a solute is dissolved in a liquid. how does the osmotic pressure of the solution compare to the osmotic pressure of the pure liquid?

Nicotine has molar mass nearly equal to 160.90 g/ mol

The two gas required different times to be diffused from the same container. Thus, the rate of diffusion has been proportional to the molar mass of the substance.

Thus, the ratio of the rate of two samples can be given by:

[tex]\frac{Rate ofA}{Rate of B}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{Molar mass of A}{Molar mass of B}[/tex]

Rate can be defined as the amount diffuses per unit time. The equation in terms of time can be given as:

[tex]\frac{Time of B}{Time of A}[/tex] =[tex]\sqrt \frac{molar mass of B}{Molar mass of A}[/tex]

Let gas B be Xenon, having diffusion time 75 sec, and molar mass 131.3 g/mol

[tex]\frac{75}{83}[/tex] =[tex]\sqrt\frac{131.3}{molar mass of A} }[/tex]

molar mass of A = 160.90g / mol

Nicotine has molar mass nearly equal to 160.90 g/ mol

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Explanatory type of variable is the temperature in sean's experiment.

What is a chemical reaction?

Chemical reaction is the process by which one or more compounds, known as reactants, change into one or more new ones, known as products. Chemical components or compounds make up substances. To produce various compounds as products, a chemical reaction rearranges the atoms that make up the reactants.

As an illustration, when breathing, oxygen is inhaled, which causes glucose to react with it to create carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Therefore, Explanatory type of variable is the temperature in sean's experiment.

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It has been demonstrated that osmium tetroxide is a useful reagent for hydroxylating olefins into their corresponding 1,2-diols. OsO₄ can be employed either stoichiometrically or catalytically when secondary oxidizing agents are present (H₂O₂, hydroperoxides, amine N-oxides, etc.).

It has been demonstrated that this hydroxylation takes place through the mediation of Os(VI) cyclic osmate esters, which are then hydrolyzed to the diols. A structural analysis of several of these esters revealed that they can exist as syn- and anti-[Os₂O₄(O₂alkene)₂] dimers  and , or as diester monomers [OsO₄(O₂alkene)₂] . It is possible to create isolable bis(adducts)  in the presence of amines, particularly pyridine.

Even though these aren't organometallic complexes, the process by which they arise might use organometallic precursors. Recently, it has been proposed that the electropositive osmium core of the Osdouble bond bond is where an olefin will most likely attack [OsO₄]. Osmium metallacycles can rearrange to become cyclic diesters after first forming

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Draw curved arrows (0 the reactants to show the formation of new bonds and the breaking of old bonds in the following situations.

1. Diels -The double-burbed curved arrow used in the Alder reaction t0 represents the movement of a pair of electrons.

2. Disregard Ione pairs and non-bonding electrons.

3. Choose Dram More Erase Rings.

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Hybridization would be sp2 if the bond angle between the two adjacent angle is 120 degrees.

What is hybridization ?

The idea of combining two atomic orbitals to create a new class of hybridised orbitals is known as hybridization in chemistry. This mixing typically produces hybrid orbitals with completely distinct energies, geometries, etc.

An atom's s and two p orbitals from the same shell combine to generate three equivalent orbitals when sp2 hybridization occurs. The newly created orbitals are known as sp2 hybrid orbitals.

Angles in the trigonal symmetry are found to be at 120 degrees and they show sp2 hybridization.

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The molar mass of an unknown non-electrolyte is 165g/mol.

What is molar mass?

The molar mass of a chemical compound is defined in chemistry as the mass of a sample of that compound divided by the amount of substance, which is the number of moles in that sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a substance is a bulk, rather than a molecular, characteristic.

∆T = imK 

∆T= 5.5 - 5.14 = 0.36 degrees 

Van't Hoff factor for a non-electrolyte is 1; molality is moles of unknown per kilogram of solvent; and constant is 5.12

When we solve for 'm', we have...

m = ∆T/(i)(K) = 0.36/5.12 m = 0.0703 moles unknown/kg solvent

Since the solvent has a mass of 50 g that is = 0.050kg

0.0703 mol/kg x 0.050 kg = 0.00351moles

molar mass = 0.58g/0.00351 mol = 165 g/mol

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There is a high probability that the unknown compound that chemistry lab students are identifying through flame test procedures is zinc.

Metals that crystallize in one type of crystalline structure are beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, magnesium, titanium, zinc, and zirconium.

