A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect the level of pancreatic secretions.
Cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone (made up of amino acids) that aids in fat and protein digestion. It achieves the function by contracting or stimulating gall bladder and pancrease to secrete their enzymes. Gall bladder has bile stored in it produced and transported by the liver.
Bile helps in emulsification of lipids this assisting it's digestion and movement into the enteric cells. Enzymes from pancreas are are protease, amylase and lipase. Protease acts on proteins, lipase acts on fatty acids and amylase acts on carbohydrates.
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the human body processes and eliminates food waste using the organs of the excretory system. which organelle performs a similar function in humans at the cellular level?
Waste from the body is processed and expelled through the excretory system. The organelles known as lysosomes carry out this function at the cellular level.
What purpose do lysosomes serve?The cell's digestive system, which demonstrates autophagy and destroys foreign particles, has been known as the lysosome. The macromolecules are broken down into pieces and subsequently removed from the cell.
Where do lysosomes reside in cells?As membrane-bound organelles, lysosomes store hydrolytic enzymes and other cellular waste in a space inside the membrane known as the lumen. The structure of a cell's lysosome is depicted in the diagram below. The lumen has a pH between 4.5 and 5.0, which means it is very acidic.
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____condition that causes the lungs to lose elasticity; permanently enlarges airways and destroys the alveoli in lung tissue.
emphysema condition that causes the lungs to lose elasticity; permanently enlarges airways and destroys the alveoli in lung tissue.
How long will someone who has emphysema live?Emphysema has a bad prognosis and an average life expectancy of roughly five years since most patients are really not diagnosed unless stage 2 or 3.Emphysema progression can be significantly slowed down by treatment and early detection.
What occurs if you develop emphysema?One of the disorders that makes up COPD is emphysema .Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that damages lung tissue gradually over time, particularly the alveoli.
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__________ is a highly conserved nucleotide sequence that has been found in developmental regulatory genes in many diverse organisms.
A homeobox is a highly conserved nucleotide sequence that has been found in developmental regulatory genes in many diverse organisms.
A DNA segment called a homeobox, which is around 180 base pairs long, controls the early development of large-scale anatomical features. For instance, changes to a homeobox may affect the full-grown organism's large-scale anatomical traits. In many single cell eukaryotes, fungi, plants, and animals, homeoboxes are present inside genes that regulate the morphogenesis, or patterning of anatomical development.
As transcription factors with a distinctive protein fold structure that binds DNA to control the expression of target genes, homeobox genes produce homeodomain protein products. Early embryonic development is regulated by homeodomain proteins, which means that mutations in homeobox genes might result in developmental problems.
Hence, homeobox sequence is conserved in various organism.
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What is meiosis and mitosis simple definition?
Mitosis is a type of cell division for somatic cells and for the asexual reproduction of unicellular eukaryotic cells.
Meiosis is the type of cell division for the production of gametes in sexual reproduction . Meiosis is the process through which egg and sperm cells are formed. Mitosis is a necessary step for life.
A cell copies all of its components, including its chromosomes, and separates to generate two identical daughter cells during mitosis.
Meiosis is a form of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms and results in a reduction in the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm).
Mitosis is the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells (cell division).
Mitosis is a kind of cell division that occurs in somatic cells as well as in unicellular eukaryotic cells during asexual reproduction. Meiosis is a sort of cell division that occurs during sexual reproduction to produce gametes.
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what is the probability that the offspring will be unable to roll the tongue? 0 2 3 4
The probability that the offspring will be unable to roll the tongue is 0 percent, which suggests that option A is the right answer.
Rolling of tongue is dominant trait which is transferred from parents to off-springs in the cases as per the Mendelian law of inheritance and the Punnett square. Let us consider the case of homozygotic parents with traits in the form of allele pair 'TT' and 'tt' for the male and female parents respectively. Thus the cells will have 'T' and 't' separately as gametes. These gametes will combine to form 'Tt' allele pair in the offspring. The 'T' trait being dominant will cause the child to be able to roll the tongue.
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What energy does burning hydrocarbons release?
When hydrocarbons are burned with oxygen present, carbon dioxide and water are produced. Carbon monoxide may also be released during the burning of hydrocarbons if there is an imbalance between the amount of carbon and oxygen present.
The energy of the bonds in hydrocarbons is larger than the sum of the energies of the bonds in carbohydrates, hence burning a hydrocarbon will release more energy than burning an equivalent amount of carbohydrates.
