The molecular formula is C₂H₄O₂ when molecular weight is 180 g having empirical formula of CH₂O.
The compound's empirical formula is CH₂O, which contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every carbon atom.
CH₂O has a mass of 30 (=12+2*1+16).The molecule has a molecular weight of about 180.As a result, the supplied molecule has the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆.
What is the chemical structure of the equation for water, CH₂O?
A substance that is organic and has a molar mass pf 60 grams / mole as well as an empirical formula of CH₂O also has a molecular formula or C₂H₄O₂.
How much CH₂O is in a mole?
A mol of CH₂O has a molar mass of 30.026 g.
The periodic chart must first be used to estimate its atomic mass of the each element in the compound.
Therefore, the molecular formula is C₂H₄O₂ with the empirical formula of CH₂O.
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Which one of these sentences is appropriate for a formal lab report in CHM113 lab? a) Three more trials were conducted and the data was recorded.
b) First, record the seven concentrations of the red dye which......
c) The corvet was whipped with a soft tissue and then........ The error occurred because Tim spilled the solution.
d) We got a good yield.
The sentence that is appropriate for a formal lab report in CHM113 lab is that three more trials are conducted and the data was recorded which.
The essential elements should be included in a formal lab report, which serves as a record of your laboratory activities: introductory, experimental procedure, data, analysis as well as discussion, and conclusion. Each section must include a heading and it should be clean, orderly, and succinct.
Hence, the appropriate for a formal lab report in CHM113 lab is that three more trials are conducted and the data was recorded which is therefore option A is correct.
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Order the following events to describe how igneous rock can form at Mauna Loa
Answer:
3 then 4 then 5 then 1 then 2
Explanation:
ordering 1 through 5 from top to bottom
The correct order of igneous rock can form at Mauna Loa is as follows:
3Rock beneath Mauna Loa melts to form magma.
4 Melted rock rises toward Earth's surface.
5 Lava erupts from Mauna Loa and flows down the volcano.
1 Lava flowing down the volcano enters the Pacific Ocean.
2 Ocean water cools the lava, causing it to crystallize and form igneous rock.
What is an igneous rock ?Igneous rocks are the form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies. Igneous rock is produced through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Igneous rocks produce when magma from inside the Earth moves toward the surface, or is forced above the Earth's surface as lava and ash by a volcano.
Thus, The correct order of igneous rock can form at Mauna Loa is 3, 4, 5, 1, and 2.
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Calculate the frequency of the light emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom makes each of the following transitions.
a. n = 4¡n = 3
b. n = 5¡n = 1
c. n = 5¡n = 4
d. n = 6¡n = 5
The frequency of the light emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom makes each of the following transitions energy of the electron in the nth state is En = -2.18 x 10-18J for the n = 4¡n = 3
Therefore, when an electron transitions from nito to ng, the energy of the emitted photon is the energy of the electron in the two associated states.
Ephoton = AE = En:- En = -2.18 x 10-1810-18 / 1The frequency (\nu) can be calculated from the photon energy asEphoton = hvV = Ephoton here h is Planck's constant.Coming to a given transition, we can calculate the frequency as follows:a. n=4 to n=3.lPhoton energy can be calculated as1Ephoton = AE = En:- En, = -2.18 x 10-18* 10-18> Ephoton = -2.18 x 10-1811.06 x 10-19From this the photon frequency is calculated as» - Epaten -1.06 x 10-19 )6.626 x 10-34 J. 1.60 1014 -1b. n=5 to n=1.Photon energy can be calculated as follows 1Ephoton = AE = En:- En = -2.18 x 10-188 x 10-18→ Ephoton = -2.18 x 10- 18 2.09 10-18 ]So the photon frequency can be calculated asc. n=5 to n=4.The photon energy can be calculated as , the photon frequency can be calculated as n=6 to n=5.The photon energy can be calculated as2.66 x 10-20Read more about photon:
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the density of a certain gaseous fluoride of phosphorus is 3.93 g/l at stp. calculate the molar mass of this fluoride and determine its molecular formula. answer
The molar mass of the compound is 88 g/mol and the formula of the compound is [tex]P_{2} F_{2}[/tex].
