The process of adding a solid to a liquid to make a mixture is called Dispersion. The mixture can be a solution or a suspension.
For the mixture to be totally in a state of equilibrium, the mixture has to be a solution, which means that the solid particles have fully dissolved in the liquid, otherwise known as a solvent.
Dispersions could result in different mixtures which are named according to how they appear. An example is a suspension, which appears to be partly dissolved in the liquid to form a semi-solid mixture.
Dispersions could also result in emulsions and colloids, all of which have large particles and are non-crystalline in nature.
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What does phosphate do to chlorine?
The efficiency of chlorine is hampered by phosphates, which also indirectly raise chlorine demand.
Because of this, our third pillar of proactive pool maintenance is the removal of phosphates to maintain their levels below 500 ppb (g/L). Because they weren't always a problem, phosphorus in pool chemistry is a misunderstood problem.
Phosphates are chemical substances that are frequently found in water and are formed of phosphorous and oxygen. PO4, also referred to as orthophosphate, is the most prevalent basic phosphate unit. Phosphates can be produced from phosphoric acid as salts or esters, to put it simply. Phosphates are important in swimming pools because they provide food for pollutants like algae to reproduce.
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phosphoric acid is tribasic, with pka's of 2.14, 6.86, and 12.4. the ionic form that predominates at ph 7.2 is:
Phosphoric acid is tribasic, with pka's of 2.14, 6.86, and 12.4. the ion form that predominates at ph 7.2 is Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is tribasic, with pKa's of 2.14, 6.86, and 12.4.
What is ion?
An ion is an atom or group of atoms in which the number of electrons, s, differs from the number of protons, s. If the number of electrons is less than the number of protons, the particle is a positive ion, also called a positive ion.
Therefore, Phosphoric acid is tribasic, with pka's of 2.14, 6.86, and 12.4. the ion form that predominates at ph 7.2 is Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is tribasic, with pKa's of 2.14, 6.86, and 12.4.
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What would happen if you used equal masses of all the compounds? For example, 2.00 grams as opposed to equal moles of each compound? O Equal masses would produce different amounts of CO, Equal masses would produce the same amount of CO2 Equal masses would show extreme variation and be difficult to measure in the lab.
Equal masses have different amounts of CO, but equal masses have the same amount of CO2. Equivalent masses are highly variable and difficult to measure in the laboratory.
Density is a measure that combines matter, mass, and volume. Density is determined by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume. Grams are commonly used to measure mass. As for volume, solids are measured in cubic centimeters or cubic meters, liquids in liters or milliliters.
The two items which have same loads head closer to every different at same speeds after which stick together. The items come to relaxation after sticking together, preserving momentum however now no longer kinetic electricity when they collide. Some of the electricity of movement receives transformed to thermal electricity, or heat.
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Computational chemistry calculates physical and chemical properties of compounds based upon: _________
Computational chemistry calculates physical and chemical properties of compounds based upon theory and observation
In the field of chemistry, computational chemistry can be described as a branch of chemistry in which simulations from the computer are used to calculate the chemical and physical properties of a compound.
Theories and observations are formed about a compound using chemical simulations in the field of computational chemistry. These theories and observations help in calculations and statistical analysis of the compounds. Based on this analysis, the accurate physical, as well as chemical properties of compounds, can be attributed to them.
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what conditions must be true for the michaelis-menten formality to be applicable to an enzymatic reaction?
The conditions are:
1. An enzyme must catalyze the reaction.
2. The reaction must involve a substrate and a product.
3. The substrate concentration must determine the reaction rate.
4. The reaction must follow first-order kinetics.
5. The reaction must be reversible.
6. The enzyme must be in a steady state with respect to the substrate.
7. The enzyme must not be saturated with substrate.
8. The rate of the reaction must be proportional to the amount of enzyme present.
The Michaelis-Menten formality is a mathematical model used to describe the kinetics of an enzymatic reaction, and it is applicable when the following conditions are met:
1. The reaction must be a reversible, single-substrate reaction, meaning that a single substrate binds to the enzyme, forms an enzyme-substrate complex, and then the product is released.