The chemical bonds that bind the carbon and hydrogen atoms together are where energy is stored. Bonds are broken and new bonds are created when the atoms are rearranged during the combustion event, releasing energy.
Currently, the primary source of energy for the production of electric power, heating, and transportation is the burning of hydrocarbons.
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Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) plays a key role in supporting populations of fish and crabs in the shallow portions of the Chesapeake Bay and the rivers that flow into it. There are many species of underwater plants that make up SAV beds. Use what you know about photosynthesis and cellular respiration to explain why SAV beds are critical to the health of fish and crabs that live in the Chesapeake Bay. Use evidence and scientific reasoning to support your answer.
The Submerged aquatic vegetation plays a key role is the survival of the fish and crabs due to the by product of photosynthesis such as oxygen.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make use of green pigment called chlorophyll to manufacture their food through the use of energy from sunlight.
The by product of photosynthesis is oxygen which is in turn used by the aquatic animals such as the fish and crab for the cellular respiration.
Submerged aquatic vegetation is made up of aquatic plants that grow completely under water. They produce oxygen as by product of photosynthesis which is used by aquatic animals for survival.
The Submerged aquatic vegetation can be found in both freshwater and saltwater habitats.
Therefore, the submerged aquatic vegetation plays a key role is the survival of the fish and crabs due to the by product of photosynthesis such as oxygen.
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A researcher is conducting a phylogenetic study of organisms using GeneA. In several of the species she is examining, she retrieves three different but similar gene sequences using the same primers. What should she conclude from her results?
-She has contamination in her experiments and should start over.
-GeneA has undergone a gene duplication in several species.
-GeneA is currently evolving in those species she found different sequences. It will be found as a different sequence in different tissues.
-GeneA has different alleles in some species.
-It is impossible to tell from the given information.
She has contamination in her experiments and should start over.
In biology, phylogeny is the study of evolutionary history and relationships between or within biomes. These relationships are determined by phylogenetic methods that focus on observed genetic traits such as DNA sequence, protein amino acid sequence, or morphology.
The phylogeny of animals in relation to the evolution of animal organs. This type of diagram allows us to infer the evolutionary relationships of major animal lineages based on the organ level of the tissue.
Phylogeny can be described as the relationship between all organisms on Earth descended from a common ancestor, whether extinct or extant.
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how does the relation between temperament and life decisions illustrate the gene-environment correlation phenomenon in the nature/nurture debate?
The relation between temperament and life decisions illustrates the gene-environment correlation phenomenon in the nature or nurture debate because surrounding conditions are able to shape gene expression patterns and thus control phenotypic features.
What is the gene-environment correlation phenomenon?The gene environment correlation phenomenon is a genetic model that states how gene expression in a particular environment is able to shape the phenotypic features of an organism, i.e. the morphological and or behavioral traits in animals and humans.
The gene environment correlation phenomenon is well known to control the phenotypic expression of quantitative traits such as those associated with behavior (temperament).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the gene environment correlation phenomenon is able to control the development of quantitative traits such as those associated with the behavior, and therefore a suitable surrounding environment may stimulate to enhance certain types of traits.
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An immune deficiency causes a severe reduction in the amount of mhc-ii expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells. predict which immune processes will be significantly impacted by this deficiency.
a. true
b. false
True, immune deficiency causes a severe reduction in the amount of mhc-ii expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells. predict which immune processes will be significantly impacted by this deficiency.
In general ,the main function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules is to derive the refined antigens, which are derived primarily from exogenous sources, to CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. we can also say that MHC class II molecules are critical for the initiation of the antigen-specific immune response.
Hence, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II proteins are important to play a key role in the active response of the immune system.
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How energy is released in a fire?
The energy release in fire involves the conversion of chemical energy into thermal energy. Chemical energy is contained in the bonds between atoms and molecules.
Fire is a chemical process that produces carbon dioxide and water from a fuel and oxygen. It is an exothermic process, which produces heat. This is because the chemical bonds in the oxygen molecule are relatively weak, and the new bonds formed are more stable, resulting in a net energy generation.
The basic combustion equation for fire is: fuel + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water, which many of us learned in school. However, combustion processes do not go from oxygen to carbon dioxide immediately. Instead, a slew of intermediary molecules get in the way.