What is the molar mass of the gas?We know that the ideal gas equation is the equation that we can be able to obtain any of the parameters that has to do with a gas. In this case, we have the gas that we are told that it is a certain gaseous fluoride of phosphorus and that the density of the gas is about 3.93 g/l
Given that;
MM = dRT/P
MM = molar mass
d = density of the gas
R = gas constant
T = temperature
P = pressure
Then we have to be able to substitute the values as shown;
MM = 3.93 * 0.082 * 273/1
MM = 88 g/mol
The formula of the gas is obtained from;
[PF]n = 88
[31 + 19]n = 88
50n = 88
n = 88/50
n = 2
The molecular formula of the compound is [tex]P_{2} F_{2}[/tex].
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draw the electron dot formula for ammonia, nh3. how many nonbonding electron pairs are in an ammonia molecule? question 27 options: a) 1 b) 3 c) 2 d) none of the above e) 6
1 nonbonding electron pairs are in an ammonia molecule.
N has 5 electrons in its valence shell
3 electrons are being used to bond with Hydrogens
2 are left
therefore, there is 1 electron pair
A chemical bond is a lasting enchantment between atoms or ions that allows the formation of molecules and crystals. The bond might also result from the electrostatic pressure between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds, or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds.
There are 3 primary varieties of bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic. Ionic bonding. Definition: An ionic bond is shaped whilst valence electrons are transferred from one atom to the alternative to finish the outer electron shell.
The bond between hydrogen and oxygen atoms to form water is an instance of a covalent bond.
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Why did we choose these particular salts to test how the soap reacts with hard water?
The magnesium ion interacts with the soap molecules in hard water to create a precipitate, which is a solid that does not dissolve.
What sort of thing is a precipitate?The chemical reaction of potassium chloride + silver nitrate, which results in the precipitation of solid silver chloride, is one of the greatest illustrations of precipitation reactions. The precipitation reaction resulted in the formation of this insoluble salt.
A precipitate, does that imply it dissolved?A substance emerging from solution is the act of precipitation. The opposite of solvation or dissolution, respectively. The solute particles dissociate from one another and are encircled by solvent molecules during dissolution. When precipitation occurs, the solute find one another and combine to form a solid.
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a 2.66 mol sample of kr has a volume of 401 ml. how many moles of kr are in a 6.71 l sample at the same temperature and pressure?
The number of moles of kr are in a 6.71 l sample at the same temperature and pressure is 10.94 mol.
What is pressure?
A simpler definition is that pressure means how much something presses on something else. It is expressed in force per unit area. P=F/A.
Therefore, The number of moles of kr are in a 6.71 l sample at the same temperature and pressure is 10.94 mol. A simpler definition is that pressure means how much something presses on something else. It is expressed in force per unit area. P=F/A. Pressure means how much something presses on something else. The number of moles of kr are in a 6.71 l sample at the same temperature.
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What is the most important reason why we throw salt on the ice on driveways?
The most important reason why we throw salt on the ice on drivers because it melts the ice.
In the regions where the climate is very cold, a lot of snow gets accumulated on the driveways.
The result in the blockage of the driveways.
In order to melt the ice present on the driveways we use salt.
When salt is thrown on the ice it releases heat the heat released by the salt is captured by the Ice and it melts to form water. Because of the dissociation of the ions of the salt, the freezing point of the ice on the road decreases to a very low point from zero degrees.
Also using salt is a rather economical method of removing ice the driveways.
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(a) for an ag-90 at% sr alloy at 600c: (i) plot the constitution point on the phase diagram. (ii) identify the phases present and find their compositions in at%. (iii) the temperature is slowly reduced to 500c. will the phase compositions and proportions change? (b) for an ag-30 at% sr alloy at 600c: (i) plot the constitution point on the phase diagram. (ii) identify the phases present, and find their compositions in at%. (iii) will the proportions change if the temperature is reduced to 500c? why is this? (c) the atomic weight of ag is 107.9 and that of sr is 87.6. calculate the compositions of the four intermetallic compounds in the agesr system in weight%. (d) for an al-4 wt% cu alloy: (i) calculate the composition in at% cu (atomic masses of al and cu: 26.98 and 63.54, respectively). (ii) at 550c, identify the phase(s) present, and find its composition (in wt%) and proportion by weight. (iii) repeat for 250c.