2. The reaction must be at steady state, meaning the rate of formation of the enzyme-substrate complex is equal to the rate of its breakdown.
3. The reaction must be at equilibrium, meaning the concentrations of the enzyme, substrate, and product remain constant.
4. The reaction must follow a simple kinetic mechanism, meaning the rate of the reaction is determined solely by the substrate concentration.
5. The reaction must have an initial rate that is linearly proportional to the enzyme concentration.
6. The reaction must have a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) that is independent of the enzyme concentration.
7. The reaction must have an enzyme that is not inhibited by the product.
8. There must be a single, rate-limiting step.
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what is the molar mass of a 4.60 g sample of gas exerting 0.750 atm of pressure at 335 k in a 3.00 l container? use 0.08206latmmolk for the ideal gas constant. report your answer using three significant figures.
0.07437264251 is the molar mass of a 4.60 g sample of gas exerting 0.750 atm of pressure at 335 k in a 3.00 l container? use 0.08206latmmolk for the ideal gas constant.
Using the gas law, first compute the moles of the gas.
Where n is the number of moles and R is the gas constant, PV = nRT. To obtain molar mass, first divide the given mass by the number of moles.
Determine moles
Mass given/known: 4.60g
P=0.750 atm, or pressure
volume:V=3000×1L/1000
mL=3 L
R=0.082057338 L atm K mol 1 for the gas constant.
temperature:T=335k
Unknown
n
Equation
PV=nRT
Solution
Rearrange the equation to isolate n and solve.
n=PVRT
n = 0.750 atm*3 L*0.082057338 L atm K*1 Mol*335 K = 61.8507
(I'm preserving a few guard digits to help with rounding. At the end, I'll round to three important values.)
Molar Gas Mass
Grams/mol = Molar mass
Molar mass=4.60g/61.8507mol=0.07437264251
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What materials are exempt from labeling requirements?
The materials are exempt from labeling requirements are food , drugs and cosmetics.
The label are the sets of the written statement that describes the product of the identification that is the name of the product the product identification. it also includes the hazardous statement that helps to handle the chemical while transferring from the one container to the another one. the labels help to the customer to identify the product according to their need. there are some material which are exempt from the label requirement.
Thus, the foods, the drugs and the cosmetic material are exempt from the labeling requirement.
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Rank from highest to lowest boiling point. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
1)paraffin, C36H74
2)methane, CH4
3)hexane, C6H14
4)2-2dimethylbutane, C6H14
5)Hexadecane, C16H34
Rank from highest to lowest boiling point
paraffin, C36H74 hexadecane, C16H34hexane, C6H14 2-2dimethylbutane, C6H14methane, CH4 What is boiling point point?The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure around it and the liquid transforms into a vapor is known as the boiling point of a substance.It measures the point at which a chemical boils, to put it simply. A higher boiling point denotes more intermolecular forces and, thus, less vapour pressure, similar to a higher melting point.A liquid's boiling point is influenced by temperature, air pressure, and the liquid's vapor pressure. Boiling starts when the liquid's vapor pressure and air pressure are equal.To learn more about boiling point refer,
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calculate the volume of 6.00 m hbr in mililiters that would be required to react with 2.46 g of na2co3
The volume of 6.00M HBr in milliliters that would be required to react with 2.46 g of na2co3 is 7.6mL
The balanced chemical equation is:
Na2CO3(s)1 mol+2HBr(aq)2 mol→2NaBr(aq)+H2O+CO2
Moles of Na2CO3 present =2.46/106=0.023
(Molar mass =2×23+12+3×16=106)
Now, according to the equation,
1 mol of Na2CO3 requires 2 moles of HBr
0.023 mol of Na2CO3 requires moles of HBr = 2×0.023=0.046 mol
Now, 6 mole of 6M HCl is present in 1000 mL
0.046 mol of 6M HCl would be present in =(1000/6)×0.046 =7.6 mL
What is volume?
