The average force during the bounce of a 0.140-kg baseball that is dropped and reaches a velocity of -1.20 m/s just before it hits the ground and bounces with an upward velocity of 1.00 m/s is 15.5 N
J = m Δv
J = Impulse
m = Mass
m = 0.14 kg
Δv = Change in velocity
Δv = vf - vi
vf = Final velocity
vi = Initial velocity
vf = 1 m / s
vi = - 1.2 m / s
Δv = 1 - ( - 1.2 )
Δv = 2.2 m / s
J = 0.14 * 2.2
J = 0.31 kg m / s
J = F Δt
F = Force
Δt = Change in time
Δt = 0.02 s
F = J / Δt
F = 0.31 / 0.02
F = 15.5 N
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Two in-phase speakers 2.0 m apart in a plane are emitting 1800 Hz sound waves into a room where the speed of sound is 340m/s . Is the point 4.0m in front of one of the speakers, perpendicular to the plane of the speakers, a point of maximum constructive interference, perfect destructive interference, or something in between? pick one of those 3 and say why: 1) This is the point of maximum constructive interference. 2) This is the point of perfect destructive interference.3) This point is something between maximum constructive interference and perfect destructive interference.
The point of destructive interference occurs when the result is within an integer value of +0.5.
The resultant distance between the speakers is determined by the preceding parameters:distance between the speakers, d = 2.0 m,
frequency, f = 1800 Hz,
speed of the sound, v = 340 m/s,
and distance below the speakers, c = 4 m.
L= [tex]\sqrt{4 + 16}[/tex]
L= 4.47 m.
The wavelength of the sound wave is by:
Wavelength (λ)= V /F.
λ=340/1800
λ= .188 m
constructive interference, perfect destructive interference are
x= (4.7-4)/.188
x= 2.5
In what way does wavelength relate to sound?The higher frequency and the higher pitch are produced by sounds with shorter the wavelengths. So, long waves the sound are low and short waves sound is high.
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a 2-kilogram piece of clay moving at 3 m/sec strikes and sticks to a second 2-kilogram piece of clay moving at 1 m/sec in the opposite direction. calculate the speed of the combined piece of clay.
The combined speed of the pieces of clay of mass 2 kg respectively is 1 m/s.
What is speed?Speed is the ratio of distance to time.
To calculate the combined speed of the piece of clay, we use the formula below.
Formula:
V = (mu+m'u')/(m+m').................. Equation 1Where:
V = Combined speed of the claym, m' = Mass of the first and second clayu, u' = Initial speed of the first and second clayFrom the question,
Given:
m = 2 kgm' = 2 kgu = 3 m/su' = -1 m/s (Opposite direction)Substitute these values into equation 1
V = [(2×3)+(-1×2)]/(2+2)V = (6-2)/4V = 4/4V = 1 m/sHence, the combined speed of the piece of clay is 1 m/s.
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Consider an ideal gas at 27.0 degrees Celsius and 1.00atmosphere pressure. Imagine the molecules to be uniformly spaced,with each molecule at the center of a small cube. What is thelength Lof an edge of each small cube if adjacent cubes touch but don'toverlap?
The length of an edge of each small cube is [tex]3.445 * 10^{-9} m[/tex].
It is given to us that -
Temperature of the ideal gas = 27.0 degree Celsius
Atmospheric pressure on the gas = 1.00 atmosphere pressure
Molecules of the gas are uniformly spread
Each molecule at the center of a small cube
We have to find out the length L of an edge of each small cube if adjacent cubes touch but don't overlap.
For solving this problem, we have to make use of the formula of Boltzmann equation for ideal gas, which can be represented as -
[tex]PV = NkT[/tex] ---- (1)
where,
P = Pressure on the gas
V = Volume of the gas
N = Number of molecules of the gas
k = Boltzmann constant
T = Temperature of the gas
According to the given information, we have -
P = 1 atm = 101325 Pa
N = 1
k = [tex]1.38 *10^{-23} J/K[/tex]
T = 27°C = 27°C + 273 = 300K
Now, substituting these values in equation (1), we have
[tex]PV = NkT\\= > 101325 * V = 1 * 1.38 *10^{-23} * 300\\= > V = \frac{414 * 10^{-23}}{101325} \\= > V = 4.0858 * 10^{-26} m^{3}[/tex]------- (2)
We know that the volume of a cube in terms of its length is given as -
[tex]V = L^{3}\\ = > L = V^{1/3}[/tex] ----- (3)
Substituting the value of V from equation (2) in equation (1), we have -
[tex]L = V^{1/3}\\= > L = (4.0858*10^{-26} )^{1/3}\\= > L = 3.445 * 10^{-9} m[/tex]
Therefore, the length of an edge of each small cube is [tex]3.445 * 10^{-9} m[/tex].