Among these metals, zinc is the only bluish-white one that burns in air with a bluish-green flame.

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According to the research, the correct answer is Option A. The statement "The atoms absorb energy" describes what happens when a bond between two atoms is broken.

It is the union established by two component atoms of the same compound.

In this sense, they are constituted from the attraction that is registered between opposite charges, in a process that aims at the search for stability, these can be broken, reconstituted or experience both processes, either to absorb or release energy.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed, this is because when bonds are broken and formed, energy is absorbed and released respectively.

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The number of grams of Na used in the reaction is 0.414 g.

What is vapour pressure?

The tendency of a substance to transform into a gaseous or vapour state is measured by vapour pressure, which increases with temperature.

Given data:

Volume of gas, V = 246 mL = 0.246 L

Temperature, T = 25 degree C =298 K

Total pressure, PT = 1.0 atm

Pressure of water = 0.0313 atm

The vapor pressure of gas, P = PT-  vapor pressure of water

                                              =1.0 atm - 0.0313 atm

                                             = 0.9687 atm

∴ Number of moles of gas,

n = PV / RT

= (0.9687 atm) (0.246 L) / (0.082 Latm/mol.K) (298K)

=0.238/

= 0.009 mol

According to the stoichiometric equation twomoles of Na(s) are required to produce one mole of hydrogengas

∴ Number of moles of Na(s) is required

= moles of gas * 2

= 0.009 mol *2

= 0.018 mol

Mass of Na(s) required

= moles * atomic mass ofNa

= 0.018 mol *23 g/mol

= 0.414 g

Therefore, the number of grams of Na used in the reaction is 0.414 g.

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As the electrostatic force, Fe, of the ionic compounds increases, the melting point of the ionic compounds will go up.

The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which the solid begins to melt.

The melting point of a pure solid occurs at a definite temperature. During the process of melting, the temperature of the solid remains constant as all the heat supplied to the substance is used to break up the energy of the intermolecular forces between the particles of the substance.

Hence, the stronger the intermolecular forces between the particles of a substance, the higher will be the melting point.

For ionic compounds, the stronger the electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions, the higher the melting point of the ionic compound will be.

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The volume of carbon (iv) oxide measured at S.T.P. that is evolved when one mole of copper (ii) carbonate is heated to constant mass is 22.4 L.

The volume of carbon dioxide produced when one  mole of copper (ii) carbonate is heated to constant mass is given by the equation of the reaction given below;

CuCO₃ (s)  ----> CuO (s) + CO₂ (g)

The mole ratio of the reaction shown above is 1 : 1 for copper carbonate and carbon dioxide.

From the equation of the reaction, one mole of copper carbonate when heated to a constant mass produces one mole of carbon dioxide.

The volume of one mole of carbon dioxide is equal to the volume of one mole of a gas.

The volume of one mole of a gas at STP is 22.4 L

Hence the volume of carbon dioxide evolved is 22.4 L

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The electronic configuration of neutral atom of selenium is

           1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2  4p4.

Chemical element selenium has the symbol Se and its atomic number is 34. It comes in the category of non-metals. Selenium consists of 34 electrons distribution in its 4 orbits. Valence electrons are the electrons which are located in the outermost shell of the atom or molecule. Selenium has 6 electrons in its outermost shell

So electronic configuration of selenium define as:

     1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2  4p4.

The neutral atom in selenium is Ar. so, The electronic configuration of Argon  is represented as ,

        1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

The number of valence electrons is defined as the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom. So, in the case of selenium, there are 6 valence electrons. so, like this we can write the electronic configuration of selenium.

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Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. To solve such, we need to know the relation between rate of effusion and molar mass of gases. Therefore, the molar mass of unknown gas is 48 g/mol. The correct option is option E.

Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.

Mathematically the relation between rate of effusion of gases and their molar masses can be given as:

rate of effusion of unknown gas/rate of effusion of nitrogen gas=√molar mass of nitrogen /molar mass of particular gas

Substituting all the given values we get

2.5 × 10⁻⁶÷ 3.3 × 10⁻⁶=√28÷ molar mass of unknown gas

0.56=28g÷ molar mass of unknown gas

molar mass of unknown gas =48 g/mol

Therefore, the molar mass of unknown gas is 48 g/mol. The correct option is option E.

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In a calorimeter, when an exothermic reaction takes place in solution, the heat generated by the reaction is absorbed by the solution, raising its temperature.