Volume is a measure of the occupied three-dimensional space. Often quantified numerically using SI units (such as cubic meters and liters) or using various imperial or US customary units (such as gallons, quarts, and cubic inches).To know more about volume, click the link given below:
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A manometer was attached to a vessel containing argon. The difference in the mercury levels in the two arms of the manometer was 12. 2cm. Atmospheric pressure was 783 mm hg. The pressure of the argon in the container was _____ mmhg.
A manometer was attached to a vessel containing argon. The difference in the mercury levels in the two arms of the manometer was 12. 2cm. Atmospheric pressure was 783 mm hg. The pressure of the argon in the container was 122 mmhg.
In the given problem, the height of the column is not affected by atmospheric pressure because the ends of the pressure gauge are closed.
The height difference of the mercury mirror is
h= 12.2 cm= 122m
Closing the manometer, we found that the pressure of the gas was equal to the height.
P gas = h
For this reason,
P gas = 12 mmHg
This pressure is caused by the presence of gas.
Therefore, the pressure of argon gas in the the container was 122 mmHg
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What mass of Na2SO4 is produced if 49 gram of H2SO4 reacts with 80 gram of NaOH?
71 g of Na2SO4 is produced if 49 gram of H2SO4 reacts with 80 gram of NaOH
Given that;
Mass of Na2SO4 is 49 gram
Mass of NaOH is 80 gram
To find number of mol we have to find molar mass of each element ;
Molar mass of Na2SO4 = 98 g/mol
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol
So, Number of mol(n) of Na2SO4 = 49/98
n(Na2SO4) = 0.5 mol of H2SO4
Number of mol(n) of NaOH = 80/40
n(NaOH) = 2 moles of NaOH
According to the balanced chemical reaction ; H2SO4 + 2 NaOH –––> Na2SO4 + 2 H2O one mol of H2SO4 react with 2 mol of NaOH to form 1 mol of Na2SO4, same as 0.5 mol of H2SO4 react with 1 mol of NaOH to form 0.5 mol Na2SO4
H2SO4 + 2 NaOH –––> Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
(1) .. .. .. .. (2) .. .. .. .. .. .. (1) .. .. Then,
(0.5) .. .. .. (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. (0.5)
H2SO4 is the limiting and NaOH is the excess reagent.
So,0.5 mol of Na2SO4 is formed .
Mass of Na2SO4 = mol of Na2SO4 × molar mass of Na2SO4
Mass of Na2SO4 = 0.5 × 142
Mass of Na2SO4 = 71 g of Na2SO4
So, 71 g of Na2SO4 will produced
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the combustion of 40.5 mg of a compound extracted from the bark of the sassafras tree and known to contain c, h, and o produces 110.0 mg co2 and 22.5 mg h2o. the molar mass of the compound is 162 g/mol. what is the molecular formula?
The molecular formula is C10H10O2.
What is molecular formula?
The number of atoms of each constituent element that constitute a given molecule are described by its molecular formula.
Mass of the compound extracted from the bark of the sassafras tree =40.5mg
Mass of CO2 obtained= 110.0mg
Mass of water obtained=22.5g
Calculation of percentage of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
12 g of Carbon is present in 44 g of CO2. Similarly 2 g of H is present in 18 g of water. Using this we calculate
Percentage of C = 12/44.mass of CO2/ total mass of compound *100
= 12/44.110.0/ 40.5 *100
=74.07
Percentage of H = 2/18.mass of H2O/ mass of compound *100
= 2/18.22.5/ 40.5 *100
=6.17
Percentage of O =100-6.17-74.07
=19.76 ( As compound contains only C H and O).
Hence, Empirical Formula is C5H5O.
Molecular mass of compound= 162g/mol
Empirical mass = 60+5+16=81g/mol
So, multiplying factor (n) = Molar mass/empirical mass= 162/81=2
So, Molecular formula= (C5H5O)2= C10H10O2.
Therefore, the molecular formula is C10H10O2.
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a sample of iodine-131 has an activity of 200 mci. if the half-life of iodine-131 is 8.0 days, what activity is observed after 16 days?
The half-life of iodine-131 is 8.0 days
Activity= 200mci
After 16 days the activity would be= 100mci
What is iodine?