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how do p waves and s waves from an earthquake reach new, distant locations around earths surface
Every earthquake creates P waves and S waves. P waves travel away from the focus of an earthquake where the rocks first fractured by compressing and expanding the rocks as they travel through solids, liquids and gases. P waves travel through all parts of the Earth.
Answer:
Explanation:
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What is acceleration due to gravity constant? Include units. (numeric value)
a supernova explosion of a 2 x 1031 kg star produces 1.00 x 1044 joules of energy. (a) how many kilograms of mass are converted to energy in the explosion? (b) what is the ratio of mass destroyed to the original mass of the star?
a. The kilograms of mass that are converted to energy in the explosion is 1.1 × 10^27kg.
b. The ratio of mass destroyed to the original mass of the star is 5.55 × 10^-5.
How many kilograms of mass are converted to energy in the explosion?It should be noted that the total energy is calculated as:
E = Ymc²
where m = mass
c = speed
y = relativistic factor
This will be illustrated as:
1 × 10^44J = 1 × 3.00 × 10^8 m/s
m = 1.11 × 20^27 kg
The mass is 1.1 × 10^27kg.
The ratio of mass destroyed to the original mass of the star will be:
= mass destroyed / original mass
= (1.1 × 10^27) / (2.0 × 10^31)
= 5.55 × 10^-5
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If the polar ice caps melt due to global warming, water now locked up near the earth’s rotation axis will spread out around the surface of the globe. Why? Will the length of the day increase or decrease?
With polar ice caps melting due to global warming, there will be enhancement of earth's rotation rate, thus resulting in decrease in the lengths of the day.
This fact is known to us that -
The polar ice caps will melt due to global warming
Water now locked up near the earth’s rotation axis will spread out around the surface of the globe
We have to determine why this will happen and if the length of the day will increase or decrease.
Firstly, let us understand what does rotation mean. Rotation of earth can be described as a phenomenon through which earth can keep on turning on its axis.
Due to global warming, snow glaciers will start melting, especially those present in the earth's rotation axis.
This, in turn, will lead the melted water into different surfaces around the globe.
As a result of global warming followed by increasing temperature and melting of water, the rotation of earth will be more than the current rate of rotation of the earth.
This implies that with increase in rotation of earth, there will be decrease in the length of the day. This is because the days will pass by soon with increased rate of rotation of earth.
Therefore, with polar ice caps melting due to global warming, there will be enhancement of earth's rotation rate, thus resulting in decrease in the lengths of the day.
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What is an example of motion energy?
Examples of motion energy are moving car, wind energy , planetary motion , free falling object, fan shaft moving, etc.
Kinetic energy can be defined as the energy that is present in any moving object. We can simply say that kinetic energy is the energy caused by motion. Kinetic energy can be further classified into different types based on the type of motion of the objects. For example, rotational kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a body that moves in circles, eg planets orbiting the sun have rotational kinetic energy; vibrational kinetic energy is the energy an object has as a result of vibration, Energy is the amount of work a physical system can perform, so energy can be defined as anything that changes the position, physical composition, or temperature of an object. There are two categories of energy: kinetic energy and potential energy. The difference is whether energy is transferred (motion) or stored (potential). they are interchangeable.
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You have an initial velocity of 5.0 m/s. You then experience an acceleration * 1 point
of 1.5 m/s^2 for 4.0 s; what is your final velocity?
Make sure to include your units.
Your answer
Answer:
11.0 m/s
Explanation:
a = (Vf - Vi) / t
Vf = at + Vi = (1.5 m/s²)(4.0 s) + 5.0 m/s = 11.0 m/s
a 4 kg block slides down a frictionless inclined plane with an acceleration of 3m/s2. what is the angle of the incline above the horizontal
Equation: The inclination of both the inclination well above horizontal might be estimated using its method
tan(θ) = a/g
If a denotes the block's acceleration & g denotes the velocity brought on by gravitation, wherein denotes this same degree of the slope just above perpendicular.
