The process in the image is transcription. This is mRNA synthesis and occurs in the nucleus. mRNA copies a segment of DNA and carries this information to the cytoplasm to synthesize new proteins.
What is transcription?
Transcription is the mRNA synthesis process. It occurs in the nucleus and is the previous stage before protein synthesis (translation).
During transcription, fragments of DNA molecules are used to copy the desired sequence that carries the necessary information to grow the new proteins.
In the nucleus, the DNI molecule uncoils and forms the transcription bubble, separating the two strands.
At this point, two fragments of DNA can be identified, the coding strand and the template strand.
The coding strand –non-template strand- goes in direction 5' to 3',The complementary strand -template strand- grows in direction 3' to 5'.The template strand acts as a mold for mRNA growth. This is the chain that is complemented by the mRNA.
On the other hand, the coding strand (non-template) carries the same nucleotidic sequence as the new mRNA. The only difference is that instead of Uracyls (which are only present in RNA molecules), it has Thymines (which are only found in DNA).
RNA polymerase is in charge of reading the original DNI template strand and for mRNA synthesis.
mRNA molecule grows complementing DNA base sequences. This is,
DNA mRNA
adenine ⇔ uracil
guanine ⇔ cytosine
thymine ⇔ adenine
cytosine ⇔ guanine
Once mRNA synthesis is over, the molecule leaves the nucleus to start the translation process in the cytoplasm.
Note: I could not find the image, but the labels suggest this is a transcription process.
The process is Transcription. It produces mRNA, the molecule that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to build new proteins.
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What animals in the Epipelagic Zone are producers, consumers and decomposers?
The epipelagic zone is the illuminated zone at the surface of the sea in which enough light is available for photosynthesis to happen. The producers that live in this area includes cyanobacteria, floating seaweed and phytoplanctons. The consumers in this area can be represented by herbivorous and carnivorous zooplanctons, fishes, whales, dolphins and squids.
Which of the following is the EON in which we now live?A. ArcheanB. PhanerozoicC. DevonianD. Paleozoic
We live now in an eon of 542 million years in which abundant animal and plant life has existed. It is the Phanerozoic eon. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Phanerozoic.
Summarize how scientists use evidence from rock strata to create a geologic time scale and organize Earth's 4.6 billion year history. In your response be sure to include the following:How do they divide the time periods/events of the 4.6 billion year history?Explain how they interpret rock age using relative dating principlesWhat are some examples of evidence they use from the rock strata?
The geologic time scale was developed after scientists observed changes in the fossils going from oldest to youngest sedimentary rocks. They used relative dating to divide Earth's past in several chunks of time when similar organisms were on Earth.
Scientists divide Earth's entire 4.6 billion years into four major time periods. The oldest — and by far the longest — is called the Precambrian. It is divided into Eons known as the Hadean (HAY-dee-un), Archean (Ar-KEY-un), and Proterozoic (Pro-tur-oh-ZOE-ik). After the Precambrian come to the Paleozoic Era and Mesozoic Era.
In interpreting rock age the use of relative dating puts the sequences of rocks layers into chronological order. Although the layers are no longer horizontal, geologists are able to determine their order.
Examples interpreted from rock strata provide a way to organize Earth's history. Analyses of rock strata and the fossil record provide only relative dates, not an absolute scale. phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small.
After seeing variations in the fossils as they moved from oldest to youngest sedimentary strata, geologists came up with the geologic time scale. Relative dating was used to split Earth's history into periods when comparable creatures were present.
What is a geologic time scale?Relative dating is used to chronologically organize the strata of rocks in order to understand rock age. Geologists can still discern the sequence of the strata, despite the fact that they are no longer horizontal.
Earth's history may be organized using examples derived from rock layers. The fossil record and the analysis of rock layers only reveal relative dates an absolute scale is not provided.
Therefore, to examine systems that are too huge or too tiny, events can be seen at multiple sizes using models.
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Do you think the risks of the gene drive getting into another species are worth gaining biodiversity in an ecosystem?
Using gene drive to control on invasive species could damage the environment in ways that are very hard to predict, by causing unintended consecuences.
For example, while intending to affect only a local population, gene drive could spread to an entire species by the return of any individual of the species to its original habitats. This could be by migration, accidental human tranportation, intentional relocation or a different way. If this happens it would drive the entire species to extintion causing damage to the ecosistem as it would affect other species that interact with the original.