Iodine happens in many oxidation states, along with iodide (I−), iodate and the various periodate anions. it's far the least considerable of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first maximum considerable detail. Because the heaviest vital mineral nutrient, iodine is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency influences approximately billion people and is the leading preventable motive of highbrow disabilities.The dominant producers of iodine nowadays are Chile and Japan. Due to its high atomic wide variety and simplicity of attachment to natural compounds, it has also discovered favor as a non-toxic radiocontrast cloth. Because of the specificity of its uptake by the human frame, radioactive isotopes of iodine can also be used to treat thyroid cancer.To know more about iodine, click the link given below:
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100. ml of 0.200 m hcl is titrated with 0.250 m naoh . part a what is the ph of the solution after 50.0 ml of base has been added? express the ph numerically.
The ph numerically is 7.00.
What is ph?
Measure of an aqueous solution's basicity or acidity in numbers. The phrase, which is frequently used in chemistry, biology, and agronomy, converts the hydrogen ion concentration, which typically ranges between 1 and 1014 gram-equivalents per litre, into numbers between 0 and 14.
What is titration?
A exact amount of a different substance—one that the desired constituent reacts with in a specific, known proportion—is added to the sample under test in the process of titration, a type of chemical analysis, to determine how much of each constituent is present.
moles HCl = 0.100 L x 0.200 M = 0.0200
moles NaOH = 0.0500 L x 0.250 M=0.0125
moles HCl in excess = 0.0200 - 0.0125 =0.00750
total volume = 0.150 L
[H+]= 0.00750/ 0.150L=0.0500 M
pH = - log 0.0500=1.30
at the equivalence point moles H+ = moles OH- so pH = 7.00
Therefore, the ph numerically is 7.00.
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Why must lithium levels be carefully monitored in individuals who take this medication?
Lithium levels be carefully monitored in individuals who take this medication if levels are too high, you may experience lithium toxicity
The lightest of the solid elements is lithium (Li), an element belonging to Group 1 (Ia) of the periodic table. A number of its alloys and compounds, as well as the soft, white, and lustrous metal itself, are produced on an industrial scale. By electrolyzing a fused mixture of lithium and potassium chlorides, lithium metal is created. Lower-temperature operation of the electrolysis is made possible by the mixture's lower melting point (400-420 °C, or 750-790 °F) compared to that of pure lithium chloride (610 °C, or 1,130 °F). Lithium is deposited at a purity level higher than 97 percent because the voltage at which decomposition of lithium chloride occurs is lower than that of potassium chloride. Lithium is produced electrolytically using graphite anodes.
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How many grams of chlorine gas are found in a 12.7 L sample at STP.
Considering the definition of STP conditions, a mass of 20.10 grams of chlorine gas is found in a 12.7 L sample at STP.
STP conditionsSTP conditions refer to standard temperature and pressure, using 1 atmosphere and 0 °C as reference values for gases. Under these conditions, 1 mole of any gas occupies an approximate volume of 22.4 liters.
Molar massThe molar mass of substance is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.
Mass of chlorine gasIn this case, you can apply the following rule of three: if by definition of STP conditions 22.4 liters of chlorine is occupied by 1 mole of chlorine, 12.7 liters is occupied by how many moles of chlorine?
moles= (12.7 liters× 1 mole)÷ 22.4 liters
moles= 0.567 moles
The molar mass of chlorine is 35.45 g/mole.
Now, you can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of molar mass 1 mole of chlorine has a mass of 35.45 grams, 0.567 moles of chlorine has how much mass?
mass= (0.567 moles× 35.45 grams)÷ 1 mole
mass= 20.10 grams
Finally, a mass of 20.10 grams of chlorine gas is present.
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given the electronegativity values of c (2.5), n (3.0), o (3.5), and s (2.5), which of the following molecules have polar bonds? question 5 options: a) carbon dioxide, co2 b) none of the above c) sulfur dioxide, so2 d) all of the above e) nitrogen dioxide, no2
Polar covalent bonds with an electronegativity difference of at least 0.5 are present in every one of the above compounds.