Here, g = 9.8m/s2 and a = 3m/s2.
The formula is given by replacing those inputs.
Solving for θ gives:
θ = 16.9°
Step 1: We need to use the equation for uniform acceleration to calculate the angle of the incline:
a = g*sinθ
Step 2: Rearrange the equation to solve for θ:
θ = sin-1(a/g)
Step 3: Substitute 3 m/s2 for a and 9.8 m/s2 for g:
θ = sin-1(3/9.8)
Step 4: Use an information to evaluate the angular position:
θ = 14.4°
Step 5: This inclination is 14.4° above that of the horizontal.
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how does the motion of the piston differ from the wheel?how does the motion of the piston differ from the wheel?the piston undergoes curvilinear translation and the wheel undergoes general plane motion.the piston undergoes rectilinear translation and the wheel undergoes curvilinear translation.the piston undergoes general plane motion and the wheel undergoes rotation and curvilinear translation.the piston undergoes rectilinear translation and the wheel undergoes rotation about a fixed axis.
Since the piston is forced to slide in a straight path, it experiences rectilinear translation. Given that it will remain horizontal while traveling in a circular motion, the connecting rod goes through curvilinear translation.
What type of motion does the piston make?The piston reciprocates up and down in a straight line as the crank turns. Rotational motion into linear motion is converted via a crank and piston arrangement. According to the guide's orientation, the linear motion can be either vertical or horizontal (or in another direction).
How are rectilinear and curvilinear defined?Rectilinear motion is a motion in a straight line. In this motion, each particle travels the same distance in a straight line in a parallel fashion. Curvilinear Motion: The motion of a curved line.
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if the area of each plate is 20.0 cm2, and their spacing is 3.00 mm, what is the capacitance of the variable capacitor? write in terms of 10-12 f.
Capacitence of each plate is 5.9 x 10^(-12).
What is capacitence?An electrical component called a capacitor has two terminals and may store energy in the form of an electric charge. It consists of two electrically conductive plates that are spaced apart by a particular amount. A dielectric, an insulating material, or a vacuum can be used to fill the space between the conductors.The capacitor's capacity to hold charges is referred to as its capacitance. Opposing charge pairs are separated in capacitors to store energy. The most fundamental type is a parallel plate capacitor, which has two metal plates that are spaced apart by a gap. However, capacitors are available in a wide range of forms, sizes, lengths, girths, and materials.
C = ∈A/L
∈ = Permitivity of vaccum = 8.85 x 10^(-12)
A = Area of cross section = 20 x 10^(-4)[tex]m^{2}[/tex]
L = Sepration = 3 x 10^(-3) m
C = 8.85 x 10^(-12) x 20 x 10^(-4) / 3 x 10^(-3)
C = 5.9 x 10^(-12)
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True/False A guitar string is fixed at both ends. If you tighten it to increase its tension, the frequencies of its normal modes will increase but its wavelengths will not be affected
A guitar string does indeed have permanent ends. Its usual modes' frequencies will rise if you tighten it up to make it more tensional, but its wavelengths won't be impacted.
The statement is true
what is The meaning of wavelength?A wave's wavelength gives information about its length. The wavelength is the distance between the "crest" (top) with one wave and the crest of the following wave. The wavelength can also be determined by measuring from one wave's "trough" (bottom) to the following wave's "trough," with the same results.
A wavelength's frequency is what?The wavelength is the distance that separates two wave crests, while troughs have the same wavelength. The number of waves that pass over a specific place in a second is known as the frequency and is expressed in cycles per second.
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a nuclear power plant on the moon. the ambient temperature on the moon is 15 k. heat input from radioactive decay heats the working steam to a temperature of 975 k. what is the ideal efficiency of the engine?
The ideal efficiency of the engine 12%
Efficiency (n) = 1 - (Tc / Th)
n = 1 - (15 / 975) = 0.985
n = 1 - (4 / 13) = 0.692
n = 1 - ( 282 / 320) = 0.12
Even the most efficient heat engines have poor ideal efficiency, typically, it is much below 50%. Consequently, a significant amount of energy is wasted when it is lost to the environment by heat engines. Even though modern cogeneration, combined cycle, and energy recycling schemes are starting to harness this heat for other uses, a significant portion of the fuels produced worldwide are used to power heat engines, wasting up to half of the useable energy produced worldwide. There are three reasons for this inefficiency. The Carnot efficiency is a general term used to describe the temperature-related upper limit on any heat engine's efficiency. Second, due to the inherent irreversibility, some engine types are limited in terms of efficiency.
