Answer: answer below
Explanation: A shark eats a penguin that has recently been feeding on some krill. The penguin has 100 joules worth of energy, but the shark ultimately gains only about 10 joules. Where does the rest of the energy go? It is used for cell functions or transformed to heat energy.
how many dna molecules would there be after four rounds of pcr if the initial reaction mixture contained two molecules?
After 4 rounds of PCR, the initial 2 molecules of DNA become 32 molecules.
PCR is the abbreviated form of Polymerase Chain Reaction which is a molecular technique. Here small pieces of DNA are used to make millions of copies. This technique was developed by Kary Mullis in 1980. The process of making copies of DNA occurs in three steps namely; denaturation, annealing, and elongation.
DNA is the most commonly found form of genetic material. A type of nucleic acid. It exists mainly because it is more stable than RNA. The structure of DNA is a double-stranded molecule with helical antiparallel strands.
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after forest clearance, secondary succession of farmland back to a mature oak/hickory climax forest generally requires: a. a few decades b. about one millennium c. a few years d. about one century
Secondary succession starts when a disturbance (such as wind storms, insect outbreaks, logging, avalanches, bulldozers, or fire) leaves the soil intact and takes a few decades.
Seeds, spores, and roots usually remain as well. Sites that begin with secondary succession reach the next stage more quickly than during primary succession. Forest ecologists recognize four phases of forest succession, or what is sometimes called forest development. These phases are: (i) stand initiation, (ii) stem exclusion, (iii) understory reinitiation, and (iv) steady state.
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which components do not aid to separate the csf and brain ecf from chemicals and disease-causing organisms of the blood?
Components that do not aid to separate the CSF and brain ECF from chemicals and disease-causing organisms of the blood include the blood-brain barrier, the choroid plexus, and the ependyma.
Components that do not aid to separate the CSF and brain ECF from chemicals and disease-causing organisms of the blood are the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB). The BBB is a specialized structure formed by tightly packed endothelial cells that form a continuous layer between the capillaries of the circulatory system and the brain parenchyma. Its primary function is to protect the brain from potentially harmful substances that circulate in the blood. The BCSFB is a specialized barrier formed by the choroid plexus, a specialized capillary network that is located between the ventricles of the brain and the CSF. Its primary function is to filter and protect the CSF from potentially harmful substances in the blood. Both of these barriers serve to protect the brain and CSF from potentially harmful substances in the blood, but they do not aid in separating the CSF and brain ECF from chemicals and disease-causing organisms of the blood.
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the out-of-africa model asserts group of answer choices a single origin of modern people and replacement of archaic homo sapiens. migrations of homo habilis out of africa to asia, but not europe. the importance of gene flow across population boundaries. migrations of australopithecines out of africa to europe and asia.
The out-of-Africa model asserts: a single origin of modern people and replacement of archaic Homo sapiens.
The out-of-Africa model is a hypothesis that explains the origin as well as dispersal of the modern humans species. According to this hypothesis, the humans evolved at the East Africa and dispersed from there to evade the whole world.
Homo sapiens is the scientific name of the current modern humans. They are the most abundant, widespread and intelligent species of humans. These are bipedal organisms with large brains. Their cognitive skills are considered exceptional. The most common ancestor of Homo sapiens are Homo erectus.
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which feature is peculiar to adeno-associated viral (aav) vectors and not shared with retroviral vectors?
The answer is gene therapy needs to be repeated periodically to provide a constant supply of the therapy protein.
What are adeno-associated viruses (AAV) and retroviral vectors?
Humans and certain other primate species are infected by tiny viruses called adeno-associated viruses (AAV). Currently, it is unknown whether AAV can cause disease. A minimal immunological reaction is brought on by the viruses.
Retroviruses are viruses that have RNA as their genetic makeup. Reverse transcription is how it turns RNA into DNA.
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why is lingual lipase of minor importance when discussing nutrition and digestion in adults?
Lingual lipase is important for infant nutrition. Lingual lipase also reportedly contributes to the digestion of lipids in adults along with gastric lipase, especially in diseases with pancreatic insufficiency such as cystic fibrosis and alcoholic pancreatic insufficiency.
