callus cells.
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An earthworm has 36 chromosomes in each of its diploid cells. how many chromosomes would be in each of its gametes?
18 chromosomes would be in each of its gametes.
What are chromosomes?
the nucleus of most living cells contains a threadlike structure made of nucleic acids and proteins that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. The chromosome's distinctive structure helps to increase the integrity of the DNA while also keeping it securely packed with histone proteins to fit within the cell. For instance, a single cell's DNA will be 6 feet long when unraveled; from this, it is clear why each cell's nucleus needs to be packaged.
according to the given information:
number of chromosomes: 36
36√2 is 18
18 chromosomes would be in each gamete.
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a population has a gene with 2 alleles, f and f. the frequency of the f allele is 0.8. the frequency of the f allele is 0.2. this is all that you know about this population. what is the frequency of the ff genotype?
Answer: answer below
Explanation: Hardy-Weinberg Equation (HW) states that following certain biological tenets or requirements, the total frequency of all homozygous dominant alleles (p) and the total frequency of all homozygous recessive alleles (q) for a gene, account for the total # of alleles for that gene in that HW population, which is 100% or 1.00 as a decimel. So in short: p + q = 1, and additionally (p+q)^2 = 1^2, or 1So (p+q)(p+q) algebraically works out to p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, where p^2 = genotype frequency of homozygous dominant individuals, 2pq = genotype frequency of heterozygous individuals, and q^2 = genotype frequency of homozygous recessive individuals. The problem states that Ptotal = 150 individuals, H frequency (p) = 0.2, and h frequency (q) = 0.8.So homozygous dominant individuals (HH) = p^2 = (0.2)^2 = 0.04 or 4% of 150 --> 6 peopleHeterozygous individuals (Hh) = 2pq = 2(0.2)(0.8) = 0.32 or 32% of 150 --> 48 peopleAnd homozygous recessive individuals (hh) = q^2 = (0.8)^2 = 0.64 = 64% of 150 --> 96 peopleHope that helps you to understand how to solve these types of population genetics problems!
what do the marks found on the bodo cranium indicate? group of answer choices the fabrication of the fossil as a hoax, demonstrating that science is ultimately self-correcting
The marks discovered on the bodo cranium are evidence of the removal of flesh from the skill by tool-using hominins, perhaps as a ceremonial or as some sort of cannibalism.
A fossilised hominid species that is extinct can be found in the Bodo cranium. The cut markings most closely reflect experimental harm done to new bone by the use of stone instruments. This finding opens up new research directions for the study of early hominid burial rituals and represents the earliest conclusive evidence for the deliberate defleshing of a human ancestor. The use of stone tools to make cutmarks on the rock at early hominid sites provides fossil evidence that meat consumption began before Homo erectus but expanded with more developed technology. The oldest and most intact early Middle Stone Age cranium is the 600,000-year-old one from Bodo, Ethiopi
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aquifers are underground sources of clean water that stretch over thousands of square miles. people who own land over the aquifer are free to take as much as they want. because there is no private cost associated with using the water, the water supply in the aquifer is likely to
Aquifers that fall under the area owned by people, they can freely use it. However the water supply in aquifer is likely to: fall down due to over use and it will not have an efficient outcome.
Aquifers are the large area present underground below the rocks or sediment particles layer of the earth. These area contain the deposited ground water. It is considered to be clean and safe for use because as the water passes through the sediments, it gets filtered.
Water is an inorganic colorless chemical substance. It is considered to be one of the essentialities for living. More than 70% of the earth is covered with water. However the water available worth drinking (fresh water) is only 0.5 %.
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which of the following are trees and which are forests? a: is a forest b: is a forest a: is a tree b: is a tree c: is a forest d: is a forest c: is a tree d: is a tree
is a forest in c. is a tree one of the acceptable answers for forests and. The forest is a complex ecosystem made up primarily of trees that protect the ground and provide habitat for a wide variety of living things.