(a) At 600 °C, for an Ag-90 at% Sr alloy:
I Draw the phase diagram's constitution point.
(ii) Determine the compositions of the current phases in at%.
(iii) A gradual cooling to 500°C takes place. Will the compositions and ratios of the phases change?
(b) At 600 °C, for an Ag-30 at% Sr alloy:
I Draw the phase diagram's constitution point.
(ii) Recognize the phases and calculate the compositions of each in at%.
(iii) If the temperature is lowered to 500°C, will the proportions change? Why is that so?
(c) The atomic weights of Ag and Sr are 107.9 and 87.6, respectively. Determine the weight percentages of the four intermetallic compounds that make up the Age Sr system.
c) For an Al-4 w t% Copper alloy
I Compute
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what are the molality and mole fraction of solute in a 21.5 percent by mass aqueous solution of formic acid (hcooh)? molality
The molality and mole fraction of solute in a 21.6 percent by mass aqueous solution of formic acid are 5.98mol and 0.097 respectively.
21.6 %m/m = 21.6 g HCOOH dissolved in (100 g - 21.6 g=) 78.4 g H2O
Molar mass of HCOOH = 46.03 g/mol
Mol in 21.6 g = 21.6 g / 46.03 g/mol = 0.4692 mol
78mol HCOOH dissolved in 1000g water= (1000g/78.4g)0.4692 mol
Molality= 5.98mol in 1.0 kg water.
Molar mass H2O = 18 g/mol
Mol H2O in 1000 g = 55.55 mol
Total moles in solution = 5.98mol+55.55mol= 61.53mol
Mol fraction HCOOH = 5.98 mol / 61.53 mol = 0.097
What is molality?
Molality is a measure of the number of intelligencers of solute in a result corresponding to 1 kg or 1000 g of detergent.To know more about molality, click the link given below:
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the ground state electronic configuration of an atom is 1s22s22p63s23p5. how many electrons does this atom have?
Chlorine have electronic configuration of an atom is 1s22s22p63s23p5.
What is Electronic Configuration?
The distribution of electrons in an element's atomic orbitals is described by the element's electron configuration. Atomic electron configurations adhere to a standard nomenclature in which all atomic subshells that contain electrons are arranged in a sequence with the number of electrons they each possess expressed in superscript. For instance, sodium's electron configuration is 1s22s22p63s1.
The placement of electrons in orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus is known as electronic configuration, also known as electronic structure or electron configuration.
The electrical configuration of sodium in this notation would be 1s22s22p63s1, with the orbitals distributed as 2-8-1.
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Cathodic protection of iron involves using another more reactive metal as a sacrificial anode. Classify each of the following metals by whether they would or would not act as a sacrificial anode to iron. Drag each item to the appropriate bin.1. Ag2. Mg3. Cu4. Pb5. Sn6. Zn7. Aua. Will act as sacrificial anode for ironb. Will not act as sacrificial anode for iron
The metals which possess potency towards corrosion are protected with a much more highly active metal called sacrificial anode and thereby combat corrosion.
The reduction potentials of the given elements are shown below,
Fe2++2e−→Fe,E0=−0.44V
Mg2++2e−→Mg,E0=−2.37V
Ag2++2e−→Ag,E0=0.80V
Au3++3e−→Au,E0=1.50V
Pb2++2e−→Pb,E0=−0.13V
Sn2++2e−→Sn,E0=−0.14V
Zn2++2e−→Zn,E0=−0.76V
Cu2++2e−→Cu,E0=0.34V
By analyzing the reduction potentials among the list of given elements, only magnesium and zinc are the only metals that posses a lower reduction potential compared to that of iron. Cathodic protection of iron involves using another more reactive metal as a sacrificial anode. These metals are thus, more reactive than iron making them capable to serve as sacrificial anode. only magnesium and zinc acts as sacrificial anode for iron. The remaining elements Ag, Au, Pb, Sn and Cu will not act as sacrificial anode for iron.
