a particle is located at northern latitude and traveling due north with with velocity . what is the direction of the coriolis force?

Answers

Answer 1

The Coriolis force is perpendicular to the velocity vector, so the direction of the Coriolis force would be east.

The Coriolis force is an inertial force that arises due to the rotation of the Earth. It is directed perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the rotation of the Earth. In this case, since the particle is located at the northern latitude and traveling due north, the Coriolis force will be directed east.

To explain this in more detail, we can look at the equation for the Coriolis force:

Fc = -2*m*ω*v

Where Fc is the Coriolis force, m is the mass of the particle, ω is the angular velocity of Earth, and v is the velocity of the particle.

At northern latitudes, the angular velocity of Earth is counter-clockwise (in the northern hemisphere). Since the particle is traveling due north, its velocity vector is also pointed in a counter-clockwise direction. Therefore, the Coriolis force is directed east, perpendicular to the velocity vector.

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Related Questions

A simple pendulum consisting of a mass on a string of length L is undergoing small oscillations with amplitude. If the pendulum is taken to the moon? What happens to the time period?

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A simple pendulum consisting of mass on a string of length L is undergoing small oscillations with amplitude and if the pendulum is taken to the moon, then the time period increases.

What happens to the time period when pendulum is taken on moon?

As we know that,

Time period of simple pendulum is :

T = 2π√(L/g)

Gravity of moon is 1/6th of the earth's gravity. And gravity is inversely proportional to time period, therefore time period increases. Since, the pendulum takes more time to complete one vibration, therefore it will lose time.

The mass of the Moon is about 1/80th of the Earth's mass, so the gravity of Moon is less than the Earth's gravity.

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40 j of work was done on 6 n object how far does it go

Answers

Answer:

Below

Explanation:

Work = force * distance

   40 J  = 6 N * d     shows d = 6 2/3 m

find the magnitude and direction of the equilibrant force for these two concurrent forces: 13.5 n, e and 32.0 n, n.

Answers

the magnitude and direction of the equilibrant force for these two concurrent forces: 13.5 n, e, and 32.0 n, n is 34.73 Newtons and 22.78degrees.

there are two forces on noth direction and east discretion with the magnitude of 32N and 13.5N respectively, And both are perpendicular to each other,

so, the net force is

  Fnet = (F1^2 + F2^2)^1/2

= (13.5^2 + 32^2)^1/2

= 34.73 Newtons

And the direction of the net force is

tanx= F1/F2

= 13.5/32

tanx = 0.42

x = 22.78degrees

An equilibrant force in mechanics is a force that places a body in mechanical equilibrium. A body exhibits zero acceleration in accordance with Newton's second law when the vector sum of all the forces acting upon it is zero.

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suppose you stand in front of a spherical mirror (concave or convex). is it possible for your image to be (a) real and upright (b) virtual and inverted?

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Behind the mirror are always real images. Real images may be inverted or upright. hence

(a) can be possible.

(b) cannot be possible.

What is Mirror?

Any item that reflects images is referred to as a mirror or looking glass. When focussed through the eye's or a camera's lens, light that reflects off a mirror will reveal a picture of whatever is in front of it. Mirrors reflect light from a similar but opposite angle, which changes the image's direction.

What are Real images?

In the field of optics, a true picture is one that is situated in the plane of convergence for the light rays coming from a certain object. Real images will typically appear on screens when they are positioned in their plane.

Hence, (a) can be possible and (b) cannot be possible.

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What are infrared used for in the electromagnetic spectrum?

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Infrared from the electromagnetic spectrum is used in various applications.

Infrared radiation is an electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of  visible light. It is undetectable by the human eye. Infrared waves are referred to as thermal waves. This is because they have a heat inducing property.

The following are the areas of use of infrared waves:

Infrared waves are used in the medical field as infrared saunas are used to treat high blood pressure and rheumatoid arthritis. Infrared radiation is considered one of the safest methods of physiotherapy.

Industries which concentrate on manufacturing processes such as forming of plastics, curing of coatings, plastic welding, etc use infrared heaters in place of contact heating and convection ovens.

Infrared radiation is used in optical fibre communication.

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a diffraction grating has 2000 lines percentimeter. at what angle will the first-ordermaximum be for 520-nm-wavelength greenlight?