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Order the following methods for distance measurement from shortest to longest distance. -Radar -Type 1a supernovae -Cephid Variables -Main-Sequence Fitting
-Galactic Redshifts -Parallax
Short Distance -Radar -Parallax -Main-Sequence Fitting -Cephid Variables -Type 1a supernovae -Galactic Redshifts Long Distance
What are the purposes of Cepheid variables?
The Cepheid variable is one of a family of variable stars whose periods—i.e., the length of one cycle of variation—are strongly correlated with their luminosities and are thus helpful in determining the distances between stars and between galaxies.
How do Cepheid variables come into play while calculating distance?
It is assumed that all Cepheids with a particular time have the same absolute magnitude. We may then use the period-luminosity connection to calculate a Cepheid's distance by measuring its apparent magnitude. If a Cepheid is fainter than another with the same period, it must be further away.
Where can one find Cepheid variables?
These Cepheid variable stars are visible in other galaxies. We can really see it well beyond both the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds. However, similar stars might be found in other galaxies.
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From what height should the car be dropped to have this same amount of kinetic energy just before impact?.
a) The kinetic energy of the car will be = 675000 J
b) The car should be dropped from a height of = 45 m, to have the same amount of kinetic energy just before impact.
c) No, the answer to part b does not depend on the car's mass.
a) To calculate the kinetic energy of the car,
Given, the mass of the car = 1500 kg
The velocity of the car = 30 m/s
The Kinetic energy is represented by - [tex]E_{k}[/tex] ,
[tex]E_{k}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{mv^{2} }{2}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1500 * 30^{2} }{2}[/tex]
= 675000 J
b) To have the same kinetic energy just before impact, the potential energy must be equal to the kinetic energy,
[tex]E_{p} = E_{k}[/tex] = 675000 J
mgh = 675000
1500 x 10 x h = 675000
h = 675000 / 15000
h = 45 m
c) Conservation of energy says that,
[tex]E_{p} = E_{k}[/tex]
mgh = [tex]\frac{mv^{2} }{2}[/tex]
h = [tex]\frac{v^{2} }{2g}[/tex]
Because of the cancellation of masses, the height is independent of mass.
Therefore, the height does not depend on the car's mass.
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a) What is the kinetic energy of a 1500 kg car traveling at a speed of 30 m/s (65mph)? b) From what height should the car be dropped to have this same amount of kinetic energy just before impact? c) Does your answer to part b depend on the car's mass?
find the ratio of the electrostatic to gravitational force between two electrons. (b) what is this ratio for two protons? (c) why is the ratio different for electrons and protons?
The ratio of the electrostatic to gravitational force between two electrons 4.17×10 42
What is gravitational force?The force of attraction between any two objects in the universe is known as gravitational force. Universal gravitational forces exist. The gravitational force is calculated as the product of the masses of the two objects divided by the square of their distance from each other. Our environment is surrounded by gravity. It determines how much we weigh and how far a basketball will fly before hitting the ground when it is launched. The force the Earth applies to you is equal to the gravitational force on Earth. In everyday life, the gravitational pull of the Earth causes an object tossed into the air to return to the surface as an illustration of the force of gravity.To learn more about gravitational force refer to:
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Radio waves travel at a speed of 1.7 times 10^8 m/s through ice. A radio wave pulse sent into the Antarctic ice reflects off the rock at the bottom and returns to the surface in 32.9 times 10^-6 s. Part A How deep is the ice? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
The values with (1/2)(9.8 m/s2) (4 - X)^2 = (1.7 × 10^8 m/s) (X) —> We discover with the calculator X = 4.40 × 10^-7. The depth of the ice is then calculated by multiplying by the speed 74.8 m. Through ice, radio waves move at a speed of 1.7 x 108 m/s.
What is radio waves?
A radio wave pulse that is delivered into the Antarctic ice returns after reflecting off the bottom rock. A radio wave pulse that is transmitted into the Antarctic ice bounces off the subsurface rock and resurfaces. ice in Antarctica Through ice, radio waves move at a speed of 1.7 108 m/s. The rock reflects the radio wave pulse that was transmitted into the Antarctic ice. The amount of time that passed between the signal being sent and being received by the earth station.