Wherever the warmest month's average temperature is over 10 °C and there is more than 200 mm of yearly precipitation, forests can grow. There are many different tree species found in areas with circumstances above this range, which are categorised into different types of forests based on the climate, soil, geology, and biotic activity of the location. There are many different types of forests, including the taiga (which is made up of pine, spruce, etc.), mixed temperate forests (which have both coniferous and deciduous trees), boreal forests, and tropical forests.
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A mutation that occurs in a somatic cell in an organism will most likely be transferred to:_________.
The transmission of germ-line mutations to an organism's progeny occurs during sexual reproduction and occurs in egg cells (sperm or eggs). In non-reproductive cells, somatic mutations take place;
What does the term "somamic mutation" mean?a DNA mutation that happens after conception. All body cells, excluding the spermatids (and egg), are susceptible to somatic mutations, which are not passed on to offspring. These changes may, but are not always, the root of cancer or other illnesses.
How does a somatic mutation start?Throughout an individual's life cycle, somatic mutations take place either spontaneously as just a result of mistakes in the DNA repair machinery or as a direct reaction to stress. They are a typical element of aging. Early-stage mutations can alter the gene line and affect organism development by causing mosaicism.
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multigene families include two or more nearly identical genes or genes sharing nearly identical sequences. a classical example is the set of genes for globin molecules, including genes on human chromosomes 11 and 16. how might identical and obviously duplicated gene sequences have gotten from one chromosome to another?
Identical and duplicated gene sequences have gotten from one chromosome to another by chromosomal translocation.
Translocations occur when a broken segment of a chromosome moves to another chromosome that is not its homologous chromosome. This event occurs during meiosis I. Translocations between non-homologous chromosomes form new chromosomes
Translocation is a mechanism for changing the structure of chromosomes or chromosomal mutations. Changes in the structure of chromosomes are usually a result of using light that has a high radiation power, for example, X-rays, UV rays, or ionizing radiation.
So, in multigene families, a chromosomal translocation occurs.
The question is multiple choice:
A) by normal meiotic recombination
B) by normal mitotic recombination between sister chromatids
C) by transcription followed by recombination
D) by chromosomal translocation
E) by deletion followed by insertion
The true choice is D
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How energy is released in a fire?
The energy release in fire involves the conversion of chemical energy into thermal energy. Chemical energy is contained in the bonds between atoms and molecules.
Fire is a chemical process that produces carbon dioxide and water from a fuel and oxygen. It is an exothermic process, which produces heat. This is because the chemical bonds in the oxygen molecule are relatively weak, and the new bonds formed are more stable, resulting in a net energy generation.
The basic combustion equation for fire is: fuel + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water, which many of us learned in school. However, combustion processes do not go from oxygen to carbon dioxide immediately. Instead, a slew of intermediary molecules get in the way.
Incomplete combustion can occur, resulting in exceptionally high amounts of intermediate molecules. If a flame does not receive enough oxygen, it may create carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.
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__________ is a highly conserved nucleotide sequence that has been found in developmental regulatory genes in many diverse organisms.
A homeobox is a highly conserved nucleotide sequence that has been found in developmental regulatory genes in many diverse organisms.
A DNA segment called a homeobox, which is around 180 base pairs long, controls the early development of large-scale anatomical features. For instance, changes to a homeobox may affect the full-grown organism's large-scale anatomical traits. In many single cell eukaryotes, fungi, plants, and animals, homeoboxes are present inside genes that regulate the morphogenesis, or patterning of anatomical development.
As transcription factors with a distinctive protein fold structure that binds DNA to control the expression of target genes, homeobox genes produce homeodomain protein products. Early embryonic development is regulated by homeodomain proteins, which means that mutations in homeobox genes might result in developmental problems.
Hence, homeobox sequence is conserved in various organism.
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markita is sitting in the first row of a baseball game, when a foul ball comes streaking at her head. she barely has time to move out of the way, and narrowly avoids getting hit. which part of her nervous system will go into overdrive and mobilize her energy resources in the face of this near disaster?
Markita has hit herself with baseball game then her sympathetic nervous system willl response tkb the hitting stimuli.
Your sympathetic nervous system is high-quality acknowledged for its function in responding to risky or disturbing situations. The nervous system has sympathetic system that usually response to the act of stimulus.