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The First-order maximum for 520 nm will be 5.97°.

Applying diffraction equations;

d = 0.01/Number of lines; where 0.01 m = 1 cm, and d = spacing between lines

Therefore,

d = 0.01/2000 = 5*10^-6 m

Additionally,

d*Sin x = m*y; where x = Angle, m = order = 1, y = wavelength = 520 nm =520*10^-9 m

Substituting;

Sin x = my/d = (1*520*10^-9)/(5*10^-6) = 0.1040

x = Sin ^-1(0.104) = 5.97°

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a 36 n box is pulled at a constant horizontal velocity across a table with a force of 27 n. what is the coefficient of friction between the box and the table?

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The coefficient of friction between the box and the table is 0.75

Given,

The Normal force of the box (N) is 36N.

The acting force (F) on the box is 27N.

The coefficient of friction is

                μ [tex]= \frac{F}{N}[/tex]      

μ = [tex]\frac{27}{36}[/tex]

μ =  0.75

Two solid objects can't collide or roll over one another because of a force called friction. Although frictional forces, such the traction required to walk without slipping, could be advantageous, they can also be a significant hindrance to motion.

The coefficient of friction calculates how much resistance there is between two surfaces. This dimensionless number is defined as the friction force divided by the normal force.

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You have one-third of an energy drink left. If you drink one-third of that, how much of your energy drink do you have left?

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You would have zero energy drink left, as you have already consumed one-third of the original amount. One-third of one-third is equal to one-ninth, and that amount is the same as zero.

What is energy drink?
An energy drink is a type of beverage that is designed to provide an extra boost of energy. It usually contains high levels of caffeine and other ingredients, such as taurine, guarana, B vitamins, and/or sugar. Energy drinks are popular among people with active lifestyles and those who require a quick burst of energy. Many energy drinks contain more than twice the amount of caffeine as a regular cup of coffee. Some energy drinks can be high in calories, so it is important to read the label to know what you are consuming. Drinking energy drinks in moderation is generally safe, however, excessive consumption can lead to health risks such as heart palpitations, dehydration, and insomnia.

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what is the net torque about the axle? express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

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The net torque about it because of the wheel is 0 Nm as seen by three major values, which also comprise the proper measurements.

By adding the separate torques from every force, the net torque about the axle is determined. The definition of torque is the result of the pressure and indeed the perpendicular radius of curvature of revolution.

Torque is calculated using the formula F *r.

Consider applying pressure F1 two inches first from axle and F2 four inches again from axle.

F1 = 10 N

F2 = 5 N

F1-related torque is calculated using the formula F1  * r1.

= 10 N * 2 in

= 20 N-in

Torque due to F2 = F2 * r2

= 5 N * 4 in

= 20 N-in

The net torque is equivalent to the sum of the torques caused by factors F1 and F2.

(20 N-in plus 20 N-in)

= 40 N-in

There is a 40 N-in net torque applied towards the axle.

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if the source is stationary, how will the received signal change if the observer is moving towards the source?

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The measured frequency rises as the observation gets closer to the static source, exceeding the source rate. The frequency difference between the perceived and source frequencies occurs when an observation is moving further away from a stationary source.

When measuring noise out of a source, the spectator's movement may modify the frequency: A greater frequency is measured by an observation who is traveling to the source. Reduced frequency is measured by an observer who is progressing away from the source. A stationary wavelength is not affected while a source is travelling in its direction.

The observer's velocity will be zero as the source arrives; as both a result, variations in frequency and wavelength will occur. Due to their inverse relationship, when wavelength is increased, frequency drops and conversely. Inquiry shows that 1=[VV5V+O]. Contains a detailed prevalence has nevertheless grown. This also happens when waves constrict across shorter distances, that reduces effective wave length and raises frequency.

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one average force, f1 has a magnitude that is three times as large as that of another average force f2. both forces produce the same impulse. the average force f1 acts for a time interval of 3.2 ms. for what time interval does the average force f2 act?

Answers

The time interval does the average force f2 act will be 3.84ms

The push or pull on an item with mass reasons it to alternate its velocity. Force is an outside agent able to converting a body's country of relaxation or motion. It has a significance and a path.

Impulse=fxt

so f₁t₁=f₂t₂

t₂=(f₁t₁)/f₂.