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You are working in the lab with your group and you notice the sweater on the mannequin next to you catches on fire. What is the appropriate course of action? O Tell the mannequin she deserves it for wearing a sweater in such warm weather. o Laugh hysterically because it's not a real person O Push the mannequin on the ground and roll it back and forth to suppress the flames. O Pour flammable liquid on the dummy. Run around the room screaming "Fire, Fire!!!"
The chemical can be really harmful and also flammable so when the fire is caught then the appropriate action is to push the mannequin on the ground and roll it back and fourth to suppress the flames.
What would you use right away if your clothes started on fire?
Use the drop-and-roll method to put out a fire in burning clothing, douse it in cold water, or, if an emergency shower is nearby, use it.
If a chemical spill has affected your clothing, you should _____?
removed right after, and the skin should be thoroughly rinsed with water for at least fifteen minutes. Before being worn again, clothes must be cleaned. If a flammable, volatile substance is spilled, alert everyone right away, put out any flames, and ventilate any area.
The chemical can be really harmful and also flammable so when the fire is caught then the appropriate action is to push the mannequin on the ground and roll it back and fourth to suppress the flames.
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Calculate the number of moles at r.t.p in 2dm of carbon dioxide
Answer:
0.083 mol
Explanation:
Molar volume of gas at r.t.p = 24 dm³
Number of moles = volume(dm³) / 24
Number of moles = 2/24 = 0.083...
2.95 l of n2(g) is mixed with 3.84 l of h2(g) and reacts with 100% yield. what volume of nh3(g) is produced? assume all gases are at the same temperature and pressure.
Volume of nh3(g) is produced is 2.56L
N2(g)+3H2(g)→2NH3(g)
As per the reaction stochiometry we see that the gaseous ractants and products are in the following mole ratio 1:3:2 So ratio of their volume will also follow same ratio.
Hence to maintain that ratio the
2.95L N2(g) will react with 8.85L H2(g) to form theoretically 2⋅2.95L=5.90L NH3(g)
But the volume of H2(g) will fall short then. So hydrogen given will be fully consumed and the yeild of NH3(g) to be calculated on the consumption of of available H2(g) i.e. 3.84L
So theoretical yeild of NH3(g) will be =(2/3)×3.84L≈2.56L
Stoichiometry:
Stoichiometry is the area of chemistry that involves using the relationships between reactants and/or products in a chemical reaction to determine quantitative data of interest. In Greek, stoicane means element and metron means measure, so stoichiometry literally means measure of elements.
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the oxidative step of the citric acid cycle that is not linked to the reduction of nad is the reaction catalyzed by:
The oxidative step of the citric acid cycle that is not linked to the reduction of nad is the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase.
What is citric acid cycle?
C6H8O7 is the chemical formula for citric acid, a weak acid. Both monohydrate and water-free forms are possible for it (anhydrous). Citrus fruits including lemons, oranges, and others typically contain this acid. Tribasic acids are thought to be what it is. It appears as a white crystalline solid, has no smell, and a sour flavour.
What is reduction ?
An increase in the number of electrons linked to an atom or group of atoms is the definition of a reduction, which includes all chemical reactions in the reduction class. To provide the electrons that are absorbed by the reduced molecule, a different substance is oxidised. Identify the oxidation-reduction reaction.
Therefore the oxidative step of the citric acid cycle that is not linked to the reduction of nad is the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase.
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approximately how long after the big bang did the era of nucleosynthesis end, marking the time when the basic chemical composition of the universe was determined?
The Era of nucleosynthesis lasted until 3 minutes after the Big Bang. This predicted by Big Bang theory.
The Nucleosynthesis is the creation of new atomic nuclei. the centers of atoms that are made up of protons and neutrons. Nucleosynthesis first occurred within a few minutes of the Big Bang. At that time, a quark-gluon plasma, a soup of particles known as quarks and gluons, condensed into protons and neutrons.