A convenient lipase assay that discriminates between pancreatic and lingual lipase activities was developed to describe some properties of the triglyceride-hydrolyzing activities of lingual lipase (from von Ebners glands) and pancreatic lipase. Secretion of lingual lipase is stimulated by feeding. Gastric contents collected postprandially from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) contained lipase activity which is probably secreted from pharyngeal tissues. Also, duodenal contents from CF patients contained lipase activity with properties very close to those found in gastric contents from CF patients and controls. Apparently, the serous glands responsible for the secretion of lingual lipase is less affected than the exocrine pancrease in this disease. During fat balance experiments, CF patients utilized around 40% of the dietary lipids and more than 50% of milk lipids given as a test meal were hydrolyzed in the duodenum within 2 hr. In these patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency, we suggest that the lingual lipase is responsible for a considerable proportion of triglyceride hydrolysis. This hydrolysis starts in the stomach and continues in duodenum.
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sort the statements into the appropriate bins depending on whether they represent factors that varied from participant to participant at the start of this study, factors that were consistent from the start of the study, and factors that were measured in the study.a. smoking status (smoking vs. non smoking) b. total food intake c. percentage of different types of fats eaten d. activity level e. sex of participant f. number of non-fatal heart attacks g. deaths from coronary heart disease
Factors that changed from the study's beginning: Smoking status, total caloric intake, percentage of various types of fat consumed, and activity level variables remained constant: sex of the participant's result: amount of heart attacks that result in death and coronary heart disease deaths.
What is coronary heart disease?
The bigger coronary arteries on the surface of the heart are affected by coronary artery disease. The microscopic arteries in the heart muscle are impacted by coronary microvascular disease, another type of heart condition. Women are more likely to have coronary microvascular disease.
Type determines the cause of coronary heart disease. Cholesterol, a waxy substance that accumulates inside the lining of the coronary arteries to create plaque, is a common contributor to coronary artery disease. This deposit has the potential to completely or partially obstruct blood flow in the heart's major arteries. Coronary microvascular disease develops when the tiny blood capillaries in the heart are not functioning appropriately. A heart-healthy lifestyle can help most people avoid coronary heart disease.
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where does much of the seafood we eat begin life? 2.what do our oceans control? 3.what is the name of the project designed to reveal the oceans to the world? 4.how much acropora palmate remains in the florida keys?
The ocean has a big impact on the climate and weather on Earth. 70% of the earth's surface is made up of water. Our weather patterns and the slow, subtle changes in our climate are driven by this enormous reservoir, which continuously exchanges heat, moisture, and carbon with the atmosphere.
Oceans provide us with food, control our climate, and produce the majority of the oxygen we breathe. Additionally, they support industries like tourism, fishing, and international shipping, serving as the cornerstone for a large portion of the global economy. Hydrogen ions are released by carbonic acid, and when they interact with the carbonate in seawater, they create bicarbonate, a form of carbon that is difficult for the ocean to lose. The ocean takes in more carbon dioxide as a result of fossil fuel combustion and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels in order to maintain equilibrium.
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To break a chemical bond, particles need to collide with a certain amount of
energy.
atoms.
molecules.
chemicals.
To break a chemical bond, particles need to collide with a certain amount of energy, which is present in the first option. the energy required to carry out a particular chemical reaction.
What is the activation energy?
The energy is required to break the chemical bond, and sometimes the energy is required to make the bond, such as in the endothermic reaction. The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to break the bond in a chemical reaction.
Hence, to break a chemical bond, particles need to collide with a certain amount of energy, which is present in the first option.
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Answer:
a. energy
Explanation:
To break a chemical bond, particles need to collide with a certain amount of
energy.
A plant cell is placed in a solution whose solvent concentration is twice as great as the concentration of the cell cytoplasm. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing water but not the solutes to pass through what will happen to the cell?.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing water but not the solutes to pass through because (D) the cell will shrivel because of the active transport of water.
Osmosis is the process by which solvent molecules move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration, or from a less concentrated solution to a highly concentrated solution, over a semipermeable membrane. The osmosis process involves the movement of water. Water travels passively from a lower concentration of solute to a high solute concentration during the osmosis process.
Osmosis is another name for the diffusion of water or a solvent through a membrane, which only permits specific substances to pass through the channel. Osmosis is a passive process, thus ATP is not needed for it to take place.
The active movement of water will cause the cell to shrink as a result. Option D is correct as a result.
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unlike signal transduction in many other sensory receptors, signal transduction in rods:_____.