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what is the x position of the center of mass for the bowman arrow system at the time when the arrow strikes the ground? set the positive direction to be the direction the arrow flies in.
The arrow is propelled forward by muscular force. The arrow ultimately hits the ground due to the weight of gravity and air resistance.
This explains the reason the arrow was shot: Gravity's downward pull and air resistance have an effect on the arrow, causing it to eventually sink to the ground.
The arrow first moves forward in a straight line, but as gravity pulls it downward, it eventually collapses and comes to rest.
The constant force of attraction that holds everything in mechanics together is gravity, often known as gravitation. It has little impact on defining the intrinsic qualities of everyday items because it is the weakest known force in nature.
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A sled of mass 8 kg slides along the ice. It has an initial speed of 4 m/s but stops because of friction. How much work is done by friction?.
The work done by the friction force on the 8-kg sled is 64 Joule.
The work done by a force on an object is given by:
W = F . s
Where:
F = force
s = distance
Using the equation of motion:
v² = u² - 2 as
where:
v = final speed
u = initial velocity
a = acceleration
In this case v = 0 since the sled finally stops.
Hence,
0 = 4² - 2 as
2 as = 16
as = 8
Using the Newton's 2nd law of motion:
F = m . a
Where:
m = mass of the sled = 8
Substitute F = m . a into the work equation:
W = m . as
Substitute m = 8 and as = 8,
W = 8 x 8 = 64 Joule
Hence, the amount of work done is 64 Joule.
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What is the velocity of the cart at the bottom of the track just before it hits the stop, if the mass of the cart is 0.250 kg and the work done is 5.00 joules?
The velocity of the cart at the bottom of the track is equal to 6.32 m/s.
What is kinetic energy?Kinetic energy can be described as the energy exhibited by a moving body due to its motion. Work will be done by an object in order to change its kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy of a moving body can be determined from the mathematical formula mentioned below:
K.E. = ½mv² where ‘v’ and 'm' are the velocity and mass of the object.
Potential Energy can be defined as the stored energy due to its position and is given by P.E = m×g×h where g, m, and h are the gravitational acceleration, mass, and height.
Given, the mass of the cart =, m= 0.250 Kg
The final velocity of the cart, v = 0
The work done = Change in KE = 5.00 J
½mv² - ½mu² = 5.00
½mu² = 5
(1/2)× 0.25 ×(u)² = 5
u² = 40
u = 6.32 m/s
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Do sedimentary rocks form from heat and pressure at depths?
The answer is "No", sedimentary rocks do not form from heat and pressure at depths. They are formed by compression of ocean sediments.
What are Sedimentary rocks?Detritus rock is a type of sedimentary rock that forms at or near the Earth's surface as a result of the buildup and lithification of sand or as a result of rainfall to form solution at typical surface temps (chemical rock). The majority of rocks exposed on the surface of the Earth are sediment in nature, yet these rocks make up a very small portion of the crust overall, which is primarily composed of metamorphic and igneous rocks.
The weathering of previous rocks, followed by the transit and deposit of the weathered byproducts, produces sedimentary rocks.
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The cosmic microwave background is almost perfectly uniform in all directions, except for very small deviations in its temperature. what do scientists think these small deviations represent?
The small deviation of cosmic microwave represent the temperature was uniform with very little fluctuations.
These small deviations represent regions of slightly higher density that made it possible for galaxies to form.
In Big Bang cosmology, the cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR) is electromagnetic radiation that could be a remnant from an early stage of the universe, also called "relic radiation".
The cosmic microwave is faint cosmic heritage radiation filling all areas. it's far a vital source of records of the early universe because it's by far the oldest electromagnetic radiation within the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination when the primary atoms were fashioned.
With a conventional optical telescope, the distance between stars and galaxies (the heritage) is absolutely dark (see: Olbers' paradox). but, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope indicates a faint heritage brightness, or glow, nearly uniform, that is not associated with any megastar, galaxy, or different item. This glow is most powerful in the microwave region of the radio spectrum.
Cosmic microwave is landmark proof of the large Bang origin of the universe. When the universe become younger, before the formation of stars and planets, it turned denser, lots warmer, and full of an opaque fog of hydrogen plasma. because the universe elevated the plasma grew cooler and the radiation filling it extended to longer wavelengths.