According to the the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis theory it is predicted that roughly 25% the mass of the Universe consists of Helium. It also predicts about 0.01% deuterium and even smaller quantities of lithium. the prediction depends critically on the density of baryons at the time of nucleosynthesis. In terms of the present day critical density of matter is the required density of baryons is a few percent. This relatively low value means that not all of the dark matter can be baryonic.
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The era of nucleosynthesis ended approximately 3 minutes after the Big Bang, marking the time when the basic chemical composition of the universe was determined.
During this era, the universe was cool enough for protons and neutrons to combine to form the nuclei of the lightest elements, including hydrogen, helium, and a small amount of lithium. This process, known as "big bang nucleosynthesis," was crucial for establishing the basic chemical composition of the universe. After this era ended, the universe continued to expand and cool, and more complex elements were eventually formed through other processes, such as nuclear fusion in stars.
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What is the pH of a substance that has an equal number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions?
7 is the pH of a substance that has an equal number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.
In its purest form, a hydrogen ion is only the hydrogen atom's nucleus without the electron that normally accompanies it. The proton, a particle with a single positive electric charge that makes up the hydrogen nucleus, is what makes hydrogen atoms. As a result, a proton is typically represented by the single hydrogen ion, denoted by the sign H+. The solitary hydrogen ion can only exist in a space that is almost devoid of particles (high vacuum) and in the gaseous state because the bare nucleus can easily join with other particles (electrons, atoms, and molecules). In everyday speech, the term "hydrogen ion" is used to describe the ion that makes up the coupled molecule H+H2O and is found in water solutions.
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How and Why are element configurations written in terms of Noble gas configuration. Explain giving examples.
Answer:
In chemistry, the element configuration of an atom refers to the arrangement of its electrons in its outermost energy level, or valence shell. The element configuration is typically written using the symbols of the elements in the periodic table, and it is used to predict the chemical behavior of the atom.
One common way to write element configurations is in terms of noble gas configurations. A noble gas is a chemical element that is unreactive and stable due to its filled valence shell, and the noble gases are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
The reason why element configurations are often written in terms of noble gas configurations is that it makes it easier to predict the chemical behavior of the atom. For example, the element configuration of sodium is 1s22s22p63s1. This can be written in terms of the noble gas configuration of neon, which is 1s22s22p6, as [Ne]3s1. This notation indicates that the valence shell of sodium has the same electron configuration as the noble gas neon, plus one additional electron in the 3s subshell.
Similarly, the element configuration of chlorine is 1s22s22p63s23p5. This can be written in terms of the noble gas configuration of argon, which is 1s22s22p6, as [Ar]3d5. This notation indicates that the valence shell of chlorine has the same electron configuration as the noble gas argon, plus five additional electrons in the 3p and 3d subshells.
Therefore, element configurations are written in terms of noble gas configurations to provide a concise and easy-to-understand representation of the electron arrangements in the valence shells of atoms. This can help predict the chemical behavior of the atoms and aid in the understanding of the properties of chemical compounds.
Nitrogen can ionically bond with an unknown element x from group 2. How many ions of element x are required to create a stable ionic compound with nitrogen?.
Nitrogen can ionically bond with the unknown element X of group 2. These ions of element X are required to form stable ionic compounds with 3 nitrogen.
What are the properties of ionic bonds?An ionic bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms of her that are chemically bonded.
In ionic bonding, an attractive force occurs between oppositely charged ions, resulting in a strong attractive force between the ions. Therefore, ionic bonds are the strongest bonds.
Ionic bonds are always formed between metals and non-metals.
Nitrogen (non-metal) in this compound has oxidation state -3 and element X (metal) has oxidation state +2.
The least common multiple of 3 and 2 is 6.
Number of nitrogen atoms = 6 ÷ 3. number of nitrogen atoms = 2,
It has two nitrogen atoms.
Atomic number X:
6 ÷ 2 = 3.
For example, Mg₃N₂; magnesium nitride. Nitrogen has an oxidation number of -3 and magnesium has an oxidation number of +2.
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Which is more Electropositive Zn or Cu?
Because copper is more electronegative and zinc is more electropositive zinc will act as the anode and copper will act as the cathode in a battery.