It is important to acknowledge that the use of gene drive has permanent consecuences and that it is very hard to predict the effect it will eventually have in the ecosystem.
Also, there are ather ways that sould be considered to control invasive species such as the intentional manipulation of natural enemies, use of pesticides or herbicides, manipulation of the habitat to increase mortality, etc.
Moreover there is the possibility of affecting other non-target species that are able to interbreed with the original, causing a permanent damage in the ecosystem.
In conclution, the risks of gene drive may not be worthy, specially because the damage will be permanent and the real effect it will have is extremly hard to predict.
How are messages carried throughout the human body from the brain to the nervous system?A) Active transportB) Electrical signalsC)
The answer is the letter B. Electrical signals.
*Our brain and body communicates with each other by sending messages in the form of electrical signals.
What are three main differences between how plant and animal cells are structured?
The three main differences between plant and animal cells are:
1. Plant cells have a cell wall, a structure that's located outside the plasma membrane to protect the cell. Animal cells will never show a cell wall.
2. Plant cells have chloroplasts, organelles needed for photosynthesis to take place. This is what makes a plant an autotroph. Animal cells will never show a chloroplast.
3. Plant cells do not have centrioles and centrosomes, but animal cells do. Also, plant cells always shows one or a few large vacuoles, while in animal cells vacuoles are small and in a large number.
Primate TraitsChimpanzees and gorillas are genetically similar, sharing more than 98 percent of their DNA. While they have many of the same body parts, the details of these body parts differ. between the two species. Chimpanzees and gorillas. have a difference of 2 percent in their DNA. sequences, but that difference represents more than 35 million base pairs that differ in the chromosomes of every cell. These base-pair changes account for the physical differences seen between the two species. One difference between the two species is the shape of their hands and feet. Figure 1 compares the hand and a foot of a chimpanzee and a gorilla. Figure 1. Chimpanzee and Gorilla Hands and Feet
Chimpanzee- their hands are much longer and narrower; do not have opposable thumbs; their big toes are opposable
Gorilla-have broad hands and feet; opposable thumbs and opposable big toe
Opposable means that it is capable of moving freely and independently.
Is Kudzu considered an autotroph ? Explain shortly (1-2 sentences)
Kudzu can be considered an autotroph because kudzu vine can cover forest plants and kill them by competing with them for sunlight. This vine has a significant impact on forest ecosystems.
Kudzu spreads swiftly and out of control by runners (stems that root at the tip when in contact with moist soil), rhizomes, and vines that generate new plants by rooting at the nodes.
Kudzu grows at a rate of one foot per day after it is established, and its mature vines can reach a length of 100 feet. Fast-growing invasive plants like kudzu outcompete anything from native grasses to fully developed trees by blocking the sunlight needed for photosynthetic activity.
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Below, determine if these are correct abiotic factors • the depth of a body of water (lake, river, pond) • the climate of an area (example: North Alabama is considered a temperate climate)• the width of a lake, river, pond, etc..• the season (example: July)
Abiotic factos are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that can affect the ecosystems and the living organims. The depth of a body of water, climate, width of a body of water and the seasons are all abiotic factors.
Briefly explain digestion
Digestion is the process by which the digestive system assimilates the necessary substances (energy, minerals and vitamins) from the food consumed, which then are transfered by the circulatory system to every cell of the body.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their interactions with their abiotic environment. Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
The environment can either be biotic or abiotic. These make up an ecosystem. The community of living organisms in an ecosystem is making an interaction with their abiotic environment as well as with the other living organisms present in the ecosystem.
Answer - False
Label the following as either features of xylem or phloem:1. Functions in transpiration 2. Cells are hollow3. Conducts animo acida4. Conducts water5. Sieve tube members6. Conducts carbohydrates7. Tracheids8. Living at maturity9. Vessel elements10. Cells are dead at maturity11. Sieve cells12. Comprises wood13. Companion cells
Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water and minerals. It is composed of tracheids, vessel elements, and xylem parenchyma.
Features of xylem:
• conducts water ,(4)
,• tracheids & vessel elements = both are hollow and elongated cells. ,(2,7,9)
,• Dead at maturity, ,(10)
,• Functions in transpiration, ,(1)
,• Comprises wood ,(12)
Phloem is a vascular tissue that transports organic compounds like glucose from the site of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant. It is composed of sieve cells, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers.