Incomplete combustion can occur, resulting in exceptionally high amounts of intermediate molecules. If a flame does not receive enough oxygen, it may create carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.
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An earthworm has 36 chromosomes in each of its diploid cells. how many chromosomes would be in each of its gametes?
18 chromosomes would be in each of its gametes.
What are chromosomes?
the nucleus of most living cells contains a threadlike structure made of nucleic acids and proteins that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. The chromosome's distinctive structure helps to increase the integrity of the DNA while also keeping it securely packed with histone proteins to fit within the cell. For instance, a single cell's DNA will be 6 feet long when unraveled; from this, it is clear why each cell's nucleus needs to be packaged.
according to the given information:
number of chromosomes: 36
36√2 is 18
18 chromosomes would be in each gamete.
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When are tides highest?
Answer:Once a month at perigee (the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the earth.)
Explanation:when the moon is closest to the Earth, tide-generating forces are higher than usual, producing above average ranges in the tides. About two weeks later, at apogee, when the moon is farthest from the Earth, the lunar tide-raising force is smaller, and the tidal ranges are less than average.
Answer:Once a month, at perigee, when the moon is closest to the Earth, tide-generating forces are higher than usual, producing above average ranges in the tides.
samford micro lab final what types of conditions promote bacterial growth? what types of conditions inhibit bacterial growth?
Bacteria thrive in an environment that is warm, moist, protein-rich, pH neutral, or slightly acidic. Unfavorable conditions for bacterial development can be brought on by extremes in temperature, pressure, and pH.
The term FATTOM stands for food, acidity, time, temperature, oxygen, and moisture, which are all prerequisites for bacterial development.Because bacteria can not thrive in acidic environments, it is crucial to store low-acid items (such as many vegetables, fruits, cereals, etc.) correctly. A further defense against bacterial growth is to store food in low-oxygen conditions.
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why is the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions used as a measure of selection for a given locus?
This ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions is used to estimate how quickly gene sequences are evolving.
Since a Ka/Ks ratio of 1 is a defining characteristic of sequences that code for proteins, a gene can be assumed to be functional. A synonymous nucleotide substitution has a lower degree of nonsynonymous substitution. Comparing the rates of fixation of those two types of mutations provides a great tool for understanding the mechanisms since synonymous (silent) mutations are essentially invisible to natural selection while nonsynonymous (amino-acid-replacing) mutations may be under severe selective pressure. Protein sequences are altered by nonsynonymous mutations, which are commonly exposed to natural selection. The same is true for nonsense mutations that cause CDSs to contain premature stop codons (coding sequences).
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Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.
a. True
b. False
True, Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.
A biofilm is a symbiotic community of surface-associated microbial cells encased in an extracellular polymeric material matrix. Van Leeuwenhoek discovered microbial biofilms by initially observing germs on tooth surfaces with his rudimentary microscopes.
Biofilms are common in nature because they are a microorganism's survival mechanism. They are intricate, slime-encased microbial communities that can be visible as slime layers on objects in water or at water-air interfaces. Plaque that accumulates on our teeth, slime that builds on shower tiles, and the slippery coating on pond rocks are all examples of biofilms. Bacteria in a biofilm adhere to surfaces and to one another.
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aquifers are underground sources of clean water that stretch over thousands of square miles. people who own land over the aquifer are free to take as much as they want. because there is no private cost associated with using the water, the water supply in the aquifer is likely to
Aquifers that fall under the area owned by people, they can freely use it. However the water supply in aquifer is likely to: fall down due to over use and it will not have an efficient outcome.
Aquifers are the large area present underground below the rocks or sediment particles layer of the earth. These area contain the deposited ground water. It is considered to be clean and safe for use because as the water passes through the sediments, it gets filtered.
Water is an inorganic colorless chemical substance. It is considered to be one of the essentialities for living. More than 70% of the earth is covered with water. However the water available worth drinking (fresh water) is only 0.5 %.
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What membranes of the maculae sacculi and utriculi are important in sensing gravity and motion?
The otolithic membranes of the maculae sacculi and utriculi are important in sensing gravity and motion. The vestibular system of the inner ear has a fibrous tissue called the otolithic membrane.
It is essential for how the brain interprets balance. In addition to measuring the linear acceleration of the body, the membrane also determines whether the head or the body is tilted.