The positive electrode, copper, is negatively charged from the excess electrons at the expense of the negative electrode, zinc, which becomes positively charged. Although we say that copper is the positive pole and zinc is the negative pole, in reality, the transition of electrons will happen against electrostatic forces, not following them. Compared to copper metal, zinc metal loses its outer electrons more readily. Zinc will act as the anode and copper will act as the cathode in a battery. Alkali metals are well-known for being extremely electropositive because they are easily capable of losing one electron to take on the properties of a noble gas. Due to their transition element status, Cu and Cr are less electropositive than alkali metals. The positive electrode is copper, and the negative electrode is zinc.
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As a system reaches thermal equilibrium, _____ has been transferred from areas of high to low _____.
A system has transferred thermal energy from hot to cold regions as it reaches thermal equilibrium.
Define thermal equilibrium and provide instances.When the powertrain temperature reaches thermal equilibrium over time, it does so when it reaches parity with the ambient temperature. The temperature of a cup of hot tea is equal to the ambient temperature when it is placed on the table and following a brief interval. The thermal equilibrium is at this point.
The equation for thermal equilibrium is what?At the same temperature are objects that are in thermal equilibrium. At a fixed temperature, the Neumann free energy equation (F = U - TS), also known as the thermal equilibrium equation, illustrates how much energy is available in a system to perform beneficial work.
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What is the solubility of sugar in 100 g of water at 20 Celsius?
The solubility of sugar in 100 g of water at 20 degrees Celsius is 204g. The water's temperature has an impact on solubility. at standard temperature (roughly 20 degrees C),
In 100 mL of water, 203.9 grammes (or 200 grammes) of sugar can be dissolved. The water's temperature has an impact on solubility. You may dissolve 203.9 grammes (or 200 grammes) of sugar in 100 mL of water at normal temperature (about 20 degrees C). Up to around 500 grammes of sugar will dissolve in 100 mL of water at 100 degrees Celsius as water temperature rises. The concentration of the sucrose solution rises as the temperature rises. 100 ml of water will dissolve 175 g of sucrose at 0 °C.
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Which atom in a water molecule is greedy for electrons, giving it a negative charge?
Oxygen atom in a water molecule is greedy for electrons, giving it a negative charge.
Because oxygen is more electronegative (electron-greedy) than hydrogen, it grabs electrons and keeps them away from the H atoms. This results in a partial negative charge on the oxygen end of the water molecule and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen end.
What is a molecule?
A molecule can be homonuclear, that is, it consists of atoms of one chemical element, eg two atoms in an oxygen (O2) molecule; or it can be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of more than one element, eg water (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H2O). In the kinetic theory of gasses, the term molecule is often used for gaseous particles. This relaxes the requirement that the molecule contain two or more atoms, since noble gasses are single atoms.To know more about molecules, click the link given below:
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the atomic masses of nitrogen-14, titanium-48, and xenon-129 are 13.999234 amuamu , 47.935878 amuamu , and 128.904779 amuamu , respectively. part a calculate the nuclear masses of all three isotopes. express your answers in atomic mass units to six decimal places separated by commas. m(14n)m(14n) , m(48ti)m(48ti) , m(129xe)m(129xe)
The sum of an element's mass number and its number of protons and neutrons is given by the formula mass number = protons + neutrons. Simply deduct the number of protons, or atomic number, from the mass number to get how many neutrons an atom has.
How can the atomic mass of Class 11 be determined?
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom are simply added to determine the atomic mass of that particular atom. Consider an oxygen atom, for instance, which has 8 electrons, 8 protons, and 8 neutrons. You only need to multiply the atomic mass of oxygen by 8 protons and 8 neutrons.
How can the atomic mass of Class 9 be determined?
The atomic mass of a single atom can be determined by summing the total masses of the protons and neutrons in that particular isotope since their combined masses make up nearly all of the mass of the given atom.