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The ph of the solution after 24.00 ml of the hcl has been added is 2.59.

Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.

Calculation:-

C₁ =  0.25 M naoh

V₁ = 24 ml = 0.024 L

C₂ = 0.10 M

V₂ =  24.00 ml

concentration of acid                                           concentration of base

concentration = N₁V₁                                                   N₂V₂

                        = 0.024 L × 0.25 M                          = 0.10 × 0.024 L  

                         = 6 × 10⁻³   N                                      = 2.4 × 10⁻³ N
Net concentration = 6 × 10⁻³ - 2.4 × 10⁻³

                              = 2.6 10⁻³

pH = - log  [ 2.6 10⁻³ ]

     = 3 - log2.6

     = 3 - 0.41

      = 2.59

The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.

The Concentration of an answer is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute.

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The 6 required elements of a supplier label are product identifier, supplier identifier , the signal word, the hazard statement, pictograms and the precautionary statement.

The supplier label must requires the 6 elements that is product identifier that is the name of the product and the ingredients of the product., supplier identifier that the information about the supplier such as supplier name and  company , the signal word, the hazard statement this helps to use the chemical or while transferring the chemical, pictograms and the precautionary statement.

Thus, product identifier, supplier identifier , the signal word, the hazard statement, pictograms and the precautionary statement required for the supplier label.

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At the state of equilibrium,  the concentrations of reactants relative to the concentrations of products will be A) [Reactants] = [Products].

In the field of chemistry, equilibrium can be described as a state during which the amount of reactants is equal to the amount of product that is being produced from the reaction.

In other words, there are equal moles of the reactants as well as equal moles of the products at the stage of equilibrium for a reaction.

When writing the state of equilibrium in a reaction, we will represent this stage as  [Reactants] = [Products]. After this stage, more of the reactants will be utilized for the formation of products.

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Fluorine is the most reactive of all the elements in the periodic table.

It reacts all the other elements except the lighter noble gases (He, Ne and Ar). It reacts with "Xe" under mild condition to form 'Xe' fluorides.

Reactions of F(2) with many elements are vigorous and often explosives. In the passive form a few metals such as 'Cu, Ni, Fe' and 'Al' acquire a protective fluoride coating.

However ,if these metals are in powdered form (with a large surface area) or if the reaction mixture is heated ,then the reaction is vigorous. The reactivity of the other halogens decreases in the order 'Cl > Br > I.'

Chlorine and bromine reacts with most of the elements thorugh less vigorously than does fluoride. Iodine is less reactive and does not combine with some elements such as 'S' and 'Se'.

Fluorine and chlorine often oxidize elements further than do bromine and iodine, by this means bringing out ghigher valcances: 'PF_(5), PCl_(5), SF_(6)' etc.

The great reactivity of fluorine is attributable to two factors:

(i) The low bond dissociation enthalpy of the 'F-F' bond which results in a low activation energy for the energy.

(ii) The very strong bond which are formed.  

Both of these properties arise form the small size of fluorine. The weak 'F-F' bond arises because of repulsion between the lone pair of electons on the two 'F' atoms. Strong bonds arise because of the high coordination number '(SF_(6))' and high lattice enthalpy '(CaF_(2))'

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The possible volume of the resulting solution if a student adds 14.0 mL of water to 12.0 mL of alcohol is 26.0mL (option D).

Volume is a measure of the amount of space that matter occupies. Matter is defined as a physical substance that occupies space and has a mass.

In physical sciences like chemistry, the standard unit of volume is cubic metres (m³). From this, other units are derived including litre (L) and millilitre (mL).

According to this question, a student adds 14.0 mL of water to 12.0 mL of alcohol. These substances are both liquid meaning that the volume of the resulting solution will increase as follows:

12 + 14 = 26.0mL

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

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The mass percent of a solution prepared by dissolving 18.9 grams of solid into 39.5 grams of water is 32.4%

Mass of the solute = 18.9 gggg

Mass of the solvent = 39.5 g

Mass of the solution = Mass of the solute + Mass of the solvent = 58.4 g

The mass percent of the solute in the solution:

Mass of solute×100/mass of solution = 32.4%

What is mass?

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Answer:

0.001585 Mol/dm³

Explanation:

Hydrogen ion concentration = 10^(-pH)

10^(-2.8) = 1.5849 × 10^(-3)

The meter was defined in 1963 as the length equal to 1650763.73 wavelengths of the orange red radiation emitted by the kryton-86 atom. 606 nm is the wavelength.