Three pairs of otoliths, which differ in size and form, are present on each fish. Otoliths, which are a component of the fish's inner ear, provide fish the ability to hear, detect vibrations in the water, and sense balance so they may more easily traverse their environment.
Sound waves are converted into mechanical vibrations that excite the inner ear via the tympanic membrane (TM), which divides the middle ear from the external ear.
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which cells will most likely display mutations that could potentially result in cancer?
Oncogenes are mutated genes that cause cells to grow out of control and can lead to cancer.
An oncogene is a mutated gene with the ability to cause cancer. A proto-oncogene is a gene that regulates normal cell division before it becomes mutated into an oncogene.
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels. When critical functions are altered or malfunctioning, most normal cells will undergo a programmed form of rapid cell death.
They regulate cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation, as well as cell cycle and apoptosis control. Growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal transducers, transcription factors, apoptosis regulators, and chromatin remodelers are all products of oncogenes.
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a population has a gene with 2 alleles, f and f. the frequency of the f allele is 0.8. the frequency of the f allele is 0.2. this is all that you know about this population. what is the frequency of the ff genotype?
Answer: answer below
Explanation: Hardy-Weinberg Equation (HW) states that following certain biological tenets or requirements, the total frequency of all homozygous dominant alleles (p) and the total frequency of all homozygous recessive alleles (q) for a gene, account for the total # of alleles for that gene in that HW population, which is 100% or 1.00 as a decimel. So in short: p + q = 1, and additionally (p+q)^2 = 1^2, or 1So (p+q)(p+q) algebraically works out to p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, where p^2 = genotype frequency of homozygous dominant individuals, 2pq = genotype frequency of heterozygous individuals, and q^2 = genotype frequency of homozygous recessive individuals. The problem states that Ptotal = 150 individuals, H frequency (p) = 0.2, and h frequency (q) = 0.8.So homozygous dominant individuals (HH) = p^2 = (0.2)^2 = 0.04 or 4% of 150 --> 6 peopleHeterozygous individuals (Hh) = 2pq = 2(0.2)(0.8) = 0.32 or 32% of 150 --> 48 peopleAnd homozygous recessive individuals (hh) = q^2 = (0.8)^2 = 0.64 = 64% of 150 --> 96 peopleHope that helps you to understand how to solve these types of population genetics problems!
which term is not related to the other terms 1) blepharoptosis 2) asthenopia 3) sclera 4) leukocoria 5) ophthalmology
The term "white pupil" or "cat's eye pupil" is leukocoria.
An aberrant pupillary reflex called leukocoria is more readily visible through mydriasis or photography. It frequently signals a variety of significant intraocular illnesses for the first time.
Congenital cataract, Coats disease, retinoblastoma, retinopathy of prematurity, toxocariasis, Norrie disease, retrolental fibroplasia, and other conditions are among those that frequently present with leukocoria.
The majority of disorders are vision-threatening, and retinoblastoma may be life-threatening, therefore prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. The proper therapy of eyes with leukocoria will be aided by an immediate referral to an ophthalmologist and an interdisciplinary interaction with a pediatric ophthalmologist, retina specialist, and ocular oncologist.
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markita is sitting in the first row of a baseball game, when a foul ball comes streaking at her head. she barely has time to move out of the way, and narrowly avoids getting hit. which part of her nervous system will go into overdrive and mobilize her energy resources in the face of this near disaster?
Markita has hit herself with baseball game then her sympathetic nervous system willl response tkb the hitting stimuli.
Your sympathetic nervous system is high-quality acknowledged for its function in responding to risky or disturbing situations. The nervous system has sympathetic system that usually response to the act of stimulus.
In those situations, your sympathetic frightened machine turns on to hurry up your coronary heart rate, supply extra blood to regions of your frame that want extra oxygen or different responses to assist your get out of danger.
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A mutation that occurs in a somatic cell in an organism will most likely be transferred to:_________.
The transmission of germ-line mutations to an organism's progeny occurs during sexual reproduction and occurs in egg cells (sperm or eggs). In non-reproductive cells, somatic mutations take place;
What does the term "somamic mutation" mean?a DNA mutation that happens after conception. All body cells, excluding the spermatids (and egg), are susceptible to somatic mutations, which are not passed on to offspring. These changes may, but are not always, the root of cancer or other illnesses.