Features of phloem:
• Conducts carbohydrates and amino acids ,(3,6)
,• Sieve tube members, sieve cells, companion cells = Connected as hollow tubes ,(2,5,11,13)
,• Living at maturity ,(8)
All living things on Earth are alike because they:OA. use energy from the Sun to make food.B. breathe air in order to obtain oxygen.C. contain the same five kinds of nucleotides.D. have the same sequence of nucleotide bases.
All living things on Earth are alike because, even though there are a lot of different adaptations which have result in different morphologies, structures and physiological mechanisms, they all contain the same five kinds of nucleotides, but the sequence of nucleotide bases that conform the genes is different.
Only photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to make food, and although most of the organisms are aerobic, there are also some anaerobic.
So the correct answer is option C: contain the same five kinds of nucleotides.
5. A true-breeding green pea plant is crossed with a true-breeding green peaplant, and all the offspring are the recessive green color. What is the mostlikely genotype of the offspring assuming a single-gene trait?A. yyB. YYC. Yy
True-breeding means that the plant is 100% pure and has not been crossed with a different variety. When two true-breeding green peas were crossed, they will produce offspring that may either express purely dominant traits or express purely recessive traits. In this case, all of the offspring possess the recessive green color. This means both parents and offsprings have the same genotype.
ANSWER: This genotype is A. yy.
In an antibiotic sensitive test, for a certain antibiotic E, the inhibition zone diameter/mm in a bacterial culture is such thatResistant≤12 Sensitive≥15How is the antibiotic described for the said bacteria for range 13 - 14?
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST) is a laboratory procedure to identify which antimicrobial regimen is specifically effective for individual patients.
The zone of inhibition is a circular area around the spot of the antibiotic in which the bacteria colonies do not grow.
Zone of inhibition can be used to measure the susceptibility of the bacteria towards the antibiotic.
In question
the antibiotic described for the said bacteria for range 13-14 will considered as INTERMEDIATE.
Resistant means the bacteria can grow even if the drug is present.This is a sign of an ineffective antibiotic.
INTERMEDIATE means a higher dose of the antibiotic is needed to prevent the growth.
The green pigment in plants that traps light energy is:cristae.chlorophyll.thylakoids.ATP Synthase.ОС
Chlorophyll is the natural compound present in green plants that gives them their color. It helps plants to absorb energy from the sun as they undergo the process of photosynthesis. This nutrient is present in green vegetables and other plant-based foods, like algae.
Answer: Chlorophyll
identify and explain if the feedback loop is positive or negativecirculatory system
Well, first we have to consider that when we talk about positive and negative feedback, usually we refer to homeostasis, which's a kind of balance our bodies do regarding physiological processes.
Having this in mind, we use the term negative feedback to signal the balance of nutrients (e.g. oxygen, minerals), pressure, and temperature, our blood does to achieve the normal equilibrium of this in our body.
In the same way, when we say positive feedback, we refer to those processes that our body carries out to keep or maintain the influence of a stimulus.
Which term means pertaining to the spinal cord?
O myelonic
Omedullary
O cerebellar
O encephalic
Answer: Myelonic
Explanation:
True or false: ATP synthase converts ADP into sugars
*if false, state what it really converts into
It is a false statement that ATP synthase converts ADP into sugars. It converts ADP to ATP.
What is ATP synthase?The ATP synthase is an enzyme that is responsible for the production of ATP from ADP. The term ATP is adenosine triphosphate while the term ADP is adenosine diphosphate.
We know that the enzyme ATP synthase is a precursor, in the presence of the precursor, there is the conversion of the ADP into ATP which is the energy molecule of the living cells.
It is not true, from the discussion above that the role of the enzyme is to convert ADP to sugars.
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Where in the bone are redblood cells made?A. periosteumB. compact boneC. spongy boneD. joint capsule
The red blood cells are made in the red bone marrow which is in the spongy bone. Therefore, the answer is C.
Places in the US that protect the species that live in.
Areas were the native species that live there are protected are called protected areas or conservation areas. I
Would the DNA of Corynebacteriumtuberculostearicum and Acinetobacter baumanniidetected by polymerase chain reaction make aneasily recognized antigen?
No, DNA won't make an easily recognized antigen because the basic structure of DNA is similar to all microbes, so DNA won't be enough to specifically recognize these two microbes.
An antigen in immunology is a molecule, molecular structure, foreign particle, pollen grain, or other foreign substance that may attach to a particular antibody or T-cell receptor. Antigens present in the body might cause an immunological reaction. The word "antigen" originally referred to something that produces antibodies. Proteins, peptides (chains of amino acids), polysaccharides (chains of monosaccharides/simple sugars), lipids, and nucleic acids can all be considered antigens.