In those situations, your sympathetic frightened machine turns on to hurry up your coronary heart rate, supply extra blood to regions of your frame that want extra oxygen or different responses to assist your get out of danger.
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members of the enterobacteriaceae can be distinguished from each other by: group of answer choices the ability to ferment lactose both motility and the ability to ferment lactose. the presence or absence of the enzyme oxidase. both motility and the presence or absence of the enzyme oxidase. motility.
Members of the Enterobacteriaceae can be distinguished from each other by both motility and the ability to ferment lactose.
There are numerous genera in the Enterobacteriaceae family that are connected to one another both biochemically and genetically. In terms of taxonomy, the Enterobacteriaceae family now consists of around 170 recognized species and 53 named genera, of which 26 genera are known to be connected to infections in humans. This family of bacteria contains a lot of well-known bacteria, including Yersinia, Escherichia coli, etc. They are tiny rods that are gram-negative. They are facultative, non-sporulating anaerobes. MacConkey agar is used to isolate and distinguish organisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family because they have basic nutritional needs.
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Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) plays a key role in supporting populations of fish and crabs in the shallow portions of the Chesapeake Bay and the rivers that flow into it. There are many species of underwater plants that make up SAV beds. Use what you know about photosynthesis and cellular respiration to explain why SAV beds are critical to the health of fish and crabs that live in the Chesapeake Bay. Use evidence and scientific reasoning to support your answer.
The Submerged aquatic vegetation plays a key role is the survival of the fish and crabs due to the by product of photosynthesis such as oxygen.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make use of green pigment called chlorophyll to manufacture their food through the use of energy from sunlight.
The by product of photosynthesis is oxygen which is in turn used by the aquatic animals such as the fish and crab for the cellular respiration.
Submerged aquatic vegetation is made up of aquatic plants that grow completely under water. They produce oxygen as by product of photosynthesis which is used by aquatic animals for survival.
The Submerged aquatic vegetation can be found in both freshwater and saltwater habitats.
Therefore, the submerged aquatic vegetation plays a key role is the survival of the fish and crabs due to the by product of photosynthesis such as oxygen.
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two populations of one species undergo allopatric speciation. prior to speciation the species had an herbivorous diet and engaged in competitions for mates via a dancing show of colors and movements. if the two new areas in which the two new species live contain exactly the same food, predators, and environmental conditions, what likely would have caused the rapid reproductive isolation?
Dynamic interactions between predator and prey populations . Animals with an unbalanced complement of chromosomes experience diminished fertility.
Even though individuals are not geographically isolated and are able to reproduce, how can sympatric speciation happen?For instance, sympatric speciation can happen when various subgroups of a population exploit the same habitats or resources but do so for different purposes. The American apple maggot fly is a prime illustration.
What occurs in the quizlet on allopatric speciation?Geographic isolation of a section of a population from the rest of the population causes allopatric speciation. Natural selection or random processes cause the makeup of isolated populations to diverge over time.
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What membranes of the maculae sacculi and utriculi are important in sensing gravity and motion?
The otolithic membranes of the maculae sacculi and utriculi are important in sensing gravity and motion. The vestibular system of the inner ear has a fibrous tissue called the otolithic membrane.
It is essential for how the brain interprets balance. In addition to measuring the linear acceleration of the body, the membrane also determines whether the head or the body is tilted.
Three pairs of otoliths, which differ in size and form, are present on each fish. Otoliths, which are a component of the fish's inner ear, provide fish the ability to hear, detect vibrations in the water, and sense balance so they may more easily traverse their environment.
Sound waves are converted into mechanical vibrations that excite the inner ear via the tympanic membrane (TM), which divides the middle ear from the external ear.
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samford micro lab final what types of conditions promote bacterial growth? what types of conditions inhibit bacterial growth?
Bacteria thrive in an environment that is warm, moist, protein-rich, pH neutral, or slightly acidic. Unfavorable conditions for bacterial development can be brought on by extremes in temperature, pressure, and pH.