Whilst the temperature had dropped enough, protons and electrons blended to shape impartial hydrogen atoms. not like the plasma, those newly conceived atoms couldn't scatter the thermal radiation with the aid of Thomson scattering, and so the universe has become obvious.
Therefore, the small deviation of cosmic microwave represent the temperature was uniform with very little fluctuations.
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The density of aluminum is 2700 kg/m3.
if transverse waves travel at in an aluminum wire of diameter what is the tension on the wire?
a) 65 N
b) 39 N
c) 52 N
d) 78 N
The tension on the aluminum wire is 52.02 N.
The speed of a wave on a string is equal to the square root of the tension divided by the mass per length. The formula used to calculate this speed of a pulse on the rope (the speed of a wave on a string under tension) is given by |v| = √(T/μ) where v is the speed of a wave, T is the tension on the wire, and μ is linear density (μ=m(mass)/L(length)).
Given the density of aluminum (ρ) is 2700 kg/m³, the diameter of the wire is 4.6-mm or 4.6 x 10⁻³ m, and the speed of the wave is 38 m/s.
First, find the area of the aluminum wire,
[tex]A = \frac{\pi d^2}{4}\\A =\frac{ \pi\times (4.6 \times 10^{-3})^2}{4}\\A = \mathrm{1.66 \times 10^{-5}\;m^2}[/tex]
Now, find the linear density of the wire,
[tex]\mu = \rho A\\\mu = \mathrm{2700\;kg/m^3 \times 1.66 \times 10^{-5} m^2}\\\mu = \mathrm{0.045\;kg/m}[/tex]
Substitute the value of linear density in the speed of wave formula to get tension.
[tex]\begin{aligned}34&=\sqrt{\frac{T}{0.045}}\\34^2&=\frac{T}{0.045}\\T&=1,156\times0.045\\&=\mathrm{52.02\;N}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The answer is 52.02 N and option c is correct.
The complete question is -
The density of aluminum is 2,700 kg/m3. If transverse waves propagate at 38 m/s in a 4.6 mm diameter aluminum wire, what is the tension on the wire?
a) 65 N
b) 39 N
c) 52 N
d) 78 N
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true or false all the frequencies that form standing waves on a string are counting number multiples of the frequency of the largest standing wave that can form on that string.
All the frequencies that form standing waves on a string are counting number multiples of the frequency of the largest standing wave that can form on that string . This statement is true
What is meant by standing wave ?Standing waves, also known as stationary waves, are combinations of two waves with the same amplitude and frequency that are travelling in opposite directions. Interference is what causes the phenomena, which means that when waves are superimposed, their energy either add up or cancel one other out.
Two waves with the same frequency and amplitude that are travelling in opposing directions and interfere with one another create a standing wave. It has some places (referred to as nodes) where the amplitude is consistently zero and other spots (referred to as antinodes) where the amplitude fluctuates most intensely.
The pattern is frequently referred to as a standing wave pattern because the observed wave pattern is marked by points that appear to be standing still. Only certain frequencies within the medium produce such patterns.
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A reaction has a rate constant of 0. 33/min. How many minutes will it take for the reactant concentration to decrease from 0. 13 m to 0. 088 m?.
It will take 1.1824 min for the reactant concentration to decrease from 0. 13 m to 0. 088 m.
K = 0.33/min
for first-order reaction
K×t = ln([A0]/[A])
[A0] = 0.13 M
[A] = 0.088 M
t = ln (0.13/0.088)/0.33 = 1.1824 min
A first-order reaction depends on the awareness of the most effective reactant (a unimolecular response). other reactants may be present, however, their attention has no impact on the fee. The fee regulation for a primary order response is --d[A]/dt = okay[A],
Although not affecting the above math, the general public of first-order reactions continues through intermolecular collisions. Such collisions, which contribute the electricity to the reactant, are always 2nd order. The fee of those collisions is, but, masked via the reality that the price determining step stays the unimolecular breakdown of the energized reactant. The half of-existence is impartial of the beginning awareness and is given with the aid of t1/2 = In(2)/k
In organic chemistry, the class of SN1 (nucleophilic substitution unimolecular) reactions includes first-order reactions. for instance, in the reaction of aryldiazonium ions with nucleophiles in an aqueous solution, [ArN2+] + X− → ArX + N2, the fee equation is v0 = ok[ArN2+], wherein Ar shows an aryl group.