Antibodies and T-cell receptors are examples of antigen receptors that can identify an antigen. Immune system cells produce a variety of antigen receptors, giving each cell a specificity for a single antigen. Only lymphocytes that are able to detect an antigen are activated and enlarged after being exposed to it, a process known as clonal selection.
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occasionally, a bismuth preparation is added to the treatment regimen for duodenal ulcers. what are bismuth's effects against h. pylori organisms.
The effects of bismuth on Helicobacter pylori are bactericidal. These effects can be: complex formation in the bacterial wall and periplasmic space, inhibition of different enzymes, ATP synthesis, as well as adherence of the bacteria to the gastric mucosa.
Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative bacteria bacteria found inside the stomach of humans. They are responsible for causing infections like ulcers inside the stomach. The symptoms include nausea, stomach pain, loss of appetite, etc.
Gastric mucosa is the layer of mucus inside the stomach. The layer consists of glands and the gastric pits. The function of mucus is to lubricate the food coming inside it so as to facilitate its digestion.
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Bacteria that require oxygen to
live are known as ...
A. eukaryotes.
B. obligate anaerobes.
C. obligate aerobes. This
D. facultative anaerobes.
Answer: Obligate Aerobes
Explanation:
In most cases, these bacteria require oxygen to grow because their methods of energy production and respiration depend on the transfer of electrons to oxygen, which is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport reaction.
Are cloning and genetic engineering ethically right?explain
Answer:
The process is considered unethical (read explanation)
Explanation:
Genetic engineering is a gateway to a slippery slope of unethical testing, which can cause loss of human life and we'll start using it for non-therapeutic reasons. Due to the amount of testing that has been done on genetic engineering, we don't know much about it.
Some plants have specialized tube-like structures that transport nutrients, minerals, and water. Water and dissolved ions are transported by xylem tubes. Phloem tubes transport nutrients. The picture below is a cross-section of a celery stalk with the xylem showing in the red bundles . In which direction would the water be moving in this celery stalk?A) The water would be flowing upwards towards the leaves.B) The water would be flowing downwards towards through the stem and to the roots.
The movement of water in celery happens because of the capllary action in the xylem, the water moves up from the roots through the stem and into the branches and leaves. Therefore, the answer for the question is A (the water would be flowing upwards towards the leaves).
The 2nd question on the paper and I need help with an explanation
It`s the left atrium. When the regurgitation happens into the left atrium (blood flows backward through the mitral valve), blood will be directed to the lungs, which will increase the workload in the heart.
I need help, please!!!
11. A person without the allele for sickle cell anemia has children with a person who is a carrier for sickle cell anemia but doesn’t have the disease. What percentage of their children will have sickle cell anemia? What percentage of their children will be carriers for sickle cell anemia? Show your work with a Punnett square. You can copy/paste the blank table below or create a table in the submission box to complete the Punnett square.
percentage of carrier children: 50%
Write a 4 to 5 sentence paragraph that Contrast the growth of a butterfly in a grasshopper from egg to an adult. Be sure to include the terms complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis in answer
The butterfly begins its life as a larva or a caterpillar. A caterpillar molts as it grows. When it reaches its full size, it forms into pupa and undergoes metamorphosis where the butterfly begins to form. A grasshopper however, is an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis where it hatches from an egg and goes through the three nymphal stages. Each of the nymphal stage shows a smaller version of the insect and becomes larger as it grows. The third stage will show the adult form of the grasshopper.
Amylose differs from amylopectin in that amylose ________. Amylose differs from amylopectin in that amylose ________.
A. Forms a helix and no branch points
B. Is highly branched and amylopectin
C. is not Has more glucose residues than amylopectin
D. Has different monomers than amylopectin
Amylose differs from amylopectin in that amylose Has different monomers than amylopectin.
Amylose are linear Amylopectin are branched . Amylose is a straight-chain polymer in which a 1,4-glycosidic bond links D-glucose units. Amylopectin is a branched-chain polymer in which 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bond links D-glucose units.
Other difference include Amylose has glucose units joined in a continuous chain like beads on a string whereas amylopectin has branched chains of glucose units. Amylose is a polysaccharide consisting of α-1,4-glycosidic bonds .Amylopectin is a polysaccharide consisting of α-1,4 linkages .
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