The sharing of electrons between two atoms defines covalent bonds. The polarity of a certain covalent bond is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms. Between atoms with identical electronegativities, a non-polar covalent link is created, whereas between atoms with electronegativities ranging from 0.5 to 1.7, a polar covalent bond is created. Carbon and oxygen are bound together. Bund is hence polar. since their electro negativities differ. Different electronegativities apply to O and S. Therefore, the bond is polar and N and O have different electronegativities, Polar connection is also. Over a time, electronegativity increases from left to right. When the valence shell is nearly full, an atom's pull on the bonding pair's electrons is greatest.
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elect the intermolecular force that is overcome when hexane is converted from a liquid to a gas. ion dipole forces hydrogen bonding London dispersion forces O dipole dipole forces
The intermolecular force that is overcome when hexane is converted from a liquid to a gas is London dispersion forces
Bulk properties, such as the boiling and melting points of liquids, are determined by intermolecular forces. When molecules in a liquid have enough thermal energy to overcome the forces holding them together, called intermolecular forces, bubbles of vapour are created inside the liquid. Similar to liquids, solids melt when their molecules gather sufficient thermal energy to dislodge the intermolecular forces holding them in place. Electrostatic in nature, intermolecular forces result from the interaction of positively and negatively charged species. Intermolecular interactions are the sum of both attractive and repulsive elements, similar to covalent and ionic bonds. Intermolecular interactions are most significant for solids and liquids because electrostatic interactions rapidly diminish with increasing distance between molecules.
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a sample initially contains 5.2 moles of a radioactive isotope. how much of the sample remains after four half-lives?
A sample initially contains 5.2 moles of a radioactive isotope. 0.325 moles much of the sample remains after four half-lives.
What is radioactive isotope?A chemical element in an unstable state that emits radiation as it decomposes and becomes more stable. Radioisotopes can be created in a lab or in the natural world. They are utilised in imaging studies and therapy in medicine. Also known as a radionuclide.
There are several uses for radioactive isotopes. Cobalt-60, for instance, is frequently used as a radiation source in medicine to halt the spread of cancer. For diagnostic reasons and in studies on metabolic processes, other radioactive isotopes are utilized as tracers.
After each half life, substance reduces by half after n half life:
A/A₀ = (1/2)ⁿ
Given that, A₀ = 5.2 moles
no. of half-lives (n) = 4
Thus,
A/5.2 = (1/2)⁴
or, A/5.2 = 0.0625
or, A = 0.0625 × 5.2
or, A = 0.325 moles.
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What are bonds example?
Some Examples of primary bonds such as ionic bond,covalent bond and metallic bond;
-Example of an ionic bond is the formation of sodium fluoride, NaF, from a sodium atom and a fluorine atom
-Covalent bonds usually occur between nonmetals. For example, in water (H2O) each hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) share a pair of electrons to make a molecule of two hydrogen atoms single bonded to a single oxygen atom.
-Metallic bonding, is especially common in minerals involving transition metals. Gold, silver, and copper are examples of minerals with metallic bonds.
Chemical Bond and its type :-
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms or ions that enables the formation of molecules and crystals. The bond may result from the electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds, or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" or "primary bonds" such as covalent, ionic and metallic bonds, and "weak bonds" or "secondary bonds" such as dipole–dipole interactions, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding. Strong chemical bonding arises from the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms.
There are three primary types of bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic.
An ionic bond is formed when valence electrons are transferred from one atom to the other to complete the outer electron shell.
A covalent bond is formed when the valence electrons from one atom are shared between two or more particular atoms.
A metallic bond is formed when the valence electrons are not associated with a particular atom or ion, but exist as a "cloud" of electrons around the ion centres.
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select sulfur hexafluoride, sf6, and set the mass to 4.00 g. what amount (in moles) of sf6 does 4.00 g of sf6 represent?
6.022x10^23 molecules are contained by any compound consisting of 1 mole. Similarly 1 molecule of sulfur hexafluoride, SF6 contains 0.00425 moles.