Unlike signal transduction in many other sensory receptors, signal transduction in rods results in hyperpolarization of the sensory cell.
Sensory receptors can be found in specialized organs like the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, as well as internal organs. Thus every receptor form expresses a distinguishable sensory modality that will eventually be combined into a single perceptual frame. This data is obtained through the transformation of energy into an electrical signal by specialized mechanisms. Potassium ions continue to leak out of the cell such as through potassium channels during hyperpolarization. Because potassium ions (positively charged ions) diffuse into the extracellular space, the membrane potential becomes more negative.
The procedure through which a physical or chemical signal is transferred through a cell as a sequence of molecular events, most frequently protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which results in a cellular response is known as signal transduction.
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answer this for 10 points and dont copy off the other
it would be the 3rd answer
pure substances and mixtures
what bacterial structure is responsible for allowing improperly processed food to cause botulis
If food is incorrectly handled, Clostridium botulinum produces endospore and under low oxygen levels, they generate botulinum toxin that can be passed to humans (resulting in botulism).
Botulism can manifest as foodborne, neonatal, or wound-related diseases. A bacterium known as Clostridium botulinum typically causes botulism. Paralysis and muscular wasting are symptoms.
Antitoxin is frequently used as part of treatment to stop the toxin from doing further harm.
The extremely hazardous pathogen Clostridium botulinum produces endospores that are extremely resilient and pervasive in the environment. Under the right circumstances, these endospores germinate to become vegetative cells, which multiply and produce the incredibly strong botulinum neurotoxin.
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a tumor that has advanced to regional structures is in which stage? 1. stage 1 2. stage 2 3. stage 3 4. stage 4
A tumor that has advanced to regional structures is in stage 4.
Stage 4 is the most advanced stage of a tumor. At this point, the tumor has spread to surrounding tissue and/or other organs, and is resistant to treatment. Symptoms of stage 4 cancer may include fatigue, pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment options at this stage may include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or a combination of treatments. The goal of treatment is to improve patient quality of life and extend survival.
Tumor is an abnormal growth of cells, which can occur in any part of the body. It can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors are usually localized and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors, on the other hand, can spread to other parts of the body and cause serious health problems. Treatment for tumors depends on the type and location. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and other treatments.
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after using up the readily available atp, muscle cells can form additional atp from which of the choices?
After using up the readily available ATP, muscle cells can form Glycolysis, Cellular Respiration, and Creatine phosphate.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy-carrying molecule used in cells because of its fast energy release. When phosphatase is removed from ATP it releases energy. The byproduct of ATP's energy release is the low-energy molecule ADP (adenosine diphosphate). ADP can be transformed back into ATP using a phosphate. This requires work. Nearly all cellular processes, including glycolysis, cellular respiration, and creatine phosphate, depend on ATP to supply the required energy for a reaction. ATP may convey energy and phosphorylate (add phosphate to) other molecules in biological activities including DNA replication, active transport, synthesis pathways, and muscle contraction.
Muscle cells store only enough ATP to complete a few contractions.
After using up the readily available ATP, muscle cells can form additional ATP from which of the choices?
(A). glycolysis
(B). cellular respiration
(C). the Calvin cycle
(D). dephosphorylation
(E). creatine phosphate
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local watershed carries runoff from farms, suburban lawns, and wastewater treatment plants into local rivers, which run into a local bay. how could this affect the health of the bay? there will be a decrease in nitrogen and therefore an increase in aquatic life. there will be a decrease in dissolved oxygen and therefore a decrease in fish. there will be lower nitrogen levels and therefore fewer algae blooms. there will be less pollution and therefore an increase in biodivers
At short focusing distances, ciliary muscles contract. What effect do these contractions have on the suspensory ligaments?
1) The suspensory ligaments tighten2) The suspensory ligaments relax3) Ciliary muscle contractions have no effect on the suspensory ligaments4) None of the above
The effect do these contractions have on the suspensory ligaments:1) The suspensory ligaments tighten 2).
Ligaments are bands of tough elastic tissue around your joints. They connect bone to bone, supply your joint's aid, and limit their motion. you've got ligaments around your knees, ankles, elbows, shoulders, and different joints. Stretching or tearing them could make your joints volatile.