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The atmic masses of nitrogen, titanium, xenon are 14.1154amu, 48.38523amu, 130.042455amu
1.Atomic Mass of ₇N¹⁴=13.99amu
Mass of proton=1.0072amu
Mass of neutron=1.00865amu
A nucleus contains only protons and neutrons.N¹⁴ contains 7 protons and 7 neutrons i.e. total 14 nucleons.
Total mass of protons and neutrons =Nuclear mass
(7*1.0072amu)₊(7*1.00865amu)=14.1154amu
2.Given ₂₂N⁴⁸=47.935878 amu
protons=1.00727amu
mass of neuron=1.008665amu
It contains 22 protons and 26 neutrons
Total mass of protons and neutrons =Nuclear mass
(22*1.00727amu)+(26*1.008665amu)=48.38523amu
3.Similarly atomic mass of xenon is 130.042455amu
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Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible.t/f
Liquids and solids exhibit practically no change of solubility with changes in pressure.
As expected, gases increase in solubility with increasing pressure. Henry's Law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of that gas above the surface of the solution.
In chemistry, solubility is the ability of one substance (solute) to form a solution with another substance (solvent). Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of a solute to form such a solution.
The solubility of a substance in a particular solvent is usually measured as the concentration of the solute in the saturated solution beyond which the solute cannot dissolve. At this point, the two substances are said to be in solubility equilibrium. For some solutes and solvents, there may be no such restriction, in which case the two substances are said to be "miscible in all proportions" (or simply "miscible") [2 ].
Solutes can be solids, liquids, or gases, while solvents are usually solids or liquids. Both can be pure substances or solutions. Gases are always miscible in all proportions except in very extreme circumstances, and a solid or liquid can only be "dissolved" in a gas by first going to the gaseous state.
Solubility is primarily dependent on solute and solvent composition (including pH and the presence of other solutes), temperature, and pressure. This dependence can often be explained by interactions between two particles of matter (atoms, molecules, or ions) and thermodynamic concepts such as enthalpy and entropy.
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What happens in transition phase?
How do you predict which bond is shorter?
The length of the bond is determined by the number of bonded electrons (the bond order). The higher the bond order, the stronger the pull between the two atoms, and the shorter the bond length.
An enduring attraction between atoms or ions known as a chemical bond is what allows molecules and crystals to form. The bond may be created by the sharing of electrons in covalent bonds or by the electrostatic attraction of two oppositely charged ions, as in ionic bonds. Covalent, ionic, and metallic bindings are examples of "strong bonds" or "primary bonds," whereas dipole-dipole interactions, the London dispersion force, and hydrogen bonding are examples of "weak bonds" or "secondary bonds." The sharing or transfer of electrons between the involved atoms results in strong chemical bonds.
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What is a half-life time of a radioactive isotope?
Half-life is the length of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms of a specific radionuclide to decay.
Radioactive atoms, of which the environment naturally contains a large number, are what cause ionising radiation. A radioactive atom can be found in the forms of a gas, liquid, or solid just like any other sort of atom. An electron cloud surrounds the atom's nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons.
Most atoms are stable because neutrons and protons are distributed evenly within them. Nevertheless, some atoms have an unstable proton-neutron ratio. Isotopes are variations of an element that have different neutron counts. Atoms seek stability; therefore, to transition from one stable state to another, they let go of energy from their nucleus in the form of particles or rays.
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pf6− does not obey the octet rule. draw its lewis structure and state the type of octet-rule exception. indicate the values of nonzero formal charges. be sure to include lone pair electrons on all atoms.
The PF6- molecule has an octahedral Lewis structure.
The molecule SF6 is an exception to the octet rule. It has six fluorine atoms F linked to sulfur S. With two electrons each link, sulfur has 12 total electrons. That slightly exceeds an octet of eight.
The formal charge on the phosphorus is -1.
Octet rule-the idea that an atom's valence electrons should be eight in order for a molecule comprising carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine to be more stable. An open octet is present in these atoms when one of them has fewer than eight valence electrons.
Sulfur with more than an octet is said to have expanded its valence shell. This can only occur when the valence shell has enough orbitals to accommodate the extra electrons. For example, in the case of phosphorus, the valence shell has a principal quantum number of n = 3. 3s23p6 is an octet.
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