How does a somatic mutation start?Throughout an individual's life cycle, somatic mutations take place either spontaneously as just a result of mistakes in the DNA repair machinery or as a direct reaction to stress. They are a typical element of aging. Early-stage mutations can alter the gene line and affect organism development by causing mosaicism.
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which of the following is not a shape seen in prokaryotes? a) spheres b) rods c) spirals d) icosanedrals
Answer:D
Explanation:A. Spheres B. Rods C. Spirals D. Icosahedrons
Some parasitic flatworms have a very complicated life cycle with more than one host. Infer why this might be adaptive.
Flatworms have suction device and hook rings on their heads to attach themselves to a host. Parasitic flatworms absorb nutrients directly from the host's digestive system with their suction. So that flatworms can live in several hosts during their cycle.
Flatworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. There are more than 25,000 species in the flatworm phylum.
The life cycle of this flatworm is quite long, starting from:
The egg (which usually comes out with feces) → then becomes a ciliated larva (miracidium) → water snail → sporocyst → redia → cercaria → leaves the snail's body → attaches to aquatic plants → forms cysts → consumed by certain animals → enters the intestine → enters the liver → until adulthood.
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the cambrian explosion occurred 541 million years ago. this event resulted in an increase in _____.
541 million years ago, there was the Cambrian explosion. Multicellular organism diversity increased as a result of this event.
What happened after the Cambrian explosion?More than 500 million years ago, the Cambrian explosion took place. It was a time of rapid proliferation of many types of life on Earth and the beginning of the appearance of the majority of the major animal groupings in the fossil record.
What purpose did the Cambrian boom serve?The Cambrian epoch, which spanned roughly 542-488 million years ago, is known for having experienced the fastest emergence of new animal phyla and animal variety in Earth's history. This period, frequently referred to as the Cambrian explosion, is thought to have given rise to the majority of the animal phyla that are still extant today.
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4. Carrying capacity is a concept that:
A. applies to humans as well as plants and other animals
B. does not depend upon the amount of area in question
C. can be ignored by humans
D. determines the load a bridge can handle
Carrying capacity is a concept that applies to humans as well as plants and other animals (option A).
What is carrying capacity?Carrying capacity is the number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support.
Carrying capacity also describes the number of people, animals, or crops which a region can support without environmental degradation.
This applies to biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available.
Therefore, it can be said that option A is correct about carrying capacity.
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multigene families include two or more nearly identical genes or genes sharing nearly identical sequences. a classical example is the set of genes for globin molecules, including genes on human chromosomes 11 and 16. how might identical and obviously duplicated gene sequences have gotten from one chromosome to another?
Identical and duplicated gene sequences have gotten from one chromosome to another by chromosomal translocation.
Translocations occur when a broken segment of a chromosome moves to another chromosome that is not its homologous chromosome. This event occurs during meiosis I. Translocations between non-homologous chromosomes form new chromosomes
Translocation is a mechanism for changing the structure of chromosomes or chromosomal mutations. Changes in the structure of chromosomes are usually a result of using light that has a high radiation power, for example, X-rays, UV rays, or ionizing radiation.
So, in multigene families, a chromosomal translocation occurs.
The question is multiple choice:
A) by normal meiotic recombination
B) by normal mitotic recombination between sister chromatids
C) by transcription followed by recombination
D) by chromosomal translocation
E) by deletion followed by insertion
The true choice is D
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Which cells will most likely display mutations that could potentially result in cancer?
Proto-oncogenes are likely to mutate and become cancer causing cells.
Mutations (changes) in proto-oncogenes can result in oncogenes that cause cancer cells to grow. Proto-oncogenes are usually genes that help cells grow and divide to form new cells or keep them alive.
When a proto-oncogene is mutated (changed) or has too many copies, it is switched on (activated) at an unexpected time and is called an oncogene.
Proto-oncogenes often encode proteins that stimulate cell division, inhibit cell differentiation, and arrest cell death. All of these processes are important for normal human development and maintenance of tissues and organs.
Before oncogenes mutate, they are called proto-oncogenes and play a role in regulating normal cell division. Cancer can occur when a proto-oncogene mutates, turning it into an oncogene and causing cells to divide and grow uncontrollably.
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i need help with this
Answer:
-cells
-tissues
-organs
-organ systems
Explanation:
Cells are the building blocks of life, so are relatively very small. Tissues are made of cells, and organs are made of tissue. And of course, organ systems are organs working together.