There are three forms of articulation ligaments: capsular, extracapsular and intracapsular. They vary via their region within a joint.Ligaments and tendons are fibrous bands of connective tissue that connect to bone. Ligaments join extra bones together and help stabilize joints. Tendons connect muscle to bone. Tendons range in size and are rather elastic and attach bones to muscle groups.
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The following figure shows the general steps that occur when a researcher uses the CRISPR-Cas9 system to modify a protein-encoding gene in a eukaryotic cell with the goal of modifying the protein product. Drag the descriptions of the steps to their appropriate locations on the figure.
1. Create plasmid expression vectors with genes encoding Cas9 and sgRNA.
2. Introduce the vectors into a eukaryotic cell.
3. The gene expression machinery of the cell produces the Cas9 protein and the sgRNA.
4. The Cas9 protien, guided by sgRNA, binds to its target sequence in the cell's DNA.
5. The Cas9 protien cleaves the target sequence.
6. During the process of DNA break repair, the target sequence may be modified.
7. The modified DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA.
8. the RNA is translated into a modified protien.
1. Create plasmid expression vectors with genes encoding Cas9 and sgRNA.
2. Introduce the vectors right into a eukaryotic cell.
3. The gene expression machinery of the mobile produces the Cas9 protein and the sgRNA.
4. The Cas9 protein, guided with the aid of sgRNA, binds to its goal collection within the cell's DNA.
5. Cas9 cleaves the target sequence.
6. For the duration of the system of DNA ruin restoration, the goal series may be changed.
7. The modified DNA sequence is then transcribed into RNA.
8. The RNA is translated into a modified protein.
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of polynucleotide chains that coil spherically each one-of-a-kind to form a double helix. The polymer includes genetic instructions for the development, functioning, boom, and replica of all seemed organisms and lots of viruses.
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of polynucleotide chains that coil spherically each one-of-a-kind to form a double helix. The polymer includes genetic instructions for the development, functioning, boom, and replica of all seemed organisms and lots of viruses.
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Consider a population of wildflowers in which the frequency of the red allele CR is p = 0.7.
What is the frequency of the white allele (CW ) in this population?
0
0.3
0.49
0.7
Part B
This Punnett square shows allele combinations for all possible genetic crosses in the wildflower population described in Part A.
CR
p = 0.7
CW
q = 0.3
CR
p = 0.7
CR CR
?
CR CW
?
CW
q = 0.3
CRCW
?
CWCW
?
What are the expected genotype frequencies in the offspring generation?
What are the expected genotype frequencies in the offspring generation?
0.49 CRCR (red flowers), 0.42 CRCW (pink flowers), 0.09 CWCW (white flowers)
0.49 CRCR (red flowers), 0.21 CRCW (pink flowers), 0.30 CWCW (white flowers)
0.09 CRCR (red flowers), 0.21 CRCW (pink flowers), 0.42 CWCW (white flowers)
0.09 CRCR (red flowers), 0.42 CRCW (pink flowers), 0.09 CWCW (white flowers)
An allele frequency is computed by dividing the total number of copies of all the alleles at that specific genetic locus in the population by the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population. The decimal, percentage, or fractional forms of allele frequencies are all acceptable.
How are the frequencies of the p and q alleles determined?
A representative sample of people from a community can be used to determine the values of p and q by simply counting the alleles and dividing by the total number of alleles analyzed. Homozygotes will account for twice as many copies of an allele as heterozygotes.
How are population frequencies determined?
The frequency of an allele in a population is referred to as its allele frequency. It is calculated by dividing the number of gene copies by the number of times the allele occurs in the population.
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In horses, black coat (b) is dominant over brown coat (b), and trotter (t) is dominant over the recessive allele pacer (t). Fill in the missing genotypes in the punnett square of the offspring of this dihybrid cross in horses.
Punnett square is used to calculate the dihybrid cross between two different parents with two different phenotypes. Genotypes of one of them is a heterozygous dominant and the other is a heterozygous recessive. The visualization using a Punnett square below is for the second generation of the dihybrid cross.
Dihybrid Cross Example
Mendel was using peas and observe two traits of them, which is colors and shapes. Round-yellow peas are crossed with wrinkled-green peas. The result of the first generation was round-yellow peas. This means yellow and round are the dominant phenotypes.
In this case, trotter-black coat horses are a dominant phenotype with genotype BBTT.