An inorganic chemical having the formula SF6 is sulfur hexafluoride. It is a gas that has no color, no smell, is not combustible, and is not harmful. Six fluorine atoms are joined to a sulfur atom in the middle of the compound SF 6, which has an octahedral structure. It is a molecule with a high valent. An artificial, odorless gas called SF6 is utilized in the energy sector to maintain the security and dependability of networks. Because it is highly stable, non-toxic, inflammable, and electronegative, it won't combine with other substances that would change how it behaves or how effective it is.
Number of moles =compound mass/molar mass
Given mass of SF6 is 4g
Molar mass of SF6 sulfur hexafluoride is 1xmolar mass of sulfur + 6xmolar mass of fluorine = 1x32 +6x19 = 146g
number of moles in SF6 = 4/146 = 0.027
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Does STP mean one mole?
Answer:
No. STP is an acronym for Standard Temperature Pressure. There is a useful conversion factor that involves one mole: One mole of any gas osscupies 22.4 liters.
Explanation:
22.4 liters/mole of any gas at STP (Standard Temperatue Pressure)
chemical combination of two or more atoms that form a specific chemical compound
A molecule is a chemical compound that is created when two or more atoms are combined. Water is an illustration of a molecule (H2O H 2 O ).
Which of the following pairs of atoms, when combined chemically, results in a particular chemical compound?A structure made up of two or more atoms that are chemically connected to one another is called a molecule. A compound or elemental molecule could be the structure.
What is a substance created chemically when two or more elements are combined in specific ratios?Two or more elements are mixed in specific amounts and precise proportions through chemical bonding to form compounds. A substance is a pure form of matter that cannot be physically separated from or refined further.
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Question:-
Which of the following is a chemical combination of two or more atoms that form specific chemical compound?
Which model could represent a neutral atom of boron?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 1
D. 2
Answer: The option B. 3 is the answer.
Explanation:Boron has an Atomic mass of 11 and 5 protons and 6 Neutrons.
The Electrons are also in the correct positions to be a boron atom.
What are the effects of chemical exposure?
The effects of chemical exposure includes difficulty in breathing and blistering of skin.
Well we are working in a laboratory, there are a few certain ways in which a harmful chemical can harm us.
For an example, if any chemical is easily evaporated at the room temperature then there is a very high possibility that we may inhale the chemical along with air into our lung which make create difficulty in breathing.
Also some chemicals like concentrated hydrochloric acid or concentrated Sodium Hydroxide are the chemicals which can produce blistering of skin when they come in contact with the human skin.
The above stated effects are the consequences of chemical exposure.
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what’s a wave quantity
Explanation:
The term wave number refers to the number of complete wave cycles of an electromagnetic field (EM field) that exist in one meter (1 m) of linear space. Wave number is expressed in reciprocal meters (m-1). The wave number for an EM field is equal to 2 pi divided by the wavelength in meters.
The frequency ( ) of a wave is the number of waves passing a point in a certain time. We normally use a time of one second, so this gives frequency the unit hertz ( ), since one hertz is equal to one wave per second.
Three quantities used for measuring waves are
wavelength, frequency and amplitude.pls rate as brainliest
place the components of the electron‑transport chain to outline the flow of electrons from nadh to o2.
The components of the electron‑transport chain to outline the flow of electrons from NADH to O₂ is :
NADH --> NADH dehydrogenase ---> ubiquinone ---> cytochrome b-c1 complex ----> cytochrome c ---> cytochrome oxidase complex ---> oxygen ( O₂ ).
There are three respiratory enzymes complex in the respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The electron transport chain passes on the way from NADH to O₂ n order as given below:
NADH --> NADH dehydrogenase ---> ubiquinone ---> cytochrome b-c1 complex ----> cytochrome c ---> cytochrome oxidase complex ---> oxygen ( O₂ ). in the electron transport chain the oxygen is the final electron acceptor. the NADH is donor of the electrons.
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Choose the combination of factors that would lead to the greatest oxygen unloading from hemoglobin.
a. Low pH, high temperature, high Pcoz, high 2,3-BPG b. Low pH, high temperature, low Pcos, high 2,3-BPG High pH, c. low temperature, low Pcoz, low 2,3-BPG d. High pH, high temperature, high Pcoz, low 2,3-BPG
The combination factors that would lead to greatest oxygen unloading from hemoglobin is Low pH, high temperature, high PCO2, high 2,3-BPG.