=3x1.28ms

=3.84ms

Now, to your very last question, there isn't certainly one of these factor as "common internet pressure". There is a median pressure over a given duration of time, and there's a internet pressure on an item in an instant.

The quantity and path of common pressure are both vector variables. If the term is denoted through t, the pressure may be the periodicity of momentum alternate.

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the distance from earth to the sun is used to measure distances in the solar system and is called a light year. group of answer choices true false

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The given statement is flase. The distance from earth to the sun is used to measure distances in the solar system and is not called a light year,but an astronomical unit.

How is distance measured in solar system?

When represented in miles and kilometers, the distances between the planets, and especially between the stars, can grow to be cumbersome. We thus transition to whole different sorts of units for cosmic distances, such as astronomical units, light years, and parsecs.

The average distance between Earth and the Sun, or 93 million miles or 8.5 light-minutes, is measured in astronomical units (AU). A light-year is the approximate 6-trillion-mile distance that light travels in a year in a vacuum. Approximately 64,500 times longer than an AU is a light-year.

The Light Year is perfect for determining distances to faraway galaxies or stars, but it is ineffective when determining distances inside our solar system. A light may travel around 10 trillion kilometers, or 106 Km, in a single year.

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A 484 kg cannon fire a 19kg cannonball at 26m/ if the cannon i on wheel, at what velocity doe it move backward?

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The velocity of the cannon moving backward is 1.021 m/s.

If two objects collision without friction, the law of conservation of momentum will apply.

p = p'

m₁ v₁ + m₂ v₂ = m₁ v₁' + m₂ v₂'

m₁ = the mass of a first object (kg) = 484 kgv₁ = the velocity of the first object before collision = 0 m/sv₁' = the velocity of the first object after collisionm₂ = the mass of second object = 19 kgv₂ = the velocity of the second object before collision = 0 m/sv₂' = the velocity of the second object after collision = 26 m/s

The cannons and cannonballs were initially still.

(484 × 0) + (91 × 0) = (484 × v₁') + (19 × 26)

0 = 484v₁' + 494

484v₁' = - 494

v₁' = - 494 ÷ 484

v₁' = - 1.021 m/s

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Globalization is about culture change. discuss popular culture and indigenization, where some idea, behavior, or object from western european or american culture moved to non-western or indigenous societies and culture. provide one example you learned from your textbook or class lecture of how this phenomenon operates in the world.

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Globalization alludes to the expanded interconnectedness between various regions of the planet. The interaction is a kind of shared trade of values, standards, and contemplations. All of the cooperating societies are profited from the culture.

Globalization has various numerous actual signs as confirmed by the consistent development of items, products, and administrations that cross worldwide boundaries consistently. The Worldwide South which sends its wares into an unpredictable market, and gives modest work to the world's large companies, has long voiced its mistake at the unfairness of inconsistent exchange relations and global administrative associations.

The obtrusive improvement in the South to support the development based economies in the North has a negative relationship with a reasonable climate (Iqbal). Hence, they see firsthand the social and ecological repercussions that a culture of utilization makes on the planet.

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calculate the pressure exerted on the ground due to the weight of a 79-kg person standing on one foot. if the bottom of the person's foot is 13 cm wide and 28 cm long.

Answers

2.12pa of pressure is generated on the ground as a result of the weight.

How do you determine the force applied to the ground?

The formula for average pressure, P = F/A, can be used to determine average ground pressure. This is just the object's weight divided by the contact area in the ideal scenario, which is a static, uniform net force normal to level ground.

How much pressure is there at 1,000 feet?

In ideal circumstances, every 1000 feet of elevation gain results in a 1 inHg (inch of mercury) decrease in air pressure (barometer). The pressure will therefore drop to 28.92 inHg at 1000 ft MSL from 29.92 inHg at sea level (0 ft MSL) (1000 feet higher).

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the total mass of the sun is about 2x1030 kg of which 75% was hydrogen when the sun formed. however, only about 13% of this hydrogen ever becomes available for fusion in the core. the rest remains in the layers of the sun where the temperature is too low for fusion. c) based on the given information, calculate the total mass of hydrogen available for fusion over the lifetime of the sun.

Answers

The total mass of hydrogen accessible for fusion over the sun's lifespan is roughly 1.95x10^28 kg.