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predict what happens to the system at equilibrium if (a) the temperature is raised, (b) the pressure on the system is increased,
A) As there is a temperature rise it increases the value of the equilibrium constant when the forward reaction is endothermic. Equilibrium shifts to right.
B) When pressure is increased the equilibrium shifts towards the forward direction.
What is Equilibrium?In the study of chemical reactions, equilibrium is crucial because it provides information about the reaction's direction. Equilibrium enables us to regulate the parameters of the reaction to favour the production of desired products. Calculating the composition of the final reaction mixture also makes use of it.
What is Pressure?The force perpendicularly applied to an object's surface divided by the area over which it is dispersed is known as pressure.
Hence, when the temperature is raised even equilibrium shifts to right, similarly when pressure is increased the equilibrium shifts towards the forward direction.
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Astrology, that unlikely and vague pseudoscience, makes much of the position of the planets at the moment of one’s birth. The only known force that a planet could exerts on us is gravitational, so if there is anything to astrology we should expect this force to be significant.
Calculate the gravitational force, in newtons, exerted on a 4.1 kg baby by a 75 kg father who is a distance of 0.16 m away at the time of its birth.
Calculate the force on the baby, in newtons, due to Jupiter (the largest planet, which has a mass of 1.90 × 1027 kg) if it is at its closest distance to Earth, 6.29 × 1011 m away.
What is the ratio of the force of the father on the baby to the force of Jupiter on the baby?
The magnitude of the gravitational force is 7×10⁻⁷ N and the magnitude of the gravitational force due to Jupiter is 1.35×10⁻6 N.
Gravitational potential energy is the energy which a body posses because of its position.
The gravitational potential energy of a body is given as,
= G = Fr²/Mm
Here, (m) is the mass of the body, (F) is the gravitational force and (r) is the height of the body.
The mass of baby is 4.20 kg and mass of father is 100 kg. The distance between them is 0.200 m. Put the values in the above formula as:
= 6.67 X 10⁻¹¹ = F (0.200)² / 100 X 4.20
= F = 7 X 10⁻⁷ N
The magnitude of the force on the baby due to Jupiter if it is at its closest distance to Earth, some 6.29×1011 m.
Put the values in the above formula again as:
= 6.67 X 10⁻¹¹ = F (6.29 X 10¹¹)² / 1.9 X 10²⁷ X 4.20
= F = 1.35 X 10⁻⁶ N
Thus, the magnitude of the gravitational force is 7×10⁻⁷ N and the magnitude of the gravitational force due to Jupiter is 1.35×10⁻6 N.
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a steady current i flows down a long cylindrical wire of radius a. (a) find the magnetic field, both inside and outside the wire, if all the current is uniformly distributed over the outside surface of the wire only. (b) find the magnetic field, both inside and outside the wire, if the current is distributed in such a way that the current density j is proportional to
A magnetic field is a vector subject that describes the magnetic influence on shifting electric-powered costs, electric currents, and magnetic substances. A transferring charge in a magnetic subject studies a pressure perpendicular to its own speed and to the magnetic subject. A permanent magnet's magnetic subject pulls on ferromagnetic materials along with iron and draws or repels other magnets. in addition, a nonuniform magnetic field exerts minuscule forces on "nonmagnetic" substances with the aid of three other magnetic consequences: Para magnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetic, despite the fact that those forces are usually so small they can most effective be detected with the aid of laboratory system.
Magnetic fields surround magnetized materials and are created by using electric-powered currents inclusive of those used in electromagnets, and through electric fields varying in time. seeing that both energy and course of a magnetic discipline may also vary with region, its miles are described mathematically by a function assigning a vector to every factor of area, known as a vector subject.
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the cosmic microwave background is almost perfectly uniform in all directions, except for very small deviations in its temperature. what do scientists think these small deviations represent?
According to the Big Bang Theory, the early universe was an extremely hot place, and as it expanded, the gas inside of it cooled. Therefore, radiation known as the "cosmic microwave background," or CMB, which is essentially the leftover heat from the Big Bang, should be present everywhere in the cosmos.
The cooled residue known as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the first light to ever flow freely through the universe.
The temperature of the cosmic microwave background varies only very slightly from nearly perfect uniformity in all directions due to the regions of slightly higher density that made it possible for galaxies to form.
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