Group 16 of the periodic table, also known as the oxygen group, contains the non-metallic chemical element oxygen (O). All living things require oxygen, a colorless, flavorless, and odorless gas. Plants utilize the carbon dioxide that animals have absorbed and converted into by using it as a source of carbon and releasing the oxygen back into the environment. In addition to reactions that remove elements from their combinations with one another, oxygen can react with almost every other element to form compounds. These reactions are referred to as combustions, and they frequently result in the production of heat and light. Water is the most crucial component.
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five grams of nitrogen gas at an initial pressure of 3.0 atm and at 20∘c undergo an isobaric expansion until the volume has tripled.
a. What is the gas volume after the expansion?
b. What is the gas temperature after the expansion (in degrees Celsius)?
The gas pressure is then decreased at constant volume until the original temperature is reached.
c.What is the gas pressure after the decrease?
Finally, the gas is isothermally compressed until it returns to its initial volume.
d.What is the final gas pressure?
e. Show the full three-step process on a pV diagram. Use appropriate scales on both axes.
(a) The final volume after expansion is V2=4.29 L.
(b) The final temperature after the expansion is, T2=879K.
(c) The gas pressure after the decrease is P2=1atm.
(d) The final gas pressure is P3 = 3atm
Let V1 be the initial volume of the gas. Considering nitrogen as an ideal gas, use the ideal gas equation to find the initial volume as,
P1V1=nRT1...............(1)
Consider the value of universal gas constant as,
R=0.0821L⋅atm⋅mol⁻¹⋅K⁻¹.
Convert temperature to Kelvin,
T1=(20+273)K=293K
Consider the molar weight of nitrogen gas as, mm=28g/mole.
The number of moles in 5g of nitrogen gas is,
n=m/mm
Substitute the known values,
n=5g/(28g/mole)
=0.179mol
Substitute all the known and calculated values in equation (1),
V1=0.179mol×0.0821L⋅atm⋅mol−1⋅K−1×293K3atm/3 atm
=1.43L
B.
The final temperature after the expansion is, T2=879K.
The temperature after the expansion is evaluated using the formula,
V1/T1=V2/T2
T2=V2T1/V1
Substitute the known values,
T2=4.29L×293K/1.43L
=879K
C .
The gas pressure after the decrease is P2=1atm.
Using relation,
PV/T=constant
Since volume is kept constant,
P1/T2=P2/T3
P2=P1T3/T2
Substitute the known values,
P2=3atm×293K/879K
=1atm
D.
The final gas pressure is P3 = 3atm
Given data:
Gas is isothermally compressed to regain the initial volume, that is,
V3=1.43L .
Using relation,
PV/T=constant
Since temperature is kept constant,
P2/V2=P3/V3
P3=P2V2/V3
Substitute the known values,
P2=1atm×4.29L/1.43L
=3atm
The final gas pressure is P3=3atm
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force normal to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these are units of force divided by units of area. For example, the SI unit of pressure, Pascal (Pa), is 1 Newton per square meter (N/m2). Similarly, pound-force per square inch (psi) is the traditional unit of pressure in imperial and US systems. Pressure can also be expressed as standard atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure (atm) is equal to this pressure and torr is defined as 1/760 of this.
Therefore, manometric units such as centimeters of water, millimeters of mercury, and inches of mercury are used to express pressure as the height of a particular liquid column within a manometer.
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which of the molecules is the major regulator of oxygen consumption during oxidative phosphorylation?
The primary method by which aerobic organisms produce ATP is by oxidative phosphorylation. As the main electron carriers that transfer electrons to oxygen, the final acceptor, during the oxidation of fuel molecules, FADH2 and NADH play a crucial role (O2).
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
The generation of ATP from ADP and Pi is made easier in the mitochondrion thanks to the proton gradient. Because the conversion of ADP to ATP relies on the oxidative reactions taking place in the mitochondria, this process is also known as oxidative phosphorylation.
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