Radiation is the name for energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light. In addition to being accompanied by an electric field and a magnetic field, this energy possesses wave-like characteristics. The term "radiation" can also refer to electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic wave spectrum electromagnetic spectrum presented in its whole. Different types of electromagnetic radiation can be found in the natural world. Among them is visible light. Gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet light are the three radiation types with the most energy. X-rays and gamma rays have a lot of energy. When they interact with atoms, they have the capacity to rob electrons from them, ionizing the atom. Protons and neutrons are mixed in unstable ways in radioactive atoms. An unstable atom will release energy on its own to move into a more stable state, which is radioactivity. The energy that is released by a radioactive atom is known as ionizing radiation. The term "radioactive isotope" refers to radioactive atoms of the same element with varying neutron counts.

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O Three more trials were conducted and the data was recorded.

In chemistry, attention is the abundance of a constituent divided by the entire extent of a combination. several kinds of mathematical descriptions can be outstanding: mass awareness, molar awareness, range attention, and volume concentration.

The awareness of the solution tells you the way much solute has been dissolved within the solvent. as an example, in case you upload one teaspoon to 2 cups of water, the attention may be mentioned as 1 t salt per 2 c water. The vinegar label will file that the solution is 5% via weight acetic acid.

The concentration of a Solute. There are basic ways of reporting the concentration of a solute in a solvent, via reporting the mass of the solute in a given volume, or the variety of moles of solute in a given quantity.

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The solution to the problem gives you the potassium chloride, KCl, solubility in water at 20°C, which is stated to be 34 g/100 g H2O. This indicates that at 20 °C.

34 g of dissolved salt will be present in a saturated potassium chloride solution for every 100 g of water. One or more solutes combined uniformly in a solvent form a solution. One typical example of a solution is adding sugar cubes to a cup of tea or coffee. Solubility is a characteristic that makes sugar molecules more soluble. Consequently, the word "solubility" can be used to describe a quality of a substance (solute). The metal halide salt potassium chloride (KCl, often known as potassium salt) is made up of both potassium and chlorine.

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The information is not required on a workplace label is the particular language border.

The workplace label not need to required the particular border of the language but the do need the following things that is the data of the product identification for the secure product handling. the workplace label is useful for the identification of the hazardous chemical that has been transferred the one of the container to the other container. the name of the chemical should be written as same as on the SDS.

Thus, the particular language border is the information  is not require in the workplace label.

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The reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid, with the chemical formula NaOH + H2SO4, produces sodium sulfate and water (NaSO4 + H2O).


This acid-base reaction results in the production of salt and water. here in this particular reaction sodium sulfate is salt (product of the neutralisation reaction).
• Caustic soda is an inorganic strong base also referred to as sodium hydroxide, with chemical formula NaOH.
• Sulfuric acid, which is a more potent acid, with the chemical formula H2SO4 as opposed to sodium hydroxide's NaOH.


The interaction of H2SO4 and NaOH results in an acid-base reaction. Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, both acid and base mix to form sodium sulphate; NaSO4, a salt, as well as water as byproducts. This reaction serves as an example of  neutralisation reaction.


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2g is the amount of NaOH needed for preparation of 200 mL of 0.25 N solution

Given that;

Concentration of Solution = 0.25 N

Volume of solution = 200 ml = 0.2 L

To find the mass of NaOH we will use following equation ;

Normality(N) = [tex]\frac{Mass of NaOH(m)}{Molar mass of NaOH(M)}[/tex] ×[tex]\frac{1000}{Volume(in ml)}[/tex]

Molar mass of NaOH = 22 + 16 + 2 = 40g/mol

Thus,0.25 = [tex]\frac{Mass of NaOH(m)}{40}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{1000}{200}[/tex]

Mass of NaOH = 0.25 × 40 × 0.2

Mass of NaOH = 2 g

So, 2g of NaOH is Used to prepare 200ml of 0.25N  solution

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Answer:

[tex]C_{6}[/tex][tex]H_{12} O_{6}[/tex]

Explanation:

the molecular weight of the empirical formula:

12+2+16=30

to find ratio of molecular:

180/20=6

multiply the number of atoms of each element by 6 to get [tex]C_{6}[/tex][tex]H_{12} O_{6}[/tex]