The term FATTOM stands for food, acidity, time, temperature, oxygen, and moisture, which are all prerequisites for bacterial development.Because bacteria can not thrive in acidic environments, it is crucial to store low-acid items (such as many vegetables, fruits, cereals, etc.) correctly. A further defense against bacterial growth is to store food in low-oxygen conditions.
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4. Carrying capacity is a concept that:
A. applies to humans as well as plants and other animals
B. does not depend upon the amount of area in question
C. can be ignored by humans
D. determines the load a bridge can handle
Carrying capacity is a concept that applies to humans as well as plants and other animals (option A).
What is carrying capacity?Carrying capacity is the number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support.
Carrying capacity also describes the number of people, animals, or crops which a region can support without environmental degradation.
This applies to biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available.
Therefore, it can be said that option A is correct about carrying capacity.
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Some parasitic flatworms have a very complicated life cycle with more than one host. Infer why this might be adaptive.
Flatworms have suction device and hook rings on their heads to attach themselves to a host. Parasitic flatworms absorb nutrients directly from the host's digestive system with their suction. So that flatworms can live in several hosts during their cycle.
Flatworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. There are more than 25,000 species in the flatworm phylum.
The life cycle of this flatworm is quite long, starting from:
The egg (which usually comes out with feces) → then becomes a ciliated larva (miracidium) → water snail → sporocyst → redia → cercaria → leaves the snail's body → attaches to aquatic plants → forms cysts → consumed by certain animals → enters the intestine → enters the liver → until adulthood.
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Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.
a. True
b. False
True, Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.
A biofilm is a symbiotic community of surface-associated microbial cells encased in an extracellular polymeric material matrix. Van Leeuwenhoek discovered microbial biofilms by initially observing germs on tooth surfaces with his rudimentary microscopes.
Biofilms are common in nature because they are a microorganism's survival mechanism. They are intricate, slime-encased microbial communities that can be visible as slime layers on objects in water or at water-air interfaces. Plaque that accumulates on our teeth, slime that builds on shower tiles, and the slippery coating on pond rocks are all examples of biofilms. Bacteria in a biofilm adhere to surfaces and to one another.
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the cambrian explosion occurred 541 million years ago. this event resulted in an increase in _____.
541 million years ago, there was the Cambrian explosion. Multicellular organism diversity increased as a result of this event.
What happened after the Cambrian explosion?More than 500 million years ago, the Cambrian explosion took place. It was a time of rapid proliferation of many types of life on Earth and the beginning of the appearance of the majority of the major animal groupings in the fossil record.
What purpose did the Cambrian boom serve?The Cambrian epoch, which spanned roughly 542-488 million years ago, is known for having experienced the fastest emergence of new animal phyla and animal variety in Earth's history. This period, frequently referred to as the Cambrian explosion, is thought to have given rise to the majority of the animal phyla that are still extant today.
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the human body processes and eliminates food waste using the organs of the excretory system. which organelle performs a similar function in humans at the cellular level?
Waste from the body is processed and expelled through the excretory system. The organelles known as lysosomes carry out this function at the cellular level.
What purpose do lysosomes serve?The cell's digestive system, which demonstrates autophagy and destroys foreign particles, has been known as the lysosome. The macromolecules are broken down into pieces and subsequently removed from the cell.
Where do lysosomes reside in cells?As membrane-bound organelles, lysosomes store hydrolytic enzymes and other cellular waste in a space inside the membrane known as the lumen. The structure of a cell's lysosome is depicted in the diagram below. The lumen has a pH between 4.5 and 5.0, which means it is very acidic.
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____condition that causes the lungs to lose elasticity; permanently enlarges airways and destroys the alveoli in lung tissue.
emphysema condition that causes the lungs to lose elasticity; permanently enlarges airways and destroys the alveoli in lung tissue.
How long will someone who has emphysema live?Emphysema has a bad prognosis and an average life expectancy of roughly five years since most patients are really not diagnosed unless stage 2 or 3.Emphysema progression can be significantly slowed down by treatment and early detection.
What occurs if you develop emphysema?One of the disorders that makes up COPD is emphysema .Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that damages lung tissue gradually over time, particularly the alveoli.
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