What exactly is hydrogen?

Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. The chemical element H has the atomic number 1 and is represented by the letter H. It is a highly combustible gas that has no flavour, odour, or colour and may be used as fuel. Hydrogen, which is created from a number of feedstocks such as natural gas, coal, and biomass, is commonly utilised as a clean energy source since it only emits water when burned.

According to the issue:

Using the available data, the total amount of hydrogen in the sun must be computed in order to identify the percentage of this mass that is appropriate for fusion in the core.

The entire mass of the sun is stated as 2x10^30 kg, with hydrogen accounting for 75% of this mass when the sun originated. This suggests that the total amount of hydrogen in the sun is (2x10^30 kg) x (75%).

The proportion of this mass accessible for fusion in the core is stated to be 13%. This suggests that the total amount of hydrogen accessible for fusion in the core is 1.95x10^28 kg (1.5x1030 kg) x (13%).

As a result, the total mass of hydrogen accessible for fusion during the sun's lifespan is roughly 1.95x10^28 kg.

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You have an Atwood machine as shown in the picture.

Mass 1 is 9 kg. Mass 2 is 16 kg. The coefficient of friction (mu) is 0.81. Use g = -9.8 m/s2.

After you find the acceleration a, what is the force of tension FT? (Make it a positive number)

Answers

Answer:
That's a good que but I don't know
Explanation:

the cosmic microwave background is almost perfectly uniform in all directions, except for very small deviations in its temperature. what do scientists think these small deviations represent?

Answers

According to the Big Bang Theory, the early universe was an extremely hot place, and as it expanded, the gas inside of it cooled. Therefore, radiation known as the "cosmic microwave background," or CMB, which is essentially the leftover heat from the Big Bang, should be present everywhere in the cosmos.

The cooled residue known as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the first light to ever flow freely through the universe.

The temperature of the cosmic microwave background varies only very slightly from nearly perfect uniformity in all directions due to the regions of slightly higher density that made it possible for galaxies to form.

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dr. chuck projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench. if the projection speed of the ball were greater, the time in the air would be

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if the projection speed of the ball were greater, the time in the air would be same

Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or particle (a projectile) that is projected in a gravitational field, such as from Earth's surface, and moves along a curved path under the action of gravity only. In the particular case of projectile motion of Earth, most calculations assume the effects of air resistance are passive and negligible.The velocity with which the body is projected is called velocity of projection.

Projectile motion equations

Horizontal velocity component: Vx = V * cos(α)

Vertical velocity component: Vy = V * sin(α)

Time of flight: t = 2 * Vy / g.

Range of the projectile: R = 2 * Vx * Vy / g.

Maximum height: hmax = Vy² / (2 * g)

The following are the three types of projectile motion:

Horizontal

Oblique

Projectile motion on an inclined plane.

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There are very large numbers of charged particles in most objects. why, then, don’t most objects exhibit static electric effects?

Answers

This is because the phenomenon of static electricity requires the separation of positive and negative charges. When two substances are in contact electrons are transferred from one to the other leaving one with an excess positive charge and the other with an equal negative charge.

There are equal numbers of positive and negative charges so an object is electrically neutral. Because the phenomenon of static electricity requires the separation of positive and negative charges. When two substances are in contact electrons are transferred from one to the other leaving one with an excess positive charge and the other with an equal negative charge.

The negative charge on the earth's surface is balanced by the same positive charge in the atmosphere. An atom has a net positive charge if the number of protons is greater than the number of electrons, and a net negative charge if the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons.

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25 POINTS TO ANSWER THIS!


(you could just type it in a sentence if you want.)

Answers

Answer:

Work is defined as the force applied over a distance. The force must be applied in the direction of motion. Work is the way that energy is added to an object or system. Because of conservation of energy, you can only get as much energy as you put in. Simple machines may reduce the force needed to complete a task, but cannot reduce the amount of work needed. The work output with a simple machine can never be greater than the work input.

Explanation:

I just used logic, and there's plenty of info to piece this together on the internet.

NOTE: There was not 25 points /:

a fisherman stands at the back of a perfectly symmetrical boat of length l. the boat is at rest in the middle of a perfectly still and peaceful lake, and the fisherman has a mass 1 /4 that of the boat. if the fisherman walks to the front of the boat, by how much is the boat displaced?