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Oligodendrocytes serve the same purpose in the cns that satellite cells do in the pns.T/F
The assertion is false. In the CNS, oligodendrocytes perform the same function as Schwann cells do in the PNS. The CNS's internal cavities are lined with ependymal cells. Neurons predominate over neuroglia in the brain.
In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which is generated from the neural crest, Schwann cells are the oligodendrocyte counterpart. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells both play a key role in protecting and supporting axons.
The location is the main distinction. The peripheral nervous system is myelinated by Schwann cells, whereas the central nervous system is myelinated by oligodendrocytes. Additionally, oligodendrocytes have the ability to myelinate many axons, whereas Schwann cells can only do so for one axon per cell.
We can therefore conclude that the assertion is untrue. Similar to how satellite cells function in the PNS, oligodendrocytes have a function in the CNS. The interior cavities of the CNS are lined with ependymal cells. In the brain, neurons outnumber neuroglia in terms of density.
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The following scenario depicts a homo erectus group butchering a zebra. identify the finds we may see in the archaeological record resulting from this activity.
a. The cutmarks on this bone were made by stone tools
b. animal tooth marks and cutmarks are visible on the shaft of this antelope humerus
c. This close-up shows the stone tools
d. Not a Find in the Archaeological Record:
e. collection of rocks
The archaeological record resulting from this activityrectus fossils have been determined in 1891 at the Indonesian island of Java via way of means of a Dutch physician referred to as Eugène Dubois. .
The Homo erectus changed into a human of medium stature that walked upright. The braincase changed into low, the brow changed into receded, and the nose, jaws, and palate have been extensive. The mind changed into smaller and the tooth large than in present day humans.
Remains from many sites, together with Zhoukoudian in China, display that erectus changed into ingesting meat on a big scale and from a number of animal species, further to a extensive kind of plant foods. These animals may also had been each scavenged (from different predators) and hunted.History of Homo erectus.
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Which gas is produced by burning fuel with no air?
Carbon monoxide is produced by burning fuel with no air.
When there is incomplete combustion, some of the carbon is not fully oxidized, which results in soot or carbon monoxide (CO). Inefficient fuel consumption and a health risk are both associated with incomplete combustion. Colorless, almost odorless, and tasteless gases and liquids make up carbon monoxide (CO).
It is produced when there is insufficient oxidation of carbon during combustion and burns with a violet flame. In addition, it is only marginally soluble in water, alcohol, and benzene. Boiling point: 190°C; solidification point: 207°C; specific gravity: 0.96716; specific volume: 13.8 cu. ft./lb. (70oF). liquid auto ignition temperature: 1128 oF. considered to be an inorganic substance.
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the thickening of the circular layer of the muscular externa at the location indicated by the arrows creates what?
The thickening of the circular layer of the muscular externa at the location indicated by the arrows creates pyloric sphincter.
The stomach has something called the pylorus, which connects the stomach to the duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. Together, the pylorus and duodenum play an important role in the movement of food through the digestive system.
The pyloric sphincter is a band of smooth muscle that controls the movement of partially digested food and juices from the pylorus to the duodenum.
What is its function?
The pyloric sphincter acts as a sort of gate between the stomach and small intestine. This allows the contents of the stomach to enter the small intestine. It also prevents partially digested food and digestive juices from re-entering the stomach. Helps mix with liquids. This mixture of food and digestive juices is called chyme. The force of these contractions increases in the lower stomach. With each wave, the pyloric sphincter opens, allowing a small amount of chyme to enter the duodenum.
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the circulatory system can help maintain body temperature by controlling the flow of blood to the skin.
Blood artery dilation makes it easier for heat to be discharged from the body into the environment. Blood vessels tighten in order to keep the heat inside.
What controls blood flow in the skin?
The noradrenergic vasoconstrictor system and a sympathetic active vasodilator system are both involved in the sympathetic neural control of skin blood flow. The latter is in charge of 80–90% of the significant cutaneous vasodilation that happens in response to whole-body heat stress.
What system controls the skin?
The skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands are all part of the integumentary system, an organ system.
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Which statement about transcription is true?
Question 18 options:
Transcription occurs in the ribosomes where the tRNA brings amino acids.
Transcription only occurs in the cytoplasm because that is where the ribosomes are located.
Transcription only occurs in the nucleus because DNA does not leave the nucleus.
Transcription can occur in the nucleus or cytoplasm, depending on which gene is being transcribed.
The statement about transcription which is true is that it only occurs in the nucleus because DNA does not leave the nucleus and is therefore denoted as option C.
What is DNA?This is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid and it is known as the genetic material of most living organisms. It ensures that traits are passed from the parent to the offspring during cell division when an organism undergoes reproduction.
Transcription is referred to as the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence and the gene which is present in the DNA are all found or present in the nucleus.
This is therefore the reason why it only occurs in the nucleus because DNA does not leave the nucleus hence option C was chosen as the correct choice in this scenario.
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the specific location where a substrate fits/connects to an enzyme is called the:______
The area of an enzyme's active site is where substrate molecules interact and a chemical reaction takes place. The active site of an enzyme is the precise area where a substrate attaches or fits.
Amino acid residues that are present in the active site take part in the enzyme's catalytic process. The Amino acids employed for substrate binding may be the same or distinct from other Amino acids. disruption of catalysis but not substrate binding using site-directed mutagenesis. The active site of an enzyme is composed of specific amino acid R groups and offers a distinct chemical environment (residues). This particular environment is ideal for transforming certain chemical reactants for that enzyme, known as substrates, into unstable intermediates, or transition states.
So, the area of an enzyme where substrate molecules interact and undergo a chemical reaction is known as the active site. The active site of an enzyme is the precise area where a substrate attaches or fits.
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describe the construction of a recombinant plasmid containing the gene for luciferase and the insertion of the plasmid into a bacterial cell by placing the steps in order.a. Perform a restriction digestion of the luciferase gene and the plasmid. b. Transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid using electroporation. c. Ligate together the luciferase gene and the plasmid to generate a recombinant plasmid. d. Use PCR to amplify the gene for luciferase. Plate the bacterial cells, and screen for positive transformants.1. First step 2. Last step
The steps for constructing a recombinant plasmid containing the gene for luciferase and inserting the plasmid into the bacterial cell are:
Use PCR to amplify the gene for luciferase.Perform restriction digestion of the luciferase gene and the plasmid.Ligate together the luciferase gene and the plasmid to generate a recombinant plasmid.Transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid using electroporation.Plate the bacterial cells, and screen for positive transformants.Therefore, the correct order is D, A, C, B, and E
Plasmids are used by researchers to insert DNA from other sources into plasmids to form recombinant DNA molecules. Bacterial cells that have been transformed with recombinant plasmids will become recombinant bacteria.
Transformation is the process of introducing foreign DNA into a cell. Bacterial transformation with plasmids is important not only for studying bacteria but also because bacteria are used as a means of plasmid storage and reproduction. Therefore, nearly all plasmids (even those designed to be expressed in mammalian cells) contain both the bacterial origin of replication and antibiotic resistance genes for use as selectable markers in bacteria.
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which of the following requires the use of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle? a. cough b. throat clearing. c. tongue protrusion
During deglutition, vocalization, and expiration, the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle enables inward rotation of the arytenoid on the cricoid cartilage, shutting the laryngeal airway.
This activity, which brings the arytenoids together, is enhanced by the interarytenoid muscle. When swallowing, voicing, or exhaling, the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle contracts, causing the arytenoid to rotate inward on the cricoid and closing the laryngeal airway.
The rotation and posterolateral pull of the arytenoid cartilages are caused by the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle contracting. This helps the other intrinsic muscles extend the vocal cords and splits the vocal cords, allowing air to travel through during inspiration and expiration.
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karen falls down a flight of stairs and suffers spinal cord damage due to hyperextension of the cord during the fall. the injury results in edema of the central cord with resulting compression of the anterior horn cells of the lumbar region. what signs would you expect to observe as a result of this injury?
Karen falls down a flight of stairs and suffers spinal wire harm because of hyperextension of the wire all through the fall. The damage outcomes in edema of the spinal wire with ensuing compression of the anterior horn cells of the spinal region.
One of the divisions of the gray be counted of the spinal wire, the anterior horn includes mobileular our bodies of alpha motor neurons, which innervate skeletal muscle to purpose movement.
Injury to the ventral horns can purpose the decrease motor symptoms and symptoms withinside the hands and hands, and damage to the corticospinal tracts outcomes in a spastic quadriparesis.
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