Answers

The fisherman enters the boat's front and checks to see how far it has moved is  [tex]\frac{2}{5}[/tex] L

Since the boat is symmetrical, we may be certain that its geometric centre, atx=L/2, is where the boat's centre of mass is located. In light of this, the centre of mass of the system made up of the fisherman and the boat can be determined as follows:

[tex]x_{cm}[/tex]=[tex]\frac{(m/4)(0)+m(L/2)}{m+(1/4)m}[/tex]=[tex]\frac{2}{5}[/tex] L

A boat is a watercraft that comes in a wide variety of shapes and sizes but is typically smaller than a ship, which is defined by its bigger size, shape, cargo hold, or passenger capacity, or its capacity to transport boats.

Typically, small boats are located in protected coastal areas or on inland waterways like rivers and lakes. Some vessels, like the whaleboat, were built specifically for use in offshore conditions. An object small enough to be transported aboard a ship is referred to as a boat in modern naval jargon.

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a spring has a force constant of 100 n/m and an unstretched length of 0.07 m. one end is attached to a post that is free to rotate in the center of a smooth table, as shown in the top view above. the other end is attached to a 1 kg disc moving in uniform circular motion on the table, which stretches the spring by 0.03 m. friction is negligible. what is the centripetal force on the disc?

Answers

F equals 3N with respect to the circle's center, moving in the same direction as the centripetal acceleration.

How much centripetal force is there in a centrifuge?

Centripetal force is the force that pushes an item in the direction of its center of curvature. It is fundamental to how a centrifuge operates.

On a roller coaster, what is centripetal force?

An item travelling in a circle is pushed inward toward what is known as the center of rotation, which is essentially what a roller coaster accomplishes when it travels through a loop. The force that maintains an object moving along a curved route is this pull toward the center, or centripetal force.

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A car is traveling in a straight line path at a maximum speed of 7. 00 m/s. The driver of the car applies the brakes bringing the car to a stop after traveling 10. 0 m. What is the magnitude of the car's acceleration?.

Answers

The magnitude of the car's acceleration is 2.45 m/ and this can be determined by using the equation of kinematics.

How much acceleration is the automobile experiencing?

Given :

A car is traveling in a straight-line path at a maximum speed of 7.00 m/s.The  driver of the vehicle applies the brakes bringing the car to a stop after traveling  10.0 m.

According to the kinematics:

V= u + at --- (1)

where v is the final speed, u is the initial speed, a is the acceleration and t is time.

Now, put the known terms in equation (1).

0 = 7 + at

at = -7  

t = - 7/ a--- (2)

From the kinematics the displacement is given by the equation:

S= ut +1/2 at ²

Now, put the values of u, S, and t in the above equation.

10 = 7*-7/a +1/2 *a*49/a²

Now, simplify the above equation.

20a = -49

a = -2.45

So, the magnitude of the car's acceleration is 2.45 m/.

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One of the most efficient engines ever built is a coal-fired steam turbine engine in the ohio river valley, driving an electric generator as it operates between 1,870°c and 430°c.
a. What is its maximum theoretical efficiency?
b. Its actual efficiency is 42.0%. How much mechanical power does the engine deliver if it absorbs 1.60 ✕ 10^5 J of energy each second from the hot reservoir?

Answers

A. The maximum theoretical efficiency is 67.2 %.

B. The hot reservoir is 56.7 kW.

Solution:

A. Max. theoretical (Carnot) efficiency = 1-T(cold)/T(hot)

or 1 - (430+273)/(1870+273) =   0.672  = 67.2 %.

B. mechanical power delivered = 0.42*1.35*10^5 = 56700 J/s = 56700  W = 56.7 kW.

A Carnot engine operating between two given temperatures exhibits the highest possible efficiency among heat engines operating between these two temperatures. The Carnot engine has the highest efficiency among heat engines operating between two temperatures. Diesel is more flammable than gasoline.

Second, petrol doesn't burn completely, so very little fuel is wasted. Because of this, diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline engines. The Carnot cycle achieves maximum efficiency because all heat is transferred to the working fluid at the highest temperature.

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From what maximum height could a person jump and land rigidly upright on both feet without breaking his legs? assume that all the energy is absorbed in the leg bones in a rigid landing. Neglect any friction.

Answers

The maximum height  is 4.33m from which a person can jump rigidly without breaking any bones.

We have some data like bone maximum bearable energy is 3000J.Also,mass of person is 70kg.We know that a person cannot be broken until person jump from that height where the potential energy of person due to its position is greater than the bone energy.

It means that we need to equate or potential of person with the bone energy.

We know that potential energy of person is given by =mgh where m is the mass of the body, g is acceleration due to gravity and h is the height of the body.

Therefore, potential energy is =m × g × h

=>potential energy=70×9.8×h---------(eq1)

Now, we have bone energy =3000J -----(eq2)

Equate both equations,we get

=>70×9.8×h=3000

=>h=(3000/(70×9.8)

=>h=3000/686

=>h=4.33m

Hence, maximum height is 4.33m.

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(Complete question) is:

The maximum energy a bone can absorb without breaking is surprisingly small. for a healthy human of mass70 kg , experimental data show that the leg bones can absorb about 3000 j . From what maximum height could a person jump and land rigidly upright on both feet without breaking his legs? assume that all the energy is absorbed in the leg bones in a rigid landing. neglect any friction.

What is acceleration due to gravity constant? Include units. (numeric value)

Answers

Acceleration due to gravity is the acceleration gained by an object due to gravitational force. Its SI unit is m/s2. It has both magnitude and direction, hence, it's a vector quantity. Acceleration due to gravity is represented by g. The standard value of g on the surface of the earth at sea level is 9.8 m/s2.

a ring on a table is pulled on by three forces that are parallel to the table. the ring is not moving. how big is the force f? (this question is looking at horizontal forces. the weight and the normal force are in vertical and balanced.)

Answers

Three forces parallel to the table pull on a table's ring with the greatest force being 20 sinθ N.

The push or pull on a massed object changes its velocity. An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude. Newton is the SI unit of force.

A push or pull that an object experiences as a result of interacting with another item is known as a force. Frictional force is one type of force. Force of Tension Standard Force.

The characteristics of lines of force are that they never cross, are proportionate to charge, cannot pass through a conductor, and begin at a positive charge and end at a negative charge.

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if my mass on earth is 70 kg, calculate my mass on the moon where the acceleration due to gravity (g) is 1.6 m/s^2. explain your answer.

Answers

My mass on the moon would be 44 kg.

This is because mass is a measure of an object's inertia, which is determined by its density and volume. Since the acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1.6 m/s^2, the force of gravity acting on the object will be less than it is on earth, and therefore the object's mass will be less. To calculate the mass on the moon, we can use the equation m = mg/g, where m is the mass on the moon, m is the mass on earth, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. In this equation, the mass on earth is 70 kg and the acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1.6 m/s^2, so the mass on the moon would be 70 kg x 1.6 m/s^2/9.8 m/s^2 = 44 kg.

Step 1: Determine the formula to calculate your mass on the moon. The formula to calculate mass on the moon is mass on the moon = mass on earth * (acceleration due to gravity of the moon/acceleration due to gravity of the earth).

Step 2: Insert the values into the formula. Mass on the moon = 70 kg * (1.6 m/s^2 / 9.8 m/s^2)

Step 3: Solve the equation. Mass on the moon = 70 kg * (0.1633) = 11.431 kg

Therefore, your mass on the moon is 11.431 kg.

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Element x decays radioactively with a half life of 13 minutes. If there are 400 grams of element x, how long, to the nearest tenth of a minute, would it take the element to decay to 4 grams?.

Answers

The time needed for a 400-grams radioactive element with half-life of 13 minutes to decay to 4 grams is 86.4 minutes.

The half-life formula of a decay system is given by:

A = Ao x (0.5)^(t/h)

Where:

A = final amount

Ao = Initial amount

t = time period

h = half-life

Parameters given in the problem:

h = 13 minutes

Ao = 400 grams

A = 4 grams

Plug these parameters into the formula:

4 = 400 x (0.5)^(t/13)

(0.5)^(t/13) = 0.01

t/13 x log(0.5) = log (0.01)

t/13 = 6.64

t = 6.64 x 13 = 86.4 minutes

Hence, it takes 86.4 minutes for the element X to decay to